Mammals

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Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) reproductive parameters—Upper Chuckwalla Valley, California.

Author(s)
Randel III, C.J.
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.69 Pups/litter B Pup 32 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 0.3
Citation:

Desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) survival, Southeastern California.

Author(s)
Randel III, C.J. and Silvy, N.J.
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 80 Mortality % B 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA
Survival/ Mortality 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.868, pup-rearing: 0.944, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.752; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.891, pup-rearing: 1.000, annual: 0.892 Survival M Adult 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.014, pup-rearing: 0.0.14, dispersal: 0.000, annual: 0.010; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.023, pup-rearing: 0.000, annual: 0.017
Survival/ Mortality 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.885, pup-rearing: 0.1.000, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.885; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.836, pup-rearing: 0.923, annual: 0.772 Survival F Adult 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.0.033, pup-rearing: 0.000, dispersal: 0.0000, annual: 0.012; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.0.028, pup-rearing: 0.019, annual: 0.022
Survival/ Mortality 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.876, pup-rearing: 0..969, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.809; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.864, pup-rearing: 0.9640, annual: 0.833 Survival B Adult 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.019, pup-rearing: 0.001, dispersal: 0.000, annual: 0.012; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.019, pup-rearing: 0.011, annual: 0.014

Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

Citation:

Husbandry, overwinter care, and reproduction of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis).

Author(s)
Lariviere, S., Hwang, Y.T., Gorsuch, W.A. and Medill, S.A.
Issue
1
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 7 Offspring/litter B Neonate 3 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 5.5 Offspring/litter B Neonate 11 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 97.9 Survival >60 d post weaning % B 93 Delta Waterfowl and
Wetlands Research Station 		Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Current distributional status of the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis, in Baja California, Mexico.

Author(s)
Valdez-Villavicencio, J.H., Ruiz-Campos, G., Escobar-Flores, J., Guevara-Carrizales, A.A. and González-Guzmán, A.S.
Issue
4
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 1800 g F Adult 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Potential secondary hazards of Compound 1080 to three mammalian scavengers

Author(s)
Eastland, Warren G. and Samuel L. Beasom
Pages
232-233
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 165 mg administered to coyote (95%CI; 107 - 392 mg) LD50; based on dose given to coyote; skunks were fed contaminated coyote tissue Not Reported Not Reported 1-8 per dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative acute oral toxicity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) in mammals and birds

Author(s)
Savarie, Peter J., Huo Ping Pan, David J. Hayes, Jerry D. Roberts, Gary J. Dasch, Robert Felton and Edward W. Schafer, Jr.
Pages
122-126
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARA-AMINOPROPIOPHENONE > 400 mg/kg LD50 Not Reported Not Reported 2/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Coyote (Canis latrans)

Citation:

Demography and body condition of coyotes (Canis latrans) in eastern New Brunswick.

Author(s)
Dumond, M. and Villard, M.A.
Issue
3
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Body Fat (total or %) 10.8 % B Adult 15 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 2.5-4.0 y CANADA 1.1
Body Fat (total or %) 11.6 % B Adult 18 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 4.5-6.0 y CANADA 0.7
Body Fat (total or %) 11.4 % B Adult 19 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 6.5-8.0 y CANADA 1.1
Body Fat (total or %) 12.6 % B Adult 13 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets >8.0 y CANADA 1.1
Body Weight - Mean 11.3 kg B Juvenile 12 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5-2.0 y CANADA 0.3
Body Weight - Mean 12.5 kg B Adult 15 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets 2.5-4.0 y CANADA 0.5
Body Weight - Mean 13.1 kg F Both Adults and Juveniles 39 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.3
Body Weight - Mean 14.6 kg M Both Adults and Juveniles 38 Eastern New Brunswick Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.5
Citation:

Nutritional effects on reproductive performance of captive adult female coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)
Gese, E.M., Roberts, B.M. and Knowlton, F.F.
Volume
165
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size High diet: 6.0, low diet: 4.8 Pups F Adult 11 National Wildlife Research Center Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA High diet: 0.5, low diet: 0.26
Citation:

Coyote (Canis latrans) food habits in a tropical deciduous forest of western Mexico.

Author(s)
Hidalgo-Mihart, M.G., Cantú-Salazar, L., López-González, C.A., Martínez-Meyer, E. and González-Romero, A.
Issue
1
Volume
146
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Mammals: 72.7, birds: 7.3, reptiles: 16.4, insects: 12.7, crustaceans: 1, vegetable matter: 60 Frequency of occurrence B Both Adults and Juveniles 59 Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Comparison of coyote (Canis latrans) diets in continuous and fragmented short-grass prairie in the Texas Panhandle.

Author(s)
Kamler, J.F., Klare, U., Ballard, W.B., Wallace, M.C. and Gipson, P.S.
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Insect: 25.6, reptile: 1.5, bird: 3.0, small rodent: 27.0, large rodent: 27.9, leporidae: 12.2, cattle: 24.1, pronghorn: 1.4, unknown mammal: 0.2, crops: 12.3, other seeds: 5.0, other vegetation: 22.9 Frequency of occurrence, seasonal mean % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 280 Dallam County: continuous short-grass prairie Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Insect: 17.0, reptile: 0, bird: 6.7, small rodent: 37.3, large rodent: 30.3, leporidae: 18.2, cattle: 9.7, pronghorn: 1.7, crops: 16.6, other seeds: 2.2, other vegetation: 15.8 Frequency of occurrence, seasonal mean % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 186 Stratford: fragmented short-grass prairie Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Coyote (Canis latrans) diet in an urban environment: variation relative to pet conflicts, housing density, and season.

Author(s)
Poessel, S.A., Mock, E.C. and Breck, S.W.
Issue
4
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Rodents: 64, lagomorphs: 61, deer: 35, carnivores: 56, pets: 41, soricomorphs: 10, unknown: 14, native seeds: 27, non-native seeds: 35, unknown seeds: 19, trash: 27 Frequency by group NR Both Adults and Juveniles 64 Denver metro area Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Reproduction and body condition of California coyotes (Canis latrans).

Author(s)
Sacks, B.N.
Issue
5
Volume
86
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 6.6 pups B Pup 55 Central Western, Northwestern, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada bioregion Exposure Factor Datasets USA 2.2
Citation:

Functional feeding responses of coyotes, Canis latrans, to fluctuating prey abundance in the Curlew Valley, Utah, 1977–1993.

Author(s)
Bartel, R.A. and Knowlton, F.F.
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation for values: Lepus californicus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Reinthrodontomys megalotis, Lemmiscus curtatus, Menniscus curtatus, Perognathus parvus, Dipodomys spp., other rodents Prey identified by teeth in coyote scat NR Not Reported 39-58 Curlew Valley Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Survival and cause-specific mortality of adult coyotes (Canis latrans) in central Mississippi.

Author(s)
Chamberlain, M.J. and Leopold, B.D.
Issue
2
Volume
145
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 0.84 Breeding season survival % B Adult Tallahala Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.05
Survival/ Mortality 0.89 Winter season survival % B Adult Tallahala Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.04
Survival/ Mortality 0.98 Pup-rearing season survival % B Adult Tallahala Wildlife Management Area Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.01
Citation:

Canis latrans (Coyote) habitat use and feeding habits in central West Virginia.

Author(s)
Crimmins, S.M., Edwards, J.W. and Houben, J.M.
Issue
3
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 3 for values: Deer, rodent, lagmorph, avian, herptofauna, unknown mammal, plant 128 MeadWestvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research
Forest 		Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Fluoroacetate residues in ground squirrel and coyote tissues due to primary or secondary 1080 poisoning

Author(s)
Casper, Howard H., Michael E. Mount, Rex E. Marsh and Robert H. Schmidt
Pages
441-442
Year
Volume
69
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 535-9754 ppb all coyotes died after ingesting 1-2 ground squirrels poisoned with sodium monofluoroacetate Not Reported Pup 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Secondary hazards to coyotes of ground squirrels poisoned with 1080 or strychnine

Author(s)
Marsh, Rex. E., Robert H. Schmidt and Walter E. Howard
Pages
380-385
Year
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 0.240 - 0.625 mg 1080/kg coyote 5/6 coyotes died after eating squirrels contaminated with 1080 bait (sodium monofluroacetate) Not Reported Adult 4-6/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE increase @ 1.321 - 2.860 mg strychnine/kg coyote 1/4 coyotes died after ingesting contaminated ground squirrels Not Reported Adult 4/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Hazards to wildlife associated with 1080 baiting for California ground squirrels

Author(s)
Hegdal, Paul L., Kathleen A. Fagherstone, Thomas A. Gatz, James F. Glahn and George H. Matschke
Pages
11-21
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE increase @ 6.7 kg/ha 5/6 radio-equipped coyotes were found dead during post-treatment period Not Reported Not Reported 6 Exeter, Tulare Toxicity Factor Datasets Tulare
Citation:

Chlorinated benzenes as physiological markers for coyotes

Author(s)
Johnston, John J., Lamar A. Windberg, Carol A. Furcolow, Richard M. Engeman and Marianna Roetto
Pages
410-421
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PENTACHLOROBENZENE no effect mean body mass and appearance of eyes, gums, teeth and fur, compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2 - 12 yrs Laboratory

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:

Individual and population-level variability in diets of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus).

Author(s)
Johnston, D.S. and Fenton, M.B.
Issue
2
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Dietary Composition Acrididae: 16.1, Ceuthophilus californianus: 4.7, Gryllidae: 8.3, Stenopelmatus fuscus: 27.3, Microcentrum rhombifolium: 0.6, Diptera: 0.2, Lepidoptera: 5.8, Carabidae: 8.4, Prionus californicus: 1.0, Chilopoda: 11.8, Solpugidae: 7.8, Lycosidae: 7.8 Percentage of total volume % M Adult 116 Exposure Factor Datasets Marin USA
Dietary Composition Tytthotyle maculata: 9.9, Grylliacrididae: 1.0, Gryllus: 4.0, Diptera: 0.3, Lepidoptera: 5.7, Coleoptera: 2.3, Cyclocephla longula: 24.4, Tenebrionidae: 3.6, Edrotes ventricosus: 0.6, Hippomelas: 21.0, Tiphiidae: 1.5, Pentatomidae: 4.3, Geocoris: 0.1, Myrmeleontidae: 4.9, Solpugidae: 14.1 Percentage of total volume % M Adult 29 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:

Foods of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), in the Chihuahuan desert of western Texas.

Author(s)
Lenhart, P.A., Mata-Silva, V. and Johnson, J.D.
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Insecta: 81.3, arachnida: 17.2, reptilia: 0.9 % B Both Adults and Juveniles Not reported University of Texas at El Paso Indio Mountains Research Station Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) foraging over native and vineyard habitats in British Columbia, Canada.

Author(s)
Rambaldini, D.A. and Brigham, R.M.
Issue
9
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Arachnida: 0.8, insecta: 97.8, other: 1.6 Perent frequency B Both Adults and Juveniles 93 Nk'Mip Indian Band Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 5.8 ppm; range, 3.6-8.2 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris)

Citation:

Salt marsh harvest mouse demography and habitat use in the Suisun Marsh, California.

Author(s)
Sustaita, D., Quickert, P.F., Patterson, L., Barthman‐Thompson, L. and Estrella, S.
Issue
6
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Population Density Diked: 32.3, tidal: 18.9, mixed vegetation: 43.5, pickleweed: 27.2, upland grass: 6.1 mice/ha B Both Adults and Juveniles 72 Suisun Marsh Exposure Factor Datasets Solano USA Diked: 3.4, tidal: 2.5, mixed vegetation: 4.5, pickleweed: 2.5, upland grass: 1.5

Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)

Citation:

Abundance of mesocarnivores in two vegetation types in the southeastern region of Mexico.

Author(s)
Hernández-Sánchez, A., Santos-Moreno, A. and Pérez-Irineo, G.
Issue
2
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density Rainy season: 0.10, dry: 0.18 Estimated average density by season individuals/km2 NR Not Reported See citation Sierra de Oaxaca Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density Cloud forest: 0.26, semi-evergreen forest: 0.01 Estimated average density by vegetation type individuals/km2 NR Not Reported See citation Sierra de Oaxaca Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Current status of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) at the San Benito Archipelago, Mexico.

Author(s)
Elorriaga-Verplancken, F.R., Ferretto, G. and Angell, O.C.
Issue
4
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance F Adult See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance B Juvenile See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance B Pup See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density Review; See citation Table 4 Abundance B Pup See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance M Adult See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Population Density See citation Table 3 Abundance M Juvenile See citation San Benito Archipelao Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Transplacental transfer of organochlorines in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).

Author(s)
Greig, D.J., Ylitalo, G.M., Hall, A.J., Fauquier, D.A. and Gulland, F.
Issue
1
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 86 Maternal kg F Adult 20 Coastal sites Exposure Factor Datasets USA 15
Body Weight - Mean 5 Premature fetuses kg B Embryo 7 Coastal sites Exposure Factor Datasets Premature fetuses USA 2
Body Weight - Mean 7 Late-term fetuses kg B Embryo 9 Coastal sites Exposure Factor Datasets Late-term fetuses USA 1
Citation:

Survival rates of the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, in Mexico.

Author(s)
Hernández-Camacho, C.J., Aurioles-Gamboa, D., Laake, J. and Gerber, L.R.
Issue
4
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality See citation Table 5 Model estimates of age-specific survival probability B Pup See citation Los Islotes colony in southern Gulf of California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Survival/ Mortality 0.9 Model estimates of age-specific survival probability B Juvenile See citation Los Islotes colony in southern Gulf of California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Survival/ Mortality 0.904 Model estimates of age-specific survival probability for young adults B Adult See citation Los Islotes colony in southern Gulf of California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Survival/ Mortality 0.746 Model estimates of age-specific survival probability for old adults B Adult See citation Los Islotes colony in southern Gulf of California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Food consumption and growth of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus californianus).

Author(s)
Kastelein, R.A., Schooneman, N.M., Vaughan, N. and Wiepkema, P.R.
Issue
2
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Food Ingestion Rate See citation Figure 1 Annual food consumption B Both Adults and Juveniles 26 Harderwijk Marine Mammal Park Exposure Factor Datasets NETHERLANDS
Citation:

Sex differences in body size and body condition of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups from the Gulf of California.

Author(s)
Luque, S.P. and Aurioles‐Gamboa, D.
Issue
1
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 9.4 Newborn weight kg M Pup 9 Gulf of Mexico Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 0.35
Body Weight - Mean 7.7 Newborn weight kg F Pup 7 Gulf of Mexico Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 0.45
Citation:

Diet and feeding overlap of two otariids, Zalophus californianus and Arctocephalus townsendi: Implications to survive environmental uncertainty.

Author(s)
Aurioles-Gamboa, D. and Camacho-Ríos, F.J.
Issue
3
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Cephalopods: 25%, fishes: 65%, crustacean: 7% % occurrence NR Not Reported 289 scat samples San Benito Islands Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Citation:

Olfactory bulb uptake and determination of biotransfer factors in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) exposed to manganese and cadmium in environmental habitats.

Author(s)
Bench, G., Carlsen, T.M., Grant, P.G., Wollett, J.S., Martinelli, R.E., Lewis, J.L. and Divine, K.K
Issue
2
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Countries
Inhalation Rate 0.4 Air intake m3/d M Yearling 7 Altamont Hills Exposure Factor Datasets 9 m San Joaquin USA
Citation:

Size increase in high elevation ground squirrels over the last century.

Author(s)
Eastman, L.M., Morelli, T.L., Rowe, K.C., Conroy, C.J. and Moritz, C.
Issue
5
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean Historical: 551.97, modern: 527.09 Historical: 117, modern: 55 Exposure Factor Datasets USA Historical: 124.77, modern: 126.93

Broad-footed Mole (Scapanus latimanus)

Citation:

Scapanus latimanus.

Author(s)
Verts, B.J. and Carraway, L.N.
Volume
666
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean Review B Not Reported See citation Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size Review B Adult Exposure Factor Datasets

Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

Citation:

Factors associated with survival of reintroduced riparian brush rabbits in California.

Author(s)
Hamilton, L.P., Kelly, P.A., Williams, D.F., Kelt, D.A. and Wittmer, H.U.
Issue
4
Volume
143
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 87 % mortality NR Not Reported 325 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Reintroduced, captive-bred USA NR
Citation:

Home range size and habitat selection of reintroduced Sylvilagus bachmani riparius.

Author(s)
Kelt, D.A., Kelly, P.A., Phillips, S.E. and Williams, D.F.
Issue
3
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Home Range See citation Table 3 Overlap index B Not Reported 325 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Reintroduced, captive-bred USA
Citation:

Recovering the endangered riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius): reproduction and growth in confinement and survival after translocation.

Author(s)
Williams, D.F., Kelly, P.A., Hamilton, L.P., Lloyd, M.R., Williams, E.A. and Youngblom, J.J.
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 272.2 g B Juvenile 340 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born in propagation facillity USA 141.72
Survival/ Mortality 0.79 In captivity Survival rate B Not Reported 62 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born/raised in propagation facillity USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.86 In captivity Survival rate B Not Reported 278 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born/raised in propagation facillity USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.23 In captivity Survival rate B Not Reported 49 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born/raised in propagation facillity then released USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.22 In captivity Survival rate B Not Reported 196 San Joaquin River National
Wildlife Refuge 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Joaquin Born/raised in propagation facillity then released USA

California Vole (Microtus californicus)

Citation:

Rediscovery of a high-altitude vole, Microtus californicus, in Baja California, Mexico.

Author(s)
Harper, A., Mellink, E., Tremor, S. and Vanderplank, S.
Issue
4
Volume
61
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Population Density 1 Animal number M Adult 1 Sierra San Pedro
M´artir, Baja California, Mexico 		Exposure Factor Datasets Subadult MEXICO
Citation:

Increased diphacinone and chlorophacinone metabolism in previously exposed wild caught voles, Microtus californicus.

Author(s)
Horak, K.E., Volker, S.F. and Campton, C.M.
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 39.1 g F Not Reported 21 Davis, California Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo USA 2.5
Body Weight - Mean 39.4 g F Not Reported 25 Davis, California Exposure Factor Datasets Yolo USA 3.6
Body Weight - Mean 46.1 g M Not Reported 14 Castroville, California Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Previously exposed to anticoagulant rodenticides USA 3
Body Weight - Mean 35.2 g F Not Reported 11 Castroville, California Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Previously exposed to anticoagulant rodenticides USA 4.6

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Citation:

Influence of feeding chlorocholine chloride and glyphosine on selected immune parameters in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus

Author(s)
Olson, Leon J. and Ronald D. Hinsdill
Pages
103-114
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE increase @ 80 mg/kg bw/d plaque forming cells/g spleen Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROCHOLINE CHLORIDE decrease @ 80 mg/kg bw/d reciprocal of hemolysin titers (against sheep rbc) Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE increase @ 20, 80 mg/kg bw/d liver weight to body weight ratio Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE increased @ 1-80 mg/kg thymus weight to bw ratio Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
GLYPHOSATE increase@ 80 mg/kg bw/d white blood cell count Female Adult 12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dieldrin on homing and orientation in deer mice

Author(s)
Snyder, Ron L.
Pages
362-364
Year
Issue
2
Volume
38
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN decrease at 5 mg/kg homing, measured as number recaptured at pre-exposure site Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 15 animals/dose NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Lead poisoning in roadside populations of deer mice

Author(s)
Mierau, Gary W. and Blaise E. Favara
Pages
55-64
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect number of litters per 100 breeding females, measured by observing litters in nesting boxes at a control and roadside site Female Adult 50 nesting boxes, 66 observation periods nimals Interstate 25, Denver (elev. 1884-2018 m) Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS significant increase mortality during winter, estimated by number of mice recaptured the following breeding season at a control and roadside site Both Male and Female Adult 98 - 180 tagged animals Interstate 25, Denver (elev. 1884-2018 m) Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD ACETATE increase at 0.5 and 1% diet incidence of acid-fast staining intranuclear inclusion bodies within kidney proximal convoluted tubule cells Both Male and Female Adult 5 breeding pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 2-3 mo Laboratory
LEAD ACETATE no effect litter mortality Both Male and Female Adult 5 breeding pairs Toxicity Factor Datasets 2-3 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment: biomarker development and interpretration based on laboratory and wildlife species

Author(s)
Dickerson, Richard L., Michael J. Hooper, Nicholas W. Gard, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
65-69
Year
Issue
Supp.
Volume
102
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE (1,2,5,6-) 0.85 mg/kg/d ED50 for ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 - 8 wk Laboratory
DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE (7,12-) 0.026 mg/kg/d ED50 for immunosuppression, measured as suppression of plaque forming cell response Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 - 8 wk Laboratory
Citation:

Responses of small-mammal populations to a forest herbicide application in a 20-year-old conifer plantation

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P. and Druscilla S. Sullivan
Pages
95-106
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE no effect population density (decreases) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, British Columbia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of the organophosphate pesticide Counter on laboratory deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author(s)
Block, Elizabeth, K., Thomas E. Lacher, Jr. and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
377-383
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TERBUFOS increase @ 1.69 and 2.48 mg/kg Both Male and Female Not Reported 70 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TERBUFOS decrease at 1.69 and 2.48 mg/kg brain cholinesterase activity Both Male and Female Not Reported 70 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TERBUFOS increase @ 1.69 and 2.48 mg/kg incidence of tremors and rapid breathing Both Male and Female Not Reported 70 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Uptake of environmental contaminants by small mammals in pickleweed habitats of San Francisco Bay, California

Author(s)
Clark, Jr., Donald R., Kevin S. Foerster, Carolyn M. Marn and Roger L. Hothem
Pages
389-396
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS no effect incidence of liver and kidney histopathologies was not related to contaminant concentrations Not Reported Not Reported 26 animals salt marsh, San Pablo and San Francisco Bays Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of wide area ultra low volume application of malathion on small mammal populations

Author(s)
Erwin, William J. and Roger S. Sharpe
Pages
25-28
Year
Volume
5
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
MALATHION no effect population size in sprayed areas, compared to control areas Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Lexington, Dawson County Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Responses of a deer mouse population to a forest herbicide application: reproduction, growth, and survival

Author(s)
Sullivan, Thomas P. and Druscilla S. Sullivan
Year
Volume
59
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
GLYPHOSATE decrease number of hardwood trees in study area Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1 study area Maple Ridge, BC Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis)

Citation:

Accumulation pattern of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found stranded along coastal California, USA

Author(s)
Nakata, H., K. Kannan, L. Jing, N. Thomas, S. Tanabe and J.P. Giesy
Pages
45-53
Year
Volume
103
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increase otters that died from infectious diseases contained higher liver DDTs concentrations that those that died of trauma Both Male and Female Adult 4-8 Toxicity Factor Datasets

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Primary and secondary hazards of three rodenticides to kit fox

Author(s)
Schitoskey, Frank, Jr.
Pages
416-418
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 0.22 mg/kg bw (95% CI; 0.15 - 0.34 mg/kg) LD50 Not Reported Adult 2 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE 0.75 mg/kg bw (95% CI; 0.33-1.69 mg/kg) LD50 Not Reported Adult 2 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Citation:

Effects of chemical smokes on flora and fauna under field and laboratory exposures

Author(s)
Schaeffer, D.J., Edward W. Novak, William R. Lower, Armon Yanders, Shubendar Kapila and Richard Wang
Pages
301-315
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
HEXACHLOROETHANE decrease mean chromosomal abberrations per cell, compared to controls (not exposed to obscurant smoke) Not Reported Not Reported 3-4/group Goldstone, Fort Irwin Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of low OP dose on seed/bead discrimination in the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys

Author(s)
Peterle, T. J. and R. Bentley
Pages
95-100
Year
Volume
43
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION no effect discrimination between seeds and beads Both Male and Female Adult 22 animals Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
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