Michigan
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | increase | incidence of deformities in live embryos relative to 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents of PCBs, PCDFs, and PCDDs | Not Reported | Embryo | Not Reported | Lakes Michigan, Huron, Superior, North Channel | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 95% | percent of eggs lost or broken before hatching in contaminated colonies | Not Reported | Embryo | 235 eggs | Lake Huron | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 23.9% thinner | eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 eggshells in contaminated colonies | Not Reported | Embryo | 18 eggs | Lake Huron | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 2.4% | mean hatching success in contaminated colonies | Not Reported | Embryo | 331 eggs | Lake Huron | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 0.06-0.11 (1972); 0.3 (1973) | fledging success (young/nest) in contaminated colonies | Not Reported | Embryo | 42 (1973)-66 (1972) nests | Lake Huron | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 118.6 | mean daily energy expenditure during reproduction (during late incubation) | kJ/d | Female | Adult | 14 | Houghton Lake (lat. 44deg02', long. 08deg45') | Exposure Factor Datasets | 9.2 SE |
| Metabolic Rate | 92.6 | mean daily energy expenditure during reproduction (during late incubation) | kJ/d | Male | Adult | 14 | Houghton Lake (lat. 44deg02', long. 08deg45') | Exposure Factor Datasets | 8.1 SE |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 0.63 | acres | Male | Adult | 70 | Edwin S. George Reserve, University of Michigan | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.4 |
| Home Range | 0.51 | acres | Female | Adult | 64 | Edwin S. George Reserve, University of Michigan | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.4 |
| Home Range | 0.61 | acres | Male | Juvenile | 10 | Edwin S. George Reserve, University of Michigan | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.11 |
| Home Range | 0.64 | acres | Female | Juvenile | 9 | Edwin S. George Reserve, University of Michigan | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.9 |
Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | insects; % by volume; scat analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 952 scats | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus formerly Rana catesbeiana)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | See paper for weight to developmental stage relationship (Gosner stages 27-40) | g | Not Reported | Tadpole | 120 | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve, Livingston County [lat., 42.5N] | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | Referred to as "age at transformation"; range of snout-vent length at transformation = 35-57 mm | mo | Not Reported | Tadpole | 1051 | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve, Livingston County [lat., 42.5N] | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | July - Sept. | Not Reported | Tadpole | Not Reported | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve, Livingston County [lat., 42.5N] | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | 17.8 | Average distance between male frog and closest male neighbor within a chorus; also reported as a minimum territory radius of 9 ft. | ft | Male | Adult | 94 | Pond in E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5.9 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | Double clutching observed in 5 out of 73 females | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | 73 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutches or Litters per year | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | mm/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 22 | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 1 | age after metamorphosis; development of secondary sex characteristics | yr | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | age after metamorphosis when produced eggs | yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Survival/ Mortality | Non-breeding season survival; measured as # that returned to breed/# known to be alive at end of previous breeding season | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 25 - 54 | Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.42 | probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) | Male | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2 or 3 yrs | |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.52 | probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4 yrs |
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.23 | probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) | Male | Adult | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve | Exposure Factor Datasets | 5 yrs |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Coleoptera (2.3-6.5%), Wasps and bees (1.1-4.7%), Ants (0-3.5%), Homoptera (2.3-6.0%), Odonata (12.4-17.5%), Larval Lepidoptera (0.5-2.1%), Diptera (3.7-10.5%), Arachnids (0-3.2%), Miscellaneous terrestrial(10.5-11.1%), Hemiptera (19.2-23.2), Larval Odonata (3.4-5.0%), Larval Diptera (4.4-7.2%), Miscellaneous aquatic (1.9-7.4%), Frogs (5.1-14.5%), Metamorphosing Odonates (0-5.7%), Miscellaneous (1.8-7.3) | Percentage of bullfrog diet items | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 23-46 | Turkey Marsh, Kellogg Biological Station, Kalamazoo County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | yr | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve, Ann Arbor | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis ssp. sirtalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | earthworms (80%); amphibians (5%); mammals, caterpillars and leeches (5%) | % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 178 | Washtenaw County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | 2.07 | acres | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 1609 | Washtenaw County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 18 | young/litter | Female | Adult | 20 | Washtenaw County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Population Density | 482 | #/48 acres | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Washtenaw County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 0.25 | typical maximum distance between two roosting sites | mi | Both Male and Female | Adult | 11 home ranges | Superior and Ann Arbor townships | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 1 | bird/2000 acres | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 11 owls | Superior township | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Dietary Composition | white-footed mice (58.2%), meadow mice (28.0%), other small mammals (2.8%), medium sized mammals (5.1%), gamebirds and sm-med sized birds (4.8%), other birds (1.2%) | percent occurrence of prey items in pellets | Not Reported | Not Reported | 297 pellets from 14 owls | Superior township | Exposure Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | observed range of movement, based on observations of individuals | mi^2 | Not Reported | Adult | 8 birds | Superior Township | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. bairdii), Audubon's Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. neomexicanus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 28 | d | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 litters | captured in Rago, Kansas | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 28 | d | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 litters | captured in Rago, Kansas | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ssp. nebrascensis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | #/acre | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Edwin S. George Reserve, University of Michigan | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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