Birds

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Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Eggshell thinning and organochlorine residues in Rocky Mountain peregrines, Falco peregrinus, and their prey

Author(s)
Enderson, James H., Gerald R. Craig, William A. Burnham, and Daniel D. Berger
Pages
255-264
Year
Issue
3
Volume
96
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 21:0.09 ratio of average concentration of DDE in eggs to average concentration of DDE in prey items Female Adult 12 prey species, pooled samples of 7-10 individuals Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Environmental contaminants in Canadian peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus: a toxicological assessment

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., David G. Noble, John E. Elliot, James D. Somers, and Gary Erickson
Pages
244-254
Year
Issue
2
Volume
104
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
MERCURY COMPOUNDS review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various avian species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Long term trends and sources of organochlorine contamination in Canadian tundra peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus tundrius

Author(s)
Johnstone, Robin M., Gordon S. Court, Adrian C. Fesser, D. Mark Bradley, Lynn W. Oliphant, and James D. MacNeil
Pages
109-120
Year
Issue
2
Volume
93
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS males: 0.15 (0-3.27; PCBs); 0.31 (0.05-1.95; DDE); 0.03 (0-0.30; dieldrin)
females: 0.87 (0-6.82; PCBs); 0.63 (0-4.23; DDE); 0.04 (0-0.37; dieldrin) 		geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of adult birds Both Male and Female Adult 26 males, 34 females Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines and mercury in the eggs of British peregrines Falco peregrinus

Author(s)
Newton, I., J.A. Bogan, and M.B. Haas
Pages
353-376
Year
Volume
131
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
DDE (4,4'-) eggshell thickness index = 1.799 - 0.243(log DDE) linear regression of eggshell thickness index vs. log DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult 295 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets eggs were addled and/or deserted UNITED KINGDOM

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Survival, growth, and accumulation of ingested lead in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Christian J. Franson, Oliver H. Pattee, Christine M. Bunck and Allen Anderson
Pages
89-94
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increase at 125, 625 mg/kg bw
7.2, 15.5 ppm at 125, 625 mg/kg bw, respectively 		kidney lead concentrations Both Male and Female Nestling 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Eggshell thickness and reproduction in American kestrels exposed to chronic dietary lead

Author(s)
Pattee, Oliver H.
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) no effect lead concentration in eggshell Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) 62.0 ppm tibia, 13.5 ppm humeri at 50 ppm lead concentrations in bones Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dietary exposure of kestrels to lead

Author(s)
Stendell, Rey C.
Pages
527-530
Year
Issue
2
Volume
44
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) 28.70 (2.6 SE) ppm at 49 mg/d mean lead concentration (wet wt) in bone Female Adult 3/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.357 (0.012 SE) ppm at 29.3 ppm mean lead concentration (wet wt) in liver Female Adult 3/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Acute toxicity of four anticholinesterase insecticides to American kestrels, eastern screech owls, and northern bobwhites

Author(s)
Wiemeyer, Stanley N. and Donald W. Sparling
Pages
1139-1148
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CARBOFURAN 83% (4.3 SD) mean brain cholinesterase depression (relative to control) in birds that died in 8 hrs post-dose Both Male and Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Birds of prey, DDT, and tussock moths in Pacific Northwest

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
397-411
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 6.42 ppm mean DDT concentration in eggs 0-0.8 mi from sprayed area Both Male and Female Embryo 21 eggs La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 10.4% decrease change in mean eggshell thickness (relative to control) 0-0.8 miles from sprayed area Female Adult 21 eggs La Grande-Enterprise (OR), Potlatch (ID) Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Synergistic effects of Aroclor 1254 on the semen characteristics of American kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, D.M., P.H. Tucker, G.A. Fox and P.C. Lague
Pages
633-640
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
MIREX 40.3% decrease @ 8 ppm sperm concentration Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
MIREX no effect sperm motility Male Adult 5-10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Short-term effects of oil ingestion on American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Pattee, Oliver H. and J. Chrisian Franson
Pages
235-241
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS no effect various hematological measurements (packed cell volume, erythrocyte counts, plasma uric acid, plasma alanine aminotransferase) Both Male and Female Juvenile 16/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Possible mechanisms for sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in eastern screech-owls and American kestrels

Author(s)
Vyas, N.B., L.A. Thiele, S.C. Garland
Pages
151-157
Year
Volume
120
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CARBOFURAN increased at 63.4, 126.8, 253.6 ppm mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
FENTHION decreased to 10% of control levels brain cholinesterase activity of birds that died Both Male and Female Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Developmental Toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Mark J. Melancon, Patrice N. Klein, Clifford P. Rice, John D. Eisemann, Randy K. Hines, James W. Spann, and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
188-200
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) no effect hematocrit and hemoglobin values versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) increased @ 50,250,1000 ng/g bw hepatic monooxygenase activities versus controls Not Reported Nestling 9-11/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 1-Day 10 Laboratory
Citation:

Comparative toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls to Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Elliot, John E., Sean W. Kennedy, Angela Lorenzen
Pages
57-75
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1254 decreased after 4 weeks liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity versus controls Female Adult 4/treatment group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic dietary lead in American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Franson, J. Christian, Louis Sileo, Oliver H. Pattee and John F. Moore
Pages
110-113
Year
Issue
2
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decrease at 10, 50 ppm mean blood delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE at Low Dietary Levels Kills Captive American Kestrels

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
193-199
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 984.1-1438.6 ppm (dry wt) brain residues in birds that died Male Adult 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolism and storage of p,p' dicofol

Author(s)
Schwarzbach, S.E., D. Michael Fry, B.E. Rosson and David M. Bird
Pages
206-210
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL 8.11 (fat), 0.28 (liver) ug/g @ 0.3 mg/kg bw/d sum of geometric mean tissue concentrations (wet wt) of dicofol and metabolites (dichlorobenzophenone, mono-dechlorinated dicofol, dichlorobenzhydrol, DDE) Female Adult 2-4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and effects on reproduction in captive American kestrels fed selenomethionine

Author(s)
Santolo, Gary M., Julie T. Yamamoto, Jacqueline M. Pisenti, Barry W. Wilson
Pages
502-511
Year
Issue
2
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE blood Se concentration = 1.307 + 0.852(diet Se concentration) relation between Se concentrations in blood (dry wt) and diet (dry wt) Male Adult 40 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Toxicity of Zectran insecticide to several wildlife species

Author(s)
Tucker, Richard K. and D. Glen Crabtree
Pages
1307-1310
Year
Issue
6
Volume
62
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
MEXACARBATE 2.83 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Not Reported 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on captive mourning dove survivability and reproduction

Author(s)
Buerger, Theodore T., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Pages
1-8
Year
Issue
1
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) decreased hatchability Not Reported Hatchling 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) no effect body weight at hatch Not Reported Hatchling 25 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the blood of mourning doves dosed with lead

Author(s)
Castrale, John S., and Mark Oster
Pages
265-272
Year
Volume
102
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) increased at all doses lead concentrations in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
LEAD (elemental) decreased at all doses delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)activity in blood Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Long-term effects of 4-aminopyridine exposure to birds and fish

Author(s)
Schafer, E.W., Jr. and L.L. Marking
Pages
807-811
Year
Issue
4
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AMINOPYRIDINE (4-) 316 ppm dietary LC50 Not Reported Adult 6/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of urban pesticide applications on nesting success of songbirds

Author(s)
Brehmer, Paul M. and Raymond K. Anderson
Pages
352-359
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ACEPHATE, CARBARYL, DIAZINON no effect percent nest success, eggs hatched, and nestlings fledged Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 37 nests Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival and cover-seeking response of northern bobwhites and mourning doves dosed with aldicarb`

Author(s)
Hawkes, Anthony W., Larry W. Brewer, James F. Hobson, Michael J. Hooper and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
1538-1543
Year
Issue
9
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ALDICARB 0.82 LD50 mg/kg bw Not Reported Adult 50 birds total Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ENDRIN brain=greater than or equal to 0.8 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1-3 animals Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)

Citation:

Is the operational use of strychnine to control ground squirrels detrimental to burrowing owls?

Author(s)
James, Paul C., Glen A. Fox and Thomas J. Ethier
Pages
120-123
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
STRYCHNINE no effect number of chicks produced per successful pair Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
STRYCHNINE no effect chick mass index Both Male and Female Juvenile 27 pr Saskatchewan Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Organochlorine toxicants in great horned owls from New York, 1981-82

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B., and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
1-7
Year
Issue
1
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to PCB intoxication, based on brain residues Female Adult 1 owl Greene County Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Productivity and survival of great horned owls exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Frank, Rosemary A. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
331-339
Year
Volume
101
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN negative correlation relationship between residue in plasma and survival Not Reported Juvenile 6 birds (contaminated sites), 10 birds (uncontaminated sites) Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect daily and interval survival estimates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Juvenile 14 birds on contaminated sites; 41 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)

Citation:

Residues in common flicker and mountain bluebird eggs one year after a DDT application

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Roger A. Olson and Dennis L. Meeker
Pages
115-122
Year
Issue
2
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 8 eggs (reference), 12 eggs (treatment) NE Oregon, SE Washington, Idaho Toxicity Factor Datasets

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in double-crested cormorant chicks (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Author(s)
Sanderson, J. Thomas, Ross J. Norstrom, John E. Elliott, Leslie E. Hart, Kimberly M. Cheng and Gail D. Bellward
Pages
247-265
Year
Volume
41
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive regression linear regression of hepatic EROD activity or cyt P450 content on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative regression linear regression of wing length on Toxic Equivalency Factors Not Reported Hatchling 5-12 eggs/dose Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Reproductive failures of double-crested cormorants in southern California and Baja California

Author(s)
Gress, Franklin, Robert W. Risebrough, Daniel W. Anderson, Lloyd F. Kiff and Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Pages
197-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 28.8% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 17 eggs Anacapa Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 38.3% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 23 eggs Los Coronados Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Double-crested cormorants of the Great Lakes: egg-laying parameters, reproductive failure, and contaminant residues in eggs, Lake Huron 1972-1973.

Author(s)
Weseloh, D. Vaughn, Stanley M. Teeple, and Michael Gilbertson
Pages
427-436
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 95% percent of eggs lost or broken before hatching in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 235 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 23.9% thinner eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 eggshells in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 18 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation

Author(s)
Powell, Debra, Richard J. Aulerich, John C. Meadows, Don E. Tillitt, Mary E. Kelly, Kenneth L. Stromborg, Mark J. Melancon, Scott D. Fitzgerald, and Steven J. Bursian
Pages
2035-2040
Year
Issue
10
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) decreased @ 349 ug/kg egg spleen weights in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) decreased @ 5.4, 11.7 ug/kg egg spleen weights in treated embryos versus controls Not Reported Embryo 83-86 eggs/treatment Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction on energy metabolism and tissue metal concentrations in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Di Giulio, R.T. and P.F. Scanlon
Pages
433-444
Year
Volume
37
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet kidney Zn concentration versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
CADMIUM CHLORIDE no effect BW versus controls Male Adult 8 Toxicity Factor Datasets 32 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Lead poisoning in six captive avian species

Author(s)
Beyer, W.N., J.W. Spann, L. Sileo and J.C. Franson
Pages
121-130
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD ACETATE increased liver and kidney Pb concentrations versus controls Male Adult 30 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dieldrin and DDT effects on reproduction and some hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
302-314
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIELDRIN no effect fertility, hatchability and duckling weight Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity and oxidative stress of different forms of organic selenium and dietary protein in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J., G.H. Heinz, L.J. LeCaptain, J.D. Eisemann and G.W. Pendleton
Pages
120-127
Year
Volume
31
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE increase @ 15, 30 ppm plasma and liver GSH-peroxidase activity (for all Se forms), compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
Citation:

Aroclor 1242 and reproductive success of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Haseltine, Susan D. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
29-34
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
AROCLOR 1242 8.9% decrease @ 150 ppm eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 12 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dicofol on mallard eggshell quality

Author(s)
Bennett, Jewel K., Stephen E. Dominguez and William L. Griffis
Pages
907-912
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DICOFOL no effect body weight at end of study Female Adult 4-8/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lindane on clutch size and level of egg yolk protein in domestic duck

Author(s)
Chakravarty, Sampa, Aditya Mandal and Pulak Lahiri
Pages
93-103
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LINDANE no effect body weight at end of study Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Behavior of mallard ducklings from parents fed 3 ppm DDE

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
640-645
Year
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) increase @ 3 ppm responsiveness of offspring to maternal call; % that approached call and % that spent 100% of time near call after initial approach Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 148-156 offspring/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 10 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of adult mallard age on avian reproductive tests

Author(s)
Gile, Jay D. and S. Mark Meyers
Pages
751-56
Year
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 24 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 and 11 months old Laboratory
Citation:

Recovery of brain and plasma cholinesterase activities in ducklings exposed to organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, James W.
Pages
215-229
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DICROTOPHOS 63% maximal brain acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition compared to control (4 hrs post-dose) Not Reported Juvenile 4/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of exposure to carbofuran-sprayed vegetation on the behavior, cholinesterase activity and growth of mallard ducklings (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Martin, Pamela A., Keith R. Solomon, Douglas J. Forsyth, Herman J. Boermans and Neil D. Westcott
Pages
901-909
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
CARBOFURAN increased @ 132 and 264 g/ha occurrence of acute poisoning symptoms compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 29-38/group Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
472-485
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
MALATHION decreased @ 125 lb/acre crown-rump length at day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Day 8 of incubation Laboratory
Citation:

Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James and Steven P. Bradbury
Pages
885-897
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ACEPHATE 11/36 mortality incidence by 20 hrs post-dose Not Reported Juvenile 36/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Some evidence for an effect of ingested petroleum on the fertility of the mallard drake (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Holmes, W.N. and K.P. Cavanaugh
Pages
898-901
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease % fertile eggs and # of ducklings; when male, female or both male and female exposed to oil, compared to control Female Adult 3 pairs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 5.5 mo at initiation Laboratory
Citation:

Some effects of DDE and PCB on mallards and their eggs

Author(s)
Risebrough, Robert W. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
508-513
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 17% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens /dose; 8 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of chronic ingestion of south Louisiana crude oil on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C., Michael P. Dieter, Gary H. Heinz and John F. Ferrell
Pages
426-436
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 0.25 - 5% distance retreated from a frightening stimulus; impaired avoidance behavior Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 0-6 d post-hatch Laboratory
Citation:

Enzyme changes in mallard ducks fed iron or lead shot

Author(s)
Rozman, Robert S., Louis N. Locke and S. Finley McClure III
Pages
435-445
Year
Issue
3
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
IRON (elemental), LEAD (elemental) increased with all treatments incidence of hemosiderosis in liver vs controls Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphorothioic acid-o-ethyl-o-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and Louis Sileo
Pages
284-294
Year
Volume
73
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EPN decreased @ 12 ug/g (48%), 36 ug/g (29%), 108 ug/g (0%) % surviving to hatch versus controls Not Reported Hatchling 12/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) Laboratory
Citation:

Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
261-269
Year
Issue
3
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental) lead only: 1.15 (+/- 0.29); lead-iron: 0.32 (+/- 0.05) ppm, wet wt lead concentration in liver (mean +/- SE) Female Adult control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mos Laboratory
Citation:

Sublethal effects of chronic lead ingestion in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, Mack T., Michael P. Dieter and Louis N. Locke
Pages
929-937
Year
Volume
1
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD NITRATE increased @ 5 ppm diet (66 +/-13 ppm blood) and @ 25 ppm diet (154 +/-28 ppm blood) lead concentration in blood after 12 weeks exposure (mean +/- SE) versus controls Male Adult 20/dose; 5/dose x time group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary mercury and lead on eggshell thickness in mallards

Author(s)
Haegele, Max A., Richard K. Tucker and R.H. Hudson
Pages
5-11
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS 3.7 (carcass); 2.5 (egg); 2.5 (eggshells); 9.6 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead;
3.4 (carcass); 0.88 (egg); 2.8 (eggshells); 35.0 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead + DDE 		lead residues in whole carcass, egg contents, eggshells, and bone Female Adult 10/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Interactive effects of arsenate, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
55-62
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 60 ppm Se incidence of ducklings with histopathological lesions versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 d Laboratory
Citation:

Acid precipitation and food quality: effects of dietary Al, Ca, and P on bone and liver characteristics in American black ducks and mallards

Author(s)
Sparling, Donald W.
Pages
281-288
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
ALUMINUM SULFATE see table Ca, Al, P concentrations in femur for different treatments after 2 and 10 wks of treatment Not Reported Juvenile 12-14/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary nickel on survival and growth of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W. and Ellen A. Pafford
Pages
737-745
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
NICKEL SULFATE decreased @ all doses (by 60 d of age) weight:length of humerus Female Juvenile 36 birds/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 14 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of methylmercury on approach and avoidance behavior of mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
554-564
Year
Issue
5
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
METHYLMERCURY DICYANDIAMIDE increased @ 0.5, 3 ppm changes in avoidance behavior (frightening stimulus) Not Reported Juvenile 319 (control); 339 (0.5 ppm); 158 (3 ppm) Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of seleno-L-methionine, seleno-DL-methionine, high selenium wheat, and selenized yeast to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H., David J. Hoffman and Leonard J. LeCaptain
Pages
93-99
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 30 ppm as Se-met or yeast, or 15 ppm as wheat food consumption compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 25 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day Laboratory
Citation:

Hepatic glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in response to excess dietary selenomethionine and selenite in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Gary H. Heinz and Alexander J. Krynitsky
Pages
263-271
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 40 ppm (25%) mortality compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 40 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of dietary cadmium on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Cain, Brian W., Lou Sileo, J. Christian Franson and John Moore
Pages
286-297
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CADMIUM CHLORIDE 0.10 (@ 0 ppm), 10.13 (@ 5 ppm), 16.25 (@ 10 ppm), 42.21 (@ 20 ppm) ppm, wet wt mean Cd concentrations in liver by 12 wks of treatment Not Reported Juvenile 12 birds per timexdose treatment day old Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Interactive effects of boron, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
288-294
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 15 ppm Se (with or w/out B), and 1000 ppm B hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of lead shot ingestion on selected cells of the mallard immune system

Author(s)
Rocke, Tonie E. and Michael D. Samuel
Pages
1-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties
LEAD (elemental) ppm wet wt: 1.40 (0.7), blood; 6.40 (4.92), liver; 38.64 (19.18), femur @ 2 #four shot mean (2SE) lead concentrations in liver, femur and blood Male Adult 31 birds Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Sacramento
Citation:

Interactive effects of selenium, methionine, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings.

Author(s)
Hoffman, D.J., C.J. Sanderson, L.J. LeCaptain, E. Cromartie and G.W. Pendleton
Pages
163-171
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE 11.6 (@15 ppm diet), 48.6 (@ 60 ppm diet) ppm, wet wt geometric mean Se concentration in liver (adequate protein in diet) Not Reported Juvenile 15/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-day old Laboratory
SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm (regardless of methionine suppl. or protein levels) body, liver and spleen weights, and tarsus length versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 1-day old Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of DDE on the Ca metabolism of the duck eggshell gland and its subcellular fractions; Relations to the functional stage

Author(s)
Lundholm, C.E.
Pages
5-12
Year
Volume
78
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 1.23 +/- 0.12 ug/g wet weight mean +/- SE p,p'-DDE concentration in shell gland mucosa Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of petroleum on adrenocortical activity and on hepatic naphthalene-metabolizing activity in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Gorsline, J. and W.N. Holmes
Pages
765-777
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 0.5% plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control Male Juvenile Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 wks Laboratory
Citation:

Oil and related toxicant effects on mallard immune defenses

Author(s)
Rocke, T.E., T.M. Yuill and R.D. Hinsdill
Pages
343-352
Year
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CRUDE OILS no effect % mortality, compared to controls Male Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of crude oil on mallard embryos on day one of development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J.
Pages
632-637
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 1, 5, 10 ul 18-d % survival, mean embryonic weight, crown-rump length (5ul) and bill length Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1d of development Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of trimethyltin and triethyltin to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Elwood F. Hill and Jeffrey J. Momot
Pages
255-260
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE no effect % mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 3-4 d Laboratory
Citation:

Organochlorine accumulation by sentinel mallards at the Winston-Thomas sewage treatment plant, Bloomington, Indiana

Author(s)
Custer, T.W., D.W. Sparks, S.A. Sobiech, R.K. Hines, and M.J. Melancon
Pages
163-169
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS positive correlation relationship between BROD, PROD, and EROD activities and total PCB, oxychlordane, and TEQs concentrations Female Adult 5 birds/timepoint (timepoints = 0,10,20,32,42,52,59,70,80,90,100 days) Bloomington Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Subchronic and reproductive toxicity of emamectin benzoate to mallard ducks and northern bobwhite quail

Author(s)
O'Grodnick, Joseph S., Peter G. Wislocki, Kevin P. Keenan, Joann B. Beavers, Larry T. Frey, and Mark Jaber
Pages
2318-2324
Year
Issue
11
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
EMAMECTIN BENZOATE no effect feed consumption versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16 pairs/group Toxicity Factor Datasets 22 weeks Laboratory
Citation:

Aluminum and acid effects on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in young growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos).

Author(s)
Capdevielle, M.C., and L.E. Hart, J. Goff and C.G. Scanes
Pages
82-88
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ALUMINUM SULFATE, SULFURIC ACID reduced @ 0.5% Al tibial dry weight, and ash and calcium content versus ad libidum controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 8 birds/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 3 d Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of boron and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival

Author(s)
Stanley, Thomas R., Jr., Gregory J. Smith, David J. Hoffman, Gary H. Heinz, and Roger Rosscoe
Pages
1124-1132
Year
Issue
7
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE 6.5 (0.25) ppm B @ 450 ppm B; 11 (0.4) ppm B @ 900 ppm B; 3.5 (0.10) ppm Se @ 3.5 ppm Se; 7.1 (0.28) ppm Se @ 7 ppm mean (SE) wet wt concentrations of B and Se in egg Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 14 pairs/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards

Author(s)
Heinz, G.H., D.J. Hoffman, L. Sileo, D.J. Audet, and L.J. LeCaptain
Pages
323-333
Year
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD COMPOUNDS reduced @ 869 ug/g, corn diet hemoglobin concentration versus corn diet controls Male Adult 5/ Pb treatment;3/control treatments Toxicity Factor Datasets approx. 7 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards

Author(s)
Kelly, M.E., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman and S.J. Bursian
Pages
673-687
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS increased for lead, steel shot renal concentrations of iron versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 16/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of mercury and selenium on glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in mallards

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., and Gary H. Heinz
Pages
161-166
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 10 ppm Hg glutathione peroxidase activity (plasma and liver) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (liver and brain) versus controls Male Adult 12/treatment Toxicity Factor Datasets 18 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Toxicity of ingested bismuth alloy shot in game-farm mallards: Chronic health effects and effects on reproduction

Author(s)
Sanderson, Glen C., William L. Anderson, George L. Foley, Karen L. Duncan, Loretta M. Skowron, Jeffrey D. Brawn and James W. Seets
Pages
217-252
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) no effect with Fe or Bi onset of lay and time to lay 21 eggs versus controls Female Adult 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group Toxicity Factor Datasets 6-8 mo Laboratory
Citation:

Subchronic effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine on several immune functions in mallards.

Author(s)
Fairbrother, A. and J. Fowles
Pages
836-844
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SELENOMETHIONINE decreased incidence of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to antigen versus controls Male Adult Controls = 24
Treated = 8 		Laboratory Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of age on sensitivity: Acute oral toxicity of 14 pesticides to mallard ducks of several ages

Author(s)
Hudson, R.H., R.K. Tucker and M.A. Haegele
Pages
556-561
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
ALDICARB 3.60 mg/kg LD50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 days Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of DDT on eggshell quality and calcium adenosine triphosphatase

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
699-704
Year
Volume
3
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Influence of laying on lead accumulation in bone of mallard ducks

Author(s)
Finley, M.T.; Dieter, M.P.
Pages
123-129
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
LEAD (elemental) one shot: 180.4 (18.1), female; 5.0 (0.6), male
two shot: 183.4 (21.2), female; 15.9 (4.1), male 		mean (SE) lead residues in femur Both Male and Female Adult 20 females, 10 males/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Effects of carbaryl grasshopper control on nesting killdeer in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M, Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Pages
881-890
Year
Issue
5
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CARBARYL no effect whole carcass lipid content Not Reported Not Reported 6-13 birds/group Toxicity Factor Datasets

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Trophic accumulation of DDT in a terrestrial food web

Author(s)
Rudd, R.L., R.B. Craig and W.S. Williams
Pages
219-228
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 293.43-820.93 ppm, lipid weight concentrations of DDT, DDE, DDD (combined) in skin and brains, 2 years post-application Not Reported Not Reported 2 birds 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
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