Birds

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Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Dieldrin and DDT effects on reproduction and some hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
302-314
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIELDRIN 0.3 ug/g dry wt. @ 0 ppm; 0.9 - 5.0 @ 1 ppm; 4.1 - 40.1 @ 5ppm; 6.1 - 78.5 @ 10 ppm dieldrin concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Kelly, M.E., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman and S.J. Bursian
Pages
673-687
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 10.3(0.7) ppm in femur, 14.1(0.6) ppm in liver, 6.8(0.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt tungsten concentrations in tissues of tungsten-iron-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 250.6(39.0) ppm in femur, 78.3(9.7) ppm in liver, 256.3(22.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt lead concentrations in tissues of lead-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS 4.3(0.7) ppm in femur, non-detect. in liver, 2.4(0.2) in kidneys mean(SE) dry wt tungsten concentrations in tissues of tungsten-polymer-dosed birds Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Aroclor 1242 and reproductive success of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Haseltine, Susan D. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1242 105.0 (7.7 SE) mg Aroclor 1260/kg egg @ 150 ppm PCB concentration in eggs (PCB resembled Aroclor 1260 profile most closely) Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1242 no effect @ 150 ppm weight and survival of offspring (exposed in ovo) fed control diet after hatching for 3 wks Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dicofol on mallard eggshell quality

Author(s)
Bennett, Jewel K., Stephen E. Dominguez and William L. Griffis
Pages
907-912
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL no effect mean daily food consumption rate (169.8 g food/kg body weight) Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DICOFOL 2-12% decrease @ 10-100 ug/g eggshell thickness, compared to controls Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior of mallard ducklings from parents fed 3 ppm DDE

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
640-645
Year
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) decrease @ 3ppm decrease in distance traveled in those offspring that traveled more than 10 cm from a frightening stimulus Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 64-71 offspring/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of adult mallard age on avian reproductive tests

Author(s)
Gile, Jay D. and S. Mark Meyers
Pages
751-56
Year
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased number of eggs produced, egg weight, eggshell thickness compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 24 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 and 11 months old Laboratory
CHLORPYRIFOS no effect fertility and hatchability of eggs, and duckling survival to 14 days Not Reported Juvenile 24 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 and 11 months old Laboratory
Citation:

Recovery of brain and plasma cholinesterase activities in ducklings exposed to organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, James W.
Pages
215-229
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
FENTHION 61% maximal brain acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition compared to control (4 hrs post-dose) Not Reported Juvenile 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day old Laboratory
DICROTOPHOS, FENTHION 68-78% maximal brain acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition compared to control (after 3 days treatmentt) Not Reported Juvenile 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of exposure to carbofuran-sprayed vegetation on the behavior, cholinesterase activity and growth of mallard ducklings (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Martin, Pamela A., Keith R. Solomon, Douglas J. Forsyth, Herman J. Boermans and Neil D. Westcott
Pages
901-909
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CARBOFURAN increased @ 264 g/ha (150, 300 m exposure distance) latency of approach to stimulus compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CARBOFURAN decreased @ 132 g/ha (150, 300 m exposure distances), 264 g/ha (all exposure distances) brain cholinesterase activities compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
472-485
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIAZINON decreased @ 2.0 lb/acre crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 8 of incubation Laboratory
MALATHION 49.5 lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 3 or 8 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds in the wild mallard duckling: Effect of leptophos

Author(s)
Herin, R.A., A.A. Komeil, Doyle G. Graham, A. Curley and M.B. Abou-Donia
Pages
233-240
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEPTOPHOS decreased @ 260 ppm body weight growth compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
LEPTOPHOS 5/5 @ 260 ppm incidence of ataxia Both Male and Female Juvenile 3-5/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of plumage contamination with crude oil dispersant mixtures on thermoregulation in common eiders and mallards

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro and Morten Ekker
Pages
398-403
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS increase metabolic heat production (watts/kg), compared to pre-contamination levels Not Reported Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Some effects of DDE and PCB on mallards and their eggs

Author(s)
Risebrough, Robert W. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
508-513
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 19% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens/dose; 8 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) see citation figure of # eggs/female/wk over time Female Adult 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic ingestion of south Louisiana crude oil on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C., Michael P. Dieter, Gary H. Heinz and John F. Ferrell
Pages
426-436
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2.5 - 5% incidence of liver hypertrophy and splenic atropy Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 2.5 - 5% hematocrit, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-8 wks post-hatch Laboratory
Citation:

Enzyme changes in mallard ducks fed iron or lead shot

Author(s)
Rozman, Robert S., Louis N. Locke and S. Finley McClure III
Pages
435-445
Year
Issue
3
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) increased @ 8 #four iron shot incidence of inclusion bodies in kidney vs controls Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) no effect serum enzyme levels versus controls (at 30 or 60 d post dose) Male Adult 2/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphorothioic acid-o-ethyl-o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Louis Sileo
Pages
284-294
Year
Volume
73
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EPN decreased @ 12, 36 ug/g plasma cholinesterase activity, hemoglobin and uric acid content Not Reported Hatchling 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
Citation:

Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
261-269
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 0.58 (+/- 0.19); lead-iron: 0.25 (+/- 0.02) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in liver (mean +/- SE) Male Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased with increasing lead in bone number of eggs laid Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
Citation:

Sublethal effects of chronic lead ingestion in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
929-937
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD NITRATE no effect body weight and food consumption versus controls Male Adult 20/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Lead poisoning in waterfowl from the Ebro Delta, Spain: Calculation of lead exposure thresholds for mallards

Author(s)
Guitart, R., J. To-Figueras, R. Mateo, A. Bertolero, S. Cerradelo and A. Martinez-Vilalta
Pages
289-293
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.822 (0.059-21.60) ppm wet wt geometric mean liver concentration (range) Not Reported Not Reported 39 birds Ebro Delta Natural Park Toxicity Factor Datasets ITALY
LEAD COMPOUNDS 1.367 (<0.05-29.80) geometric mean concentration in kidneys (range) Not Reported Not Reported 39 birds Ebro Delta Natural Park Toxicity Factor Datasets ITALY
Citation:

Interactive effects of arsenate, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
55-62
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm Se, 200 ppm As growth rate of body weight versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 60 ppm Se glutathione peroxidase activity versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
Citation:

Acid precipitation and food quality: effects of dietary Al, Ca, and P on bone and liver characteristics in American black ducks and mallards

Author(s)
Sparling, Donald W.
Pages
281-288
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ALUMINUM SULFATE decreased on LL and LH diets femur mass and mean breaking force (LL, LH vs. NN diets) after 2 wks of treatment Not Reported Juvenile 12-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ALUMINUM SULFATE decreased with LL and LH diets femur breaking strength (LL,LH vs. NN diets) after 10 wks of treatment Not Reported Juvenile 12-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on survival and growth of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W. and Ellen A. Pafford
Pages
737-745
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
NICKEL SULFATE no effect organ wt:body wt ratios Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
NICKEL SULFATE 1.0-22.7 (liver), 2.7-74.4 (kidney) ppm, wet wt Ni concentrations (ranges) in liver and kidney in ducklings that died @ 1200 ppm Both Male and Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of low dietary levels of methyl mercury on mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
386-392
Year
Issue
4
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE decreased @ 3 ppm mean egg weight compared to controls Female Adult 10 females, 3 males/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE 1 (@ 0.5 ppm), 6.46-9.19 (@ 3 ppm) ppm in eggs mercury concentrations in eggs (at plateau) Female Adult 10 females, 3 males/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-DL-methionine, high selenium wheat, and selenized yeast to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., David J. Hoffman and Leonard J. LeCaptain
Pages
93-99
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-met or yeast body weight compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day Laboratory
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-L-met survival rate compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day Laboratory
Citation:

Hepatic glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in response to excess dietary selenomethionine and selenite in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Gary H. Heinz and Alexander J. Krynitsky
Pages
263-271
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM increased @ 40 ppm (12.5%) mortality compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary cadmium on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W., Lou Sileo, J. Christian Franson and John Moore
Pages
286-297
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect body weight, liver weight, and femur density compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 12 birds per timexdose treatment day old Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Interactive effects of boron, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
288-294
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 10.8 (@ 15 ppm Se), 56.0 (@ 60 ppm) ppm Se, wet wt
11.0 (@ 1000 ppm B) ppm B, wet wt 		geometric mean Se and B concentrations in liver Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on selected cells of the mallard immune system

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E. and Michael D. Samuel
Pages
1-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 1.21 (0.78), blood; 2.32 (1.10), liver; 131.13 (90.94), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Female Adult 24 birds Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Sacramento
Citation:

Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on bird's eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., William C. Eastin, Jr. and Martha L. Gay
Pages
230-241
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 5, 15 ul/egg red blood cell and liver ALAD activity, hemoglobin concentration, plasma uric acid, and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 100 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets days 2-16 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of DDE on the Ca metabolism of the duck eggshell gland and its subcellular fractions; Relations to the functional stage

Author(s)
Lundholm, C.E.
Pages
5-12
Year
Volume
78
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 28% decrease @ 40 mg/kg eggshell index (shell weight/shell length x breadth), compared to control Female Adult 9-20/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of petroleum on adrenocortical activity and on hepatic naphthalene-metabolizing activity in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Gorsline, J. and W.N. Holmes
Pages
765-777
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 0.5, 1, 3% hepatic microsomal naphthalene metabolism (nmol/min/mg protein) Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Oil and related toxicant effects on mallard immune defenses

Author(s)
Rocke, T.E., T.M. Yuill and R.D. Hinsdill
Pages
343-352
Year
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight, gross lesions or signs of clinical illness, compared to controls Male Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of crude oil on mallard embryos on day one of development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J.
Pages
632-637
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1, 5 ul % abnormal survivors, compared to controls Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1d of development Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of white phosphorus to waterfowl: Acute exposure to mallards

Author(s)
Sparling, Donald W., Mary Gustafson, Patrice Klein and Natalie Karouna-Renier
Pages
187-197
Year
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) 6.96 mg/kg bw (2.66-8.96 95% CI) 24 hour median lethal dose Female Adult 6 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of Aroclor 1254 on the thyroid gland, immune function and hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in mallards

Author(s)
Fowles, Jefferson R., Anne Fairbrother, Kimberly A. Trust and Nancy I. Kerkvliet
Pages
119-129
Year
Volume
75
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased @ 100, 250, 500 mg/kg bw thyroid wt/body wt and liver wt/body wt ratios versus controls Male Adult 6-12/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-2 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic and reproductive toxicity of emamectin benzoate to mallard ducks and northern bobwhite quail

Author(s)
O'Grodnick, Joseph S., Peter G. Wislocki, Kevin P. Keenan, Joann B. Beavers, Larry T. Frey, and Mark Jaber
Pages
2318-2324
Year
Issue
11
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE no effect microscopic changes to brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 22 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival

Author(s)
Stanley, Thomas R., Jr., Gregory J. Smith, David J. Hoffman, Gary H. Heinz, and Roger Rosscoe
Pages
1124-1132
Year
Issue
7
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE reduced @ 900 ppm B body weight versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman, L. Sileo, D.J. Audet, and L.J. LeCaptain
Pages
323-333
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS no effect body weight versus controls Male Adult 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 5 mo Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS increased @ 869 and 954 ug/g protoporphyrin versus corn or complete diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of mercury and selenium on glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., and Gary H. Heinz
Pages
161-166
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 10 ppm Se hepatic GSSG reductase activity versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of ingested bismuth alloy shot in game-farm mallards: Chronic health effects and effects on reproduction

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Karen L. Duncan, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey D. Brawn and James W. Seets
Pages
217-252
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) increased with Fe weight of eggs that hatched versus controls Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine on several immune functions in mallards.

Author(s)
Fairbrother, A. and J. Fowles
Pages
836-844
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased blood monocyte counts after 78 days exposure versus controls Male Adult Controls = 24
Treated = 8 		Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Interactive effects of selenium, methionine, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings.

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J., C.J. Sanderson, L.J. LeCaptain, E. Cromartie and G.W. Pendleton
Pages
163-171
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 15 (GSH-peroxidase only), 60 ppm Se, adequate protein plasma GSH-peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ALDICARB 6.73 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 30 days Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of DDT on eggshell quality and calcium adenosine triphosphatase

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
699-704
Year
Volume
3
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell weight versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction on energy metabolism and tissue metal concentrations in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Di Giulio, R.T. and P.F. Scanlon
Pages
433-444
Year
Volume
37
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect brain, liver, kidney, testes weights versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of organic and inorganic selenium to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman and L.G. Gold
Pages
561-568
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 40, 80 ppm selenite or selenomethionine duckling mortality versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDT thins shells of eggs from mallard ducks maintained on ad libitum or controlled-feeding regimes

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
222-232
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) decrease @ 20 - 200 ppm eggshell thickness, weight and calcium concentration Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lindane, paraquat, toxaphene and 2,4,5-trichlorphenoxyacetic acid on mallard embryo development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LINDANE 62 lbs AI/acre (slope = 8.13) for exposure of 3d embryo; 52 lbs AI/acre (slope = 9.19) for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 or 8d of development Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of ingested crude oil on thryoid hormones and on the mixed function oxidase system in ducks

Author(s)
Jenssen, Bjorn Munro, Morten Ekker and Kolbjorn Zahlsen
Pages
213-216
Year
Volume
95
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS 53% increase plasma triiodothryonine concentration Not Reported Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Tissue-specific bioenergetic effects and increased enzymatic activities following acute sublethal peroral exposure to cyanide in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Ma, Juntao and Chris A. Pritsos
Pages
297-302
Year
Volume
142
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CYANIDE decreased @ all doses ATP levels in liver and brain tissues versus controls Female Adult 5/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of dietary calcium on lead poisoning in mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Carlson, Brent L. and Svend W. Nielsen
Pages
276-282
Year
Issue
1
Volume
46
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased in all groups dosed with lead shot incidence of clinical signs, weight loss, breast muscle atrophy Both Male and Female Adult treatment = 10/group
control = 5 		Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of selenium in the diet of mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Gary H. Heinz
Pages
477-490
Year
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENITE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 25 ppm (selenite), 10 ppm (selenomethionine) hatchability compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5-11 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Effects of carbaryl grasshopper control on nesting killdeer in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M, Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Pages
881-890
Year
Issue
5
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CARBARYL no effect brain acetylcholinesterase activity Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Shell thinning in eggs of Ungava peregrines

Author(s)
Berger, Daniel D., Daniel W. Anderson, James D. Weaver, and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
265-267
Year
Volume
84
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 12.7 +/- 8.7 ppm (wet wt), 253 +/- 160 ppm (lipid wt) mean (+/-SE) DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 10 eggs Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Long term trends and sources of organochlorine contamination in Canadian tundra peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus tundrius

Author(s)
Johnstone, Robin M., Gordon S. Court, Adrian C. Fesser, D. Mark Bradley, Lynn W. Oliphant, and James D. MacNeil
Pages
109-120
Year
Issue
2
Volume
93
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS liver: 1.58-59.45, PCBs; 0.99-18.84, DDE; 0.06-0.79, dieldrin
breast: 0.35-57.30, PCBs; 0.30-16.95, DDE; 0-0.19, dieldrin 		range of residues in liver and breast muscle (ppm, wet wt) of 22-31 day old nestlings found dead Not Reported Juvenile 7 birds Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines and mercury in the eggs of British peregrines Falco peregrinus

Author(s)
Newton, I., J.A. Bogan, and M.B. Haas
Pages
353-376
Year
Volume
131
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
MERCURY (elemental) brood size = 0.848 - 0.635(log DDE) - 0.271(log Hg) linear regression of brood size vs mercury and DDE concentrations in eggs Female Adult 60 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets UNITED KINGDOM

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Parathion accumulation in cricket frogs and its effect on American kestrels

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Haydee de Chacin, Oliver H. Pattee and Thair G. Lamont
Pages
921-927
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PARATHION 25% at 4.6 ppm Not Reported Adult 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic dietary lead in American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Franson, J. Christian, Louis Sileo, Oliver H. Pattee and John F. Moore
Pages
110-113
Year
Issue
2
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect mean packed cell volume and red blood cell hemoglobin Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Methyl parathion and fenvalerate toxicity in American kestrels: acute physiological responses and effects of cold

Author(s)
Rattner, Barnett A. and J. Christian Franson
Pages
787-792
Year
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLPARATHION increased at 2, 3 mg/kg bw abnormal posture, ataxia, paresis Both Male and Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dietary exposure of kestrels to lead

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C.
Pages
527-530
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS 7.63 (1.03 SE) ppm at 29.3 ppm mean lead concentration (wet wt) in bone Female Adult 3/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE at Low Dietary Levels Kills Captive American Kestrels

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
193-199
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 232.9 ppm (dry wt) mean brain residues in birds that survived Male Adult 11 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Birds of prey, DDT, and tussock moths in Pacific Northwest

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
397-411
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect mean productivity (young produced) Both Male and Female Adult 21 eggs La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 on the semen characteristics of American kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague
Pages
633-640
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254, MIREX 73.3% increase @ 8ppm mirex + 33 ppm Aroclor semen volume Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolism and storage of p,p' dicofol

Author(s)
Schwarzbach, S.E., D. Michael Fry, B.E. Rosson and David M. Bird
Pages
206-210
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL 82.36 (fat), 4.93 (liver), 1.15 (brain), 0.84 (oviduct) ug/g @ 3.0 mg/kg bw/d sum of geometric mean tissue concentrations (wet wt) of dicofol and metabolites (dichlorobenzophenone, mono-dechlorinated dicofol, dichlorobenzhydrol, DDE) Female Adult 2-4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Possible mechanisms for sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in eastern screech-owls and American kestrels

Author(s)
Vyas, N.B., L.A. Thiele, S.C. Garland
Pages
151-157
Year
Volume
120
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CARBOFURAN decreased to 35% of controls brain cholinesterase activity in birds that died Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Developmental Toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Mark J. Melancon, Patrice N. Klein, Clifford P. Rice, John D. Eisemann, Randy K. Hines, James W. Spann, and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
188-200
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) in ng/g, wet wt: 156 (@ 50 ng/g), 380 (@ 250 ng/g), 1098 (@1000 ng/g) concentration in liver Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and effects on reproduction in captive American kestrels fed selenomethionine

Author(s)
Santolo, Gary M., Julie T. Yamamoto, Jacqueline M. Pisenti, Barry W. Wilson
Pages
502-511
Year
Issue
2
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE egg Se concentration = 1.307 + 0.852(diet Se concentration) relation between Se concentrations in egg (dry wt) and diet (dry wt) Female Adult 53 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects of urban pesticide applications on nesting success of songbirds

Author(s)
Brehmer, Paul M. and Raymond K. Anderson
Pages
352-359
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CARBARYL decreased at 1196 ppm carbaryl plasma cholinesterase activity Both Male and Female Nestling 37 nests Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on captive mourning dove survivability and reproduction

Author(s)
Buerger, Theodore T., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
1-8
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect mortality Female Adult 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on mourning dove reproduction and circulating progesterone levels

Author(s)
Koval, P.J., T.J. Peterle and J.D. Harder
Pages
663-670
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 increased at 10 ppm interval from nest occupation to egg-laying Female Adult 10-13/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Survival and cover-seeking response of northern bobwhites and mourning doves dosed with aldicarb`

Author(s)
Hawkes, Anthony W., Larry W. Brewer, James F. Hobson, Michael J. Hooper and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
1538-1543
Year
Issue
9
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ALDICARB no effect daily survival rate in dosed wild birds Not Reported Adult 9-12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Is the operational use of strychnine to control ground squirrels detrimental to burrowing owls?

Author(s)
James, Paul C., Glen A. Fox and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
120-123
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE decrease adult body weight Both Male and Female Adult 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

First records of chlordane-related mortality in wild birds

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Charles J. Henny
Pages
196-198
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of mortality as a result of organochlorine poisoning Female Adult 1 owl 6 km s. of Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Productivity and survival of great horned owls exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Frank, Rosemary A. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
331-339
Year
Volume
101
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN no effect daily survival rates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Adult 9 birds on contaminated sites; 11 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Trophic accumulation of DDT in a terrestrial food web

Author(s)
Rudd, R.L., R.B. Craig and W.S. Williams
Pages
219-228
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see figure figure showing concentration of DDT and metabolites in skin and brains before and after application Not Reported Not Reported 27 birds (3-4/sampling time) 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase-inducing potency in ovo and cytosolic Ah receptor binding affinity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: comparison of four avian species

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
131-145
Year
Volume
132
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) observed at 3, 10, 100 ug/kg mortality Not Reported Hatchling 6-10 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs

Author(s)
Powell, Debra C., Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Donald E. Tillit, Jon F. Powell, Janelle C. Restum, Kenneth L. Stromborg, John P. Giesy and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
1450-1455
Year
Issue
7
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased at 400, 800 ug/kg egg incidence of embryo mortality versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased @ 5 ug/kg weight of heart, liver and spleen versus controls Not Reported Embryo 15-60/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Double-crested cormorants of the Great Lakes: egg-laying parameters, reproductive failure, and contaminant residues in eggs, Lake Huron 1972-1973.

Author(s)
Weseloh, D. Vaughn, Stanley M. Teeple, and Michael Gilbertson
Pages
427-436
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4% mean hatching success in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 331 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
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