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Tehachapi Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps stebbinsi)

Citation:

A new species of Batrachoseps (slender salamander) from the desert of southern California.

Author(s)
Brame, A.H.
Volume
200
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Location Type California Counties Countries
Body length 55.2 Standard length mm Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Population dynamics of San Joaquin kit foxes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California.

Author(s)
Cypher, B.L., Warrick, G.D., Otten, M.R., O'Farrell, T.P., Berry, W.H., Harris, C.E., Kato, T.T., McCue, P.M., Scrivner, J.H. and Zoellick, B.W.
Volume
145
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Population Density See citation Table 1 Number/km2 B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Survival/ Mortality See citation Survival B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 6 Pups/litter B Pup See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Dietary Composition Leporids: 44.1, kangaroo rats: 31.0, pocket mice: 1.2, antelope squirrels: 2.3, other rodents: 4.1, sheep: 0.8, birds: 2.5, snakes: 1.4, lizards: 0.1, orthopterans: 6.4, colopterans: 1.3, other arthropods: 0.1, other items: 6.9 Frequency of occurrence % Both Adults and Juveniles 4393 Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Individual and population-level variability in diets of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus).

Author(s)
Johnston, D.S. and Fenton, M.B.
Issue
2
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Dietary Composition Tytthotyle maculata: 9.9, Grylliacrididae: 1.0, Gryllus: 4.0, Diptera: 0.3, Lepidoptera: 5.7, Coleoptera: 2.3, Cyclocephla longula: 24.4, Tenebrionidae: 3.6, Edrotes ventricosus: 0.6, Hippomelas: 21.0, Tiphiidae: 1.5, Pentatomidae: 4.3, Geocoris: 0.1, Myrmeleontidae: 4.9, Solpugidae: 14.1 Percentage of total volume % M Adult 29 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition
Time of Molt May-Aug. Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Time of Torpor or Hibernation late Mar.-early Apr. end of winter dormancy period Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid-Oct. time of dispersal of summer roost colonies Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Body Weight - Mean 24.3 g Female Adult 15 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo ovulating
Body Weight - Mean 20.6 g Male Adult 2 colonies Exposure Factor Datasets NR Kern, San Luis Obispo
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 g Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo late pregnancy
Body Weight - Mean 25.2 g Male Adult 16 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Time of Mating/ Laying late Oct.-Nov. period over which copulation occurs Both Male and Female Adult 1 male, 5 females Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 9 estimation based on observations in wild and captive bats wks Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Clutch or Litter Size 1.8 young Female Adult 28 bats Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)

Citation:

Southwestern Willow Flycatcher populations in California: distribution, abundance, and potential for conservation.

Author(s)
Kus, B.E., Beck, P.P. and Wells, J.M.
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type California Counties Countries
Population Density Review Pairs/site B Adult Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Hatching Success Review Nest success B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:

Food habits of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher during the nesting season.

Author(s)
Drost, C.A., Paxton, E.H., Sogge, M.K. and Whitfield, M.J.
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Dietary Composition Diptera: 74.6, Hemiptera: 64.4, Coleoptera: 52.5, Oldonata: 40.7, Hymenoptera/flying: 35.6, Cicadellidae: 35.6, Araneae: 30.5, plant: 13.6, Leipidoptera larva: 11.9, unidentified insect: 10.2, Homoptera/other: 8.5, Lepidoptera adult: 6.8, Isoptera: 6.8, Formicidae: 3.4 Diet based on fecal samples Percent occurrence in samples NR Not Reported 59 Kern River Preserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:

Effects of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds on willow flycatcher nesting success along the Kern River, California

Author(s)
Harris, John H.
Pages
13-26
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Fledging or Weaning Rate 16% Percent of nests that fledged young Not Reported Fledgling 19 nests Kern River Preserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) are selective herbivores that track the flowering phenology of their preferred food plants.

Author(s)
Jennings, W.B. and Berry, K.H.
Issue
1
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Table 6 B Adult 18 Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area,
eastern Kern County, California 		Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 8 B Adult 18 Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area,
eastern Kern County, California 		Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:

Field studies of natality in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi

Author(s)
Hampton, Anne M.
Pages
128-138
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 3 estimated from eggshell fragments in nest eggs/nest Female Adult 15 nests Fremont Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Population Density 300 #/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Fremont Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Sources and rates of San Joaquin kit fox mortality in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Disney, Michele and Linda K. Spiegel
Pages
73-82
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 Male Adult 25 foxes extreme southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 Female Adult 32 foxes extreme southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 57 foxes extreme southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Age at Sexual Maturity 22 mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Time of Mating/ Laying December time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Time of Hatching or Parturition early February Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Clutch or Litter Size 4.1 mean litter size pups Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Population Density denning density den/28 ha - 1 den/37 ha Both Male and Female Adult 1010 dens Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Population Density adult density #/260 ha Both Male and Female Adult 361 foxes Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

San Joaquin kit fox: its distribution and abundance

Author(s)
Laughrin, Lyndal
Pages
20
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 1 estimated average density based on censuses and literature values fox/2.8 mi2 Both Male and Female Adult 108 dens Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range approximate range of individual foxes mi2 Both Male and Female Adult 12 foxes Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) lbs Male Adult 1-4 foxes/month Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) lbs Female Adult 1-5 foxes/month Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Growth Rate growth rate observed in repeatedly trapped pups lb/month Both Male and Female Pup Not Reported Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 5 litters Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Time of Hatching or Parturition February-March Female Adult Not Reported Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Dietary Composition Kangaroo rats (80.7%), rabbits (46.2%), squirrels (9.6%), cottontails (5.8%), pocket mouse (1.9%), unident. insects (59.6%), scorpions (17.3%), Jerusalem crickets (13.5%), insect larvae (11.5%), ants (9.6%), grasshoppers (5.8%), beetles (3.8%), spiders (1.9%) frequency of occurrence in scat analyses % Both Male and Female Not Reported 52 scat groups Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Diet of the San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on Naval Petroleum Reserve #1, Kern County, California, 1980-1984

Author(s)
Scrivner, Jerry H., Thomas P. O'Farrell and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
26
Publisher
EG&G Energy Measurements, EGG 10282-2168
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition lagomorphs (73.3%), kangaroo rats (13.1%), San Joaquin antelope ground squirrel (2.9%), San Joaquin kit fox (2.8%), Cricetidinae (1.3%), Heteromyidae (0.8%), San Joaquin pocket mouse (0.7%), California ground squirrel (0.6%), southern grasshopper mouse (0.5%), sheep (0.5%), Botta pocket gopher (0.3%), birds (1.4%), snakes (1.2%), lizards (0.1%), grasshoppers and crickets (6.2%), beetles (1.0%), arthropods (0.2%), grass (1.7%), soluble material (5.2%), other (9.1%) frequency of occurrence of food items found in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1430 scats Naval Petroleum Reserve #1 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Competetive interactions between coyotes and San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Kenneth A. Spencer
Pages
204-214
Year
Issue
1
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Dietary Composition see figure bar graph showing use of leporids, rodents, insects and other food items over 6 years Not Reported Not Reported 449 scat samples Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Survival/ Mortality 61.0 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years % Not Reported Adult 306 foxes Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 5.2 SE
Survival/ Mortality 79.8 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years % Not Reported Juvenile 177 foxes Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 4.5 SE
Citation:

Assessment of abundance of San Joaquin kit foxes by spotlight surveys

Author(s)
Ralls, Katherine and L. Lee Eberhardt
Pages
65-73
Year
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figures showing seasonal abundance and density counts Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,239 surveys (dry season); 883 surveys (wet season) Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Home range characteristics of the San Joaquin kit fox in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Spiegel, Linda K. and Michael Bradbury
Pages
83-92
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 1.61 denning range, based on observations of marked individuals at dens km2 Both Male and Female Adult 26 south San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.20 SE
Home Range 5.82 nocturnal range, based on noctural locations of marked individuals km2 Both Male and Female Adult 26 south San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.45 SE
Home Range 6.13 based on all observations of marked individuals km2 Both Male and Female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.45 SE
Citation:

Patterns of den use by San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Koopman, Marni E., Jerry H. Scrivner and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
373-379
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 4.3 average home range km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Naval Petroleum Reserves in California, Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Use of human-derived food items by urban kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Gregory D. Warrick
Pages
34-37
Year
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition human derived food items (12.2%), ground squirrel (67.8%), pocket gopher (3.9%), unident. rodent (5.0%), leporid (5.0%), bird (12.2%), insect (23.3%), other (2.2%) frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 180 scats Bakersfield, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila formerly Gambelia silus)

Citation:

Observations on the San Joaquin leopard lizard, Crotaphytus wislizenii silus Stenjneger

Author(s)
Montanucci, Richard R.
Pages
270-283
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Clutch or Litter Size 3 eggs/clutch Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 57 egg to hatching d Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Time of Hatching or Parturition Aug. - Sept. Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Foraging Distance 42 maximum foraging distance from burrow m Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of mating Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Time of Mating/ Laying June - July time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Tulare
Citation:

Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii

Author(s)
Tollestrup, Kristine
Pages
1-20
Year
Issue
1
Volume
108
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Growth Rate 1.6 increase in snout-vent length from 8 to 12 mo mm/mo Female 2 Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 8 - 12 mo Kern, Kings, Tulare
Growth Rate 2.0 increase in snout-vent length mm/mo Male Adult 36 Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Growth Rate 0.7 increase in snout-vent length mm/mo Female Adult 38 Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Clutch or Litter Size range of average clutch size from 2 sites over 2 yrs eggs/clutch Female Adult 3-22 Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings
Age at Sexual Maturity 9 (occassionally 21) based on presence of oviductal eggs and breeding color mo Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Age at Sexual Maturity mo Male Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Time of Hatching or Parturition July - Aug. Both Male and Female Hatchling Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Time of Mating/ Laying May - July time of laying Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 4 wks Both Male and Female Embryo Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Female Adult Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Mar. Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Growth Rate 11.8 increase in snout-vent length before retreat in Oct. mm/mo Both Male and Female Hatchling 2 Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare
Growth Rate increase in snout-vent length for juvenile to 9 mo period mm/mo Both Male and Female Juvenile 7 Pixley National Wildlife Refuge, Delano and Kettleman Hills Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, Kings, Tulare

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Coyote morphometric characteristics and mass dynamics in the San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L.
Pages
360-365
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Error
Body Weight - Mean 9.9 kg Female Pup 13 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.4 SE
Body Weight - Mean 9.3 kg Female Juvenile 7 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 1yr Kern 0.3 SE
Body Weight - Mean 10.1 kg Female Adult 5 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2 yr Kern 1.1 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2.2 kg Female Pup 19 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.1 SE
Body Weight - Mean 10.2 kg Female Adult 53 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2 yr Kern 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2.5 kg Male Pup 19 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 12.1 kg Male Adult 82 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets >2yr Kern 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 10.4 kg Male Pup 28 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets <1yr Kern 0.2 SE
Body Weight - Mean 11.4 kg Male Juvenile 10 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88 - 473 m) Exposure Factor Datasets 1yr Kern 0.2 SE
Citation:

Food-item use by coyotes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
91-95
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition leporids (66.5%); rodents (21.5%); livestock (17.8%); coyote (2.1%); birds (17.8%); reptiles (5.4%); insects (18.6%); fruit (4.5%); other (2.1%); refuse (5.8%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents estimated over 6 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported 242 Naval Petroleum Reserves, Bakersfield (elev., 88-473m) Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Use of food items by sex and age classes of coyotes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
42-47
Year
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
Dietary Composition leporid (76.4%); rodent (18.0%); livestock (13.5%); bird (13.5%); insect (4.5%); other (14.6%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Adult 89 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets > 1 yr Kern
Dietary Composition leporid (57.6%); rodent (27.1%); livestock (27.1%); bird (20.3%); insect (11.9%); other (25.4%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets 1 yr Kern
Dietary Composition leporid (62.7%); rodent (19.4%); livestock (17.9%); bird (14.9%); insect (41.8%); other (26.9%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile 59 Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] Exposure Factor Datasets <1 yr Kern

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Food habits of the mourning dove in California

Author(s)
Browning, Bruce M.
Pages
91-115
Year
Issue
2
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition safflower, milo, turkey mullein, buckthorn weed, California poppy, rice, sunflower, wheat, corn principal dietary items in crop contents Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 192 crops southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

An eleven-year summary of mourning dove observations in the west

Author(s)
McClure, H. Elliott
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Hatching Success 55.2% percent of nests in which at least one egg hatched % Both Male and Female Adult 335 nest attempts near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Hatching Success 67.1% percent of eggs laid that hatched % Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.87 average number of fledglings per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 185 successful nests near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Time of Nesting Mar-Sep period from beginning to end of nesting Both Male and Female Adult 335 nest attempts near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Population Density 21.7 average number of birds per 100 miles of survey route birds/100 mi Not Reported Not Reported 1000 mi surveyed/mo near Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 200 denning range (area enclosing occupied den sites) ha Both Male and Female Adult 16 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Time of Mating/ Laying January based on reproductive condition of adults at time of capture Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Longevity 10.2 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location mo Both Male and Female Adult 6 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.8 SE
Longevity 2.4 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location mo Both Male and Female Adult 13 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.7 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2034 g Male Adult 15 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 78 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1936 g Female Adult 13 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 64 SE

California Toad (Anaxyrus boreas ssp. halophilus formerly Bufo boreas ssp. halophilus)

Citation:

Food habits of western toads (Bufo boreas halophilus) foraging from a residential lawn

Author(s)
Barrentine, Carl D
Pages
84 - 87
Year
Issue
3
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Isopoda (31.23%); Diplopoda (0.66%); Arachnida (2.14%); Orthoptera (0.35%); Dermaptera (2.65%); Coleoptera (54.06%); Lepidoptera (2.67%); Diptera (0.04%); Hymenoptera (5.92%); Unknown insects (0.3%) % occurrence in fecal pellets examined % Not Reported Adult 320 fecal pellets/ 6 animals residential lawn, Bakersfield [lat., 35^o21'N; long., 119^o09'W] Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Citation:

Variation in clutch and litter size in New World reptiles

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
28
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.50 eggs/clutch Female Adult 8 "lowland" habitat Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.53
Clutch or Litter Size 8.50 eggs/clutch Female Adult 16 "montane" habitat (elev., 1528m) Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.32

Desert Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana ssp. stejnegeri)

Citation:

Movements and seasonal activity cycles of the lizard Uta stansburiana stejnegeri

Author(s)
Spoecker, Peter D.
Pages
484-494
Year
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Hatching or Parturition July - Sept. Not Reported Hatchling Not Reported El Paso Mountains [lat., 35^o30'; long., 117^o40'] Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
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