Strigiformes
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIPHACINONE | increased | time to coagulation in blood sampled 3 days after treatment ended | Not Reported | Adult | 3 owls | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIELDRIN | 0.01 +/- 0.003 ppm (uncontaminated site); 0.22 +/- 0.03 ppm (contaminated site) | mean (+/- SE) concentrations in plasma | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6 birds on contaminated sites; 10 birds on uncontaminated sites | Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STRYCHNINE | increased | occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground | Not Reported | Adult | 1 bird | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
STRYCHNINE | increased | occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground | Not Reported | Adult | 1 bird | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
STRYCHNINE | increased | occurence of errors (compared with pre-test values) in a reversal learning test | Not Reported | Adult | 1 bird | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STRYCHNINE, ZINC PHOSPHIDE | review | summaries of sublethal effects due to organochlorine, anticholinesterase, anticoagulant, strychnine pesticides | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | no effect | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1946 museum speciments | Female | Adult | 3 eggs | south-central Montana | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE | 5% decrease | eggshell thickness index compared with reference eggs | Female | Adult | 18 eggs, 15 clutches | Butler, Delaware, Hamilton Counties | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 1 | estimated population density based on call counts | bird/100 acres | Not Reported | Adult | 7 counts | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | see figures | figures showing weight increase and feather growth for 0-73 days of age | Not Reported | Nestling | five owls | collected in California | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foraging Distance | 0.25 | typical maximum distance between two roosting sites | mi | Both Male and Female | Adult | 11 home ranges | Superior and Ann Arbor townships | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density | 1 | bird/2000 acres | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 11 owls | Superior township | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Dietary Composition | white-footed mice (58.2%), meadow mice (28.0%), other small mammals (2.8%), medium sized mammals (5.1%), gamebirds and sm-med sized birds (4.8%), other birds (1.2%) | percent occurrence of prey items in pellets | Not Reported | Not Reported | 297 pellets from 14 owls | Superior township | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Time of Nesting | Mar 12 - Jun 4 | period from earliest egg laying date to date of latest brood departure | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Time of Hatching or Parturition | Apr 14 | earliest hatching date | Not Reported | Nestling | 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Population Density | 1 | density of nesting pairs | pair/3 mi^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size | 2.2 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Hatching Success | 11 | percent of eggs that failed to hatch | Not Reported | Nestling | 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2 | number of fledglings produced per pair | fledglings/pair | Not Reported | Fledgling | 4 nests | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Territory Size | observed range of movement during nesting, based on observations of individual or pair movements | mi^2 | Not Reported | Adult | 4 birds | Jackson Hole | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 46% | mean percent mortality within the first year of banding based on band return data, 1951-1962 | Not Reported | Juvenile | 97 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 26.58 | daily food intake on a mouse diet, dry weight basis | g/kg/d | Not Reported | Adult | 4 owls x 5 days = 20 owl days | Exposure Factor Datasets | 4.08 | Laboratory | |
Food Ingestion Rate | 26.37 | daily food intake on a turkey poult diet, dry weight basis | g/kg/d | Not Reported | Adult | 26 owl days | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6.33 SD | Laboratory | |
Body Weight - Mean | 1615 | mean of averaged body weights (10-13 weighings/bird) | g | Not Reported | Adult | 4 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Growth Rate | 0.1900 | growth constant based on logistic growth equation | Female | Nestling | 1 owl | Delaware County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | density based on call counts | birds/2000 ac | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 7 counts | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets | Madera | |
Dietary Composition | cottontail (61.1%), woodrat (17.9%), kangaroo rat (4.5%), pocket gopher (4.3%), gopher snake (3.7%), ground squirrel (2.4%), other spp (birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates; 6.1%) | percent occurrence by weight in pellets | Not Reported | Not Reported | 654 pellets, 1471 prey items | San Joaquin Experimental Range | Exposure Factor Datasets | Madera |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Mating/ Laying | February (peak), March (end) | egg laying dates | Female | Adult | 16 nests | Pima and Pinal Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding | |
Clutch or Litter Size | 2.5 | mean clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 16 nests | Pima and Pinal Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.1 | rate of production of young at least 4 weeks old | young/nest | Not Reported | Nestling | 16 nests | Pima and Pinal Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 9/16 | fraction of nests that sucessfully raised at least one nestling to the age of 4 weeks | successful nests/total nests | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16 nests | Pima and Pinal Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | pairs/mi^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12-22 pairs (3 study years) | southern Green County | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb 5-15 | peak period of egg laying | Female | Adult | 11-17 nests (3 study years) | southern Green County | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | 11-17 nests (3 study years) | southern Green County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | wolf spider (1), centipede (2), tarantula (3), grasshopper (1), walking stick (2) | numbers of prey items in stomach contents | Not Reported | Adult | 1 owl | 13 mi NE Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Ingestion Rate | 115 | weight consumed per day on an all chick diet | g/d | Not Reported | Adult | 4 owls | Exposure Factor Datasets | 16.9 SD | Laboratory | |
Food Ingestion Rate | 114 | weight consumed per day on an all hamster diet | g/d | Not Reported | Adult | 4 owls | Exposure Factor Datasets | 21.4 SD | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 3.0 | average clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 12 nests | Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.56 |
Hatching Success | 2.67 | average number of young hatched | hatches/nest | Not Reported | Nestling | 12 nests | Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.09 |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.67 | average number of young fledged | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | 12 nests | Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.09 |
Population Density | range of numbers of nesting pairs counted annually on a 1476 sq km study site | pairs/study site | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 years | Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | meadow vole and jumping mouse (11.3%), juv. white-tailed jackrabbit (9.4%), horned or eared grebe (5.7%), American coot (22.6%), sora and Virginia rails (3.8%), duck (26.4%), sharp-tailed grouse (9.4%), blackbird (11.3%) | relative frequency of prey species occurence in nests | Not Reported | Nestling | 78 nest visits | Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Dipodomys ordii (0.13%), Microtus montanus (0.14%), Perognathus parvus (0.02%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.50%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.21%) | relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis | Female | Adult | 1 owl | Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition | Dipodomys ordii (0.11%), Microtus montanus (0.12%), Perognathus parvus (0.03%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.63%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.10%) | relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis | Male | Adult | 1 owl | Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 914.2 (pallascens), 991.7 (pacificus), 1154.3 (occidentalis), 1317.8 (virgianus), 1238.6 (wapacuthu) | Body weight means for 5 subspecies | g | Male | Adult | 10-26 individuals/subspecies | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Body Weight - Mean | 1142.2 (pallascens), 1312.4 (pacificus), 1555.1 (occidentalis), 1768.5 (virgianus), 1556.0 (wapacuthu) | body weight means for 5 subspecies | g | Female | Adult | 12-29 individuals/subspecies | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inhalation Rate | 19.1 | mean resting respiratory rate | #/min | Not Reported | Adult | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets | crippled, non-releasable | 3.28 SD | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 0.343 | mean standard metabolic rate | ml O^2/g bw/hr | Female | Adult | 2 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | fasted | 0.044 | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | mammals (47.0%), birds (5.2%), reptiles (15.7%), arachnids (8.7%), centipedes (7.0%), insects (16.5%) | percent of total numbers of prey items in diet, based on pellet analysis | Both Male and Female | Adult | 2 owls (49 pellets) | El Comitan, Baja California Sur | Exposure Factor Datasets | nesting | MEXICO |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALDRIN, DIELDRIN | 6.1 ppm (brain), 10.7 ppm (body remainder) dieldrin, wet wt | post-mortem concentrations | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1 bird | Toxicity Factor Datasets | |
ALDRIN, DIELDRIN | 6.1 ppm (brain), 10.7 ppm (body remainder) dieldrin, wet wt | post-mortem concentrations | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1 bird | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STRYCHNINE | no effect | proportion of pairs that raised at least 1 young | Both Male and Female | Adult | 27 pr | Saskatchewan | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.5 | young/occupied nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Columbia River | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 172.0 | g | Male | Not Reported | 12 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Body Weight - Mean | 168.0 | g | Female | Not Reported | 10 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Territory Size | 1.98 | ac | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 pairs | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Clutch or Litter Size | mean annual productivity | young/breeding adult | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Survival/ Mortality | 70 | % | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 40 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Survival/ Mortality | 19 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Survival/ Mortality | 18 | % | Both Male and Female | Nestling | 40 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Time of Migration or Dispersal | Sep, Jan | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Not Reported | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Time of Molt | Jul (begin) | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Fledging or Weaning Rate | proportion of nesting pairs that successfully fledged young (over two years) | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 birds | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | 73 | percent of pairs hatching at least one chick | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 15 pairs | Moffett Air Force Base | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
Clutch or Litter Size | 2.5 | mean number of chicks per nest | chicks/nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | 11 pairs | Moffett Air Force Base | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
Hatching Success | 78 | percent of pairs hatching at least one chick | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9 pairs | Shoreline Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
Clutch or Litter Size | 3.0 | mean number of chicks per nest | chicks/nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | 7 pairs | Shoreline Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 5.8 | mean density in prairie dog towns of <35 ha | owls/ha | Not Reported | Adult | 71 nests | west. NE | Exposure Factor Datasets | 3.6 SE |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | mammals (85), insects (170), birds (3), spiders (0), reptiles (1) | number of prey items found in sample pellets | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 60 pellets | Crooked River National Grassland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition | mammals (28), insects (22) | number of prey items found in sample pellets | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 20 pellets | Crooked River National Grassland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition | mammals (414), insects (259), birds (3), spiders (2) | number of prey items found in sample pellets | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 228 pellets | Crooked River National Grassland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition | mammals (50), insects (108), birds (1) | number of prey items found in sample pellets | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 39 pellets | Crooked River National Grassland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 158.6 | body weight | g | Male | Adult | 13 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
Body Weight - Mean | 150.6 | body weight | g | Female | Adult | 15 | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | Dipodomys sp (8-18%), Perognathus sp (4-29%), insects (53-75%), crayfish (0-9%), reptiles (0-5%), birds (0-1%) | frequency of occurence in pellets | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 burrows | Coachella Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | vertebrates (14.3%), invertebrates (85.7%) | percent of diet based on pellet analysis | Both Male and Female | Adult | 150 pellets | Malheur county | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inhalation Rate | 3.27 | average resting tidal volume | ml BTPS | Not Reported | Adult | 60 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.08 SE | Laboratory | |
Inhalation Rate | 39.7 | average resting inhalation rate | per minute | Not Reported | Adult | 60 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.16 SE | Laboratory | |
Metabolic Rate | 4.28 | average resting oxygen consumption | ml STPD/min | Not Reported | Adult | 60 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.12 SE | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | breeding season density based on roadside censuses | birds/mi^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Imperial Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density | fall/winter season density based on roadside censuses | birds/mi^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Imperial Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA | |
Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA | |
Dietary Composition | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA | |
Time of Molt | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA | |
Clutch or Litter Size | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA | |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch or Litter Size | 78 | total number of young observed on study site | young/study site | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 15 pairs | Albuquerque | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 4.9 | fledglings/pair | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 15 pairs | Albuquerque | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
Time of Migration or Dispersal | August (begin) | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 15 pairs | Albuquerque | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
Time of Mating/ Laying | third week of March (begin) | Female | Adult | 15 pairs | Albuquerque | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Density | 925 | estimate of number of pairs in census area | pairs/43,235 km^2 | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 198 UTM blocks censused | San Francisco Bay and Central Valley areas | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Rate | 0.95 | oxygen consumption in zone of thermoneutrality (at 30.1 degrees, Celsius) | cubic cm O2/g/hr | Not Reported | Adult | 16 | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.04 | Laboratory | |
Inhalation Rate | 25 | average breathing rate at ambient temperatures below body temperature | breaths/min | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | ||
Inhalation Rate | 340 | breathing rate with heat loading (gular flutter onset) | breaths/min | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 50-57% | percent of occupied nests that fledged young | Both Male and Female | Adult | 63-76 nests | Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition | arthropods (92%), vertebrates (8%) | percent occurrence in diet based on pellet analysis | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 5,559 pellets | Gilliam, Morrow, and Umatilla counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary Composition | vertebrate (86.7%), invertebrate (13.3%) | diet composition by percent biomass in pellets | Both Male and Female | Adult | pellets 5,559 | Columbia Basin | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Weight - Mean | 146 | g | Male | Adult | 38 birds | Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Area | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1.9 (SE) |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hatching Success | 3.5 | mean hatching success in artificial burrows | eggs hatched/eggs laid | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8 clutches, 66 eggs | New Mexico State University | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.9 SE |