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Western Yellow Bat (Lasiurus xanthinus)

Citation:

Western yellow bat (Lasiurus xanthinus) in southern Nevada.

Author(s)
O'Farrell, M.J., Williams, J.A. and Lund, B.
Issue
4
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Based on fecal analysis % volume M 25 Moapa Valley National Wildife Refuge, Clark County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Based on fecal analysis % volume F 15 Moapa Valley National Wildife Refuge, Clark County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 1 Based on fecal analysis % volume M 3 Moapa Valley National Wildife Refuge, Clark County Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Spotted Bat (Euderma maculatum)

Citation:

Distribution of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in Nevada, including notes on reproduction.

Author(s)
Geluso, K.
Issue
3
Volume
45
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body length 53 Forearm length mm M Adult 1 Pigeon Spring, Esmerelda County Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Body length Forearm length mm F Adult 6 Pigeon Spring, Esmerelda County Exposure Factor Datasets USA

American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:

Synergistic effects of spring temperatures and land cover on nest survival of urban birds.

Author(s)
Becker, M.E. and Weisberg, P.J.
Issue
1
Volume
117
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.973 Daily mean nest survival Nestling 159 nests Sparks and Reno Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.013
Survival/ Mortality 44 Percent survival % Nestling 159 nests Sparks and Reno Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 12% increase for every +1 degree C Increase in survival due to temperature % Nestling 159 nests Sparks and Reno Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Offspring size as an index of habitat degradation.

Author(s)
Warkentin, I.G., Reed, J.M. and Dunham, S.M.
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size Initial: 3.6; 8 d: 1.7; 8 d successful only: 3.3 Eggs/nest Embryo Not reported Clear canyon; Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA Initial: 0.1; 8 d: 0.4; 8 d successful only: 0.2
Body Weight - Mean San Juan: 6.6; Stewart: 6.9; Clear: 7.2 Mean egg mass g Embryo Not reported Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA San Juan: 0.1; Stewart: 0.2; Clear: 0.1
Hatching Success San Juan: 21; Stewart: 18; Clear: 9 Nests with at least 1 yound d 8 Nests Embryo Not reported Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Hatching Success San Juan: 8; Stewart: 3; Clear: 5 Nests with no losses after d 8 Nests Embryo Not reported Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Population Density San Juan: 0.10; Stewart: 0.06; Clear: 0.07 per 100 net-hours/km2 NR Adult Not reported Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Clutches or Litters per year 2 to 3 Clutch/y Not reported Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Time of Nesting San Juan: May 22; Stewart: May 27; Clear: June 5 NR Adult Not reported Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA San Juan: 2 d; Stewart: 4 d; Clear: 4 d
Clutch or Litter Size Initial: 3.8; 8 d: 2.5; 8 d successful only: 3.2 Eggs/nest Embryo Not reported San Juan canyon; Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA Initial: 0.2; 8 d: 0.3; 8 d successful only: 0.2
Clutch or Litter Size Initial: 3.5; 8 d: 1.9; 8 d successful only: 3.0 Eggs/nest Embryo Not reported Stewart canyon; Toiyabe Mountains in Lander and Nye Counties Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA Initial: 0.1; 8 d: 0.3; 8 d successful only: 0.2

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)

Citation:

Regional and seasonal diet of the Western Burrowing Owl in south central Nevada.

Author(s)
Hall, D.B., Greger, P.D. and Rosier, J.R.
Issue
1
Volume
69
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Invertebrates: 97, Vertebrates: 66 Percent frequency of occurrence % NR Not Reported 426 Nevada Test Site Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Invertebrates: 95, Vertebrates: 67 Percent frequency of occurrence % NR Not Reported 1631 Nevada Test Site Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Invertebrates: 100, Vertebrates: 34 Percent frequency of occurrence % NR Not Reported 213 Nevada Test Site Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Invertebrates: 83, Vertebrates: 67 Percent frequency of occurrence % NR Not Reported 186 Nevada Test Site Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Invertebrates: 99, Vertebrates: 79 Percent frequency of occurrence % NR Not Reported 806 Nevada Test Site Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas)

Citation:

A herpetological inventory of Naval Air Station Fallon, Churchill County, Nevada.

Author(s)
Rose, J.P., Miano, O.J., Cottle, G.R., Lovich, R.E., Palmer, R.L. and Todd, B.D.
Issue
4
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Population Density 131 975 sq km Individuals captured Both Adults and Juveniles Naval Air Station Fallon, NV Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 14.2, 2003: 14.4, 2004: 15.2 g Liver weight NR Nestling 2002: 2, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 0.65 µg/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 20 Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 12.8, 2003: 15.2, 2004: 13.0 g Liver weight NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 423, reference: 422 g Body weight Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 6, Reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS Lahontan Reservoir: 3.55, Humboldt River: 3.59 g Kidney weight NR Nestling 7 Lahontan Reservoir: contaminated site; Humbodlt River: reference site Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 13.73, reference: 12.44 g Liver weight Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 6, Reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.170, 2003: 0.646, 2004: 0.262 g Spleen weight NR Nestling 2002: 2, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 4.78, reference: 4.56 g Kidney weight Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 6, Reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.170, 2003: 0.646, 2004: 0.626 g Spleen weight NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 0.28, reference: 0.50 g Spleen weight Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 6, Reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 2.92, reference: 3.30 g Brain weight Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 6, Reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 38.0, reference: 43.0 Hematocrit Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 6, Reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Table 7 Histopathology Both Adults and Juveniles LCRS: 5, Reference: 6 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Table 3 Egg concentration Embryo See citation Lahontan Reservoir & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Table 4 Blood concentration Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Lahontan Reservoir & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 296, 2003: 326, 2004: 330 Body weight NR Nestling 2002: 11, 2003: 31, 2004: 50 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 1.47, 2003: 3.39, 2004: 1.89 µg/g ww Blood concentration NR Nestling 2002: 11, 2003: 31, 2004: 50 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 304, 2003: 359, 2004: 325 Body weight NR Nestling 2002: 21, 2003: 32, 2004: 25 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.68, 2003: 0.71, 2004: 0.67 µg/g ww Blood concentration NR Nestling 2002: 21, 2003: 32, 2004: 25 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS See citation Table 3 Blood chemistry NR Nestling See citation Lahontan Reservoir & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 134.8 µg/g ww Liver concentration B Adult 6 Churchill County, contaminated sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 1.44 µg/g ww Stomach content concentration NR Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Churchill County, reference sites in Elko County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 1.18 µg/g ww Stomach content concentration NR Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Churchill County, reference sites in Elko County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 2.41, 2003: 2.04, 2004: 1.66 g Brain weight NR Nestling 2002: 2, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 2.34, 2003: 2.36, 2004: 2.32 g Brain weight NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 1997: 0.60, 1998: 1.20 µg/g ww Stomach concentration Both Adults and Juveniles 1997: 4, 1998: 6 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 2.70, 2003: 3.06, 2004: 2.40 µg/g ww Liver concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 1997: 0.53, 1998: 1.12 µg/g ww Stomach concentration Both Adults and Juveniles 1997: 4, 1998: 6 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.82, 2003: 0.86, 2004: 0.76 µg/g ww Liver concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 1997: 0.31, 1998: 0.61 µg/g ww Stomach concentration Both Adults and Juveniles 5 Carson Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 2002: 2.35, 2003: 2.63, 2004: 2.01 µg/g ww Liver concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 1997: 0.28, 1998: 0.43 µg/g ww Stomach concentration Both Adults and Juveniles 5 Carson Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 2002: 0.68, 2003: 0.74, 2004: 0.59 µg/g ww Liver concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 43.65, reference site: 7.92 µg/g ww Liver concentration Adult LCRS: 6, reference: 5 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 1.87, 2003: 2.46, 2004: 1.78 µg/g ww Kidney concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 43.65, reference site: 7.92 µg/g ww Liver concentration Nestling LCRS: 6, reference: 7 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.61, 2003: 0.64, 2004: 0.55 µg/g ww Kidney concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 11.12, reference site: 3.13 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Adult LCRS: 6, reference: 3 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 2002: 1.65, 2003: 1.90, 2004: 1.47 µg/g ww Kidney concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 2.74, reference site: 0.40 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Nestling LCRS: 6, reference: 7 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
METHYLMERCURY 2002: 0.52, 2003: 0.57, 2004: 0.50 µg/g ww Kidney concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 2.30, reference site: 0.90 µg/g ww Brain concentration Adult LCRS: 6, reference: 3 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.93, 2003: 0.93, 2004: 0.70 µg/g ww Brain concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 0.70, reference site: 0.10 µg/g ww Brain concentration Nestling LCRS: 6, reference: 4 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 0.23, 2003: 0.23, 2004: 0.19 µg/g ww Brain concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 5.86, reference site: 3.13 µg/g ww Blood concentration Adult LCRS: 5, reference: 3 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 20.45, 2003: 36.38 µg/g ww Feather concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Lahontan Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 2.67, reference site: 0.30 µg/g ww Blood concentration Nestling LCRS: 6, reference: 4 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2002: 6.66, 2003: 8.50 µg/g ww Feather concentration NR Nestling 2002: 9, 2003: 7, 2004: 5 Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 30.64, reference site: 7.77 µg/g ww Feather concentration Nestling LCRS:14, reference: 14 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY COMPOUNDS LCRS: 0.54, reference site: 0.17 µg/g ww Egg concentration Embryo LCRS: 26, reference: 42 LCRS: Carson Lake & Lahontan Reservoir; Reference site: Ruby Lake & Humboldt River Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
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