Podicipediformes

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Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Differentiating Sex and Species of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) and Their Eggs Using External Morphometrics and Discriminant Function Analysis.

Author(s)
Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J.T., Eagles-Smith, C.A. and Herzog, M.P.
Issue
1
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 1309 g M Adult 189 Exposure Factor Datasets USA 162
Body Weight - Mean 1058 g F Adult 194 Exposure Factor Datasets USA 129
Citation:

Assessing the breeding success of the western grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) after 40 years of environmental changes at Delta Marsh, Manitoba.

Author(s)
Porte, N.L., Koper, N. and Leston, L.
Issue
1
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Nesting See citation Table 1 Nest initation dates Adult Delta Marsh, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 1973: 46, 1974: 84, 2009: 49, 2010: 43 Nest survival % Embryo 1973: 195. 1974: 181, 2009: 211, 2010: 445 nests Delta Marsh, Manitoba Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Brood Size and Nesting Phenology in Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebe (Aechmophorus clarkii) in Northern California.

Author(s)
Robison, K.M., Anderson, D.W. and Robison, R.E.
Issue
38
Volume
1
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 1 Brood size as % of n Embryo See citation Clear Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Lake USA
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 2 Brood size as % of n Embryo See citation Eagle Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen USA
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues in western grebes from Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark and Jessop B. Low
Pages
754-760
Year
Issue
6
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 61.5 ppm DDE, 5.2 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in visceral fat Not Reported Adult 18 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 0.55 ppm DDE, 0.07 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in blood Not Reported Adult 16 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 6.6 ppm DDE, 1.3 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in whole eggs Not Reported Embryo 40 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 12.8 ppm DDE, 0.8 ppm DDD, wet wt mean concentration in breast muscle Not Reported Adult 24 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine chemical residues in white pelicans and western grebes from the Klamath Basin, California

Author(s)
Boellstorff, D.E., H.M. Ohlendorf, D.W. Anderson, E.J. O'Neill, J.O. Keith and R.M.Prouty
Pages
485-493
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 measurements Not Reported Embryo 29 eggs Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mercury levels, reproduction, and hematology in western grebes from three California Lakes

Author(s)
Elbert, Ruth Anne and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
210-213
Year
Issue
2
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
MERCURY COMPOUNDS positive correlation Hg concentration in brain correlation with P and K concentrations in blood Not Reported Adult 11 birds Clear Lake, Tule Lake, Eagle Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake, Lassen, Siskiyou
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 0.001 (Clear Lake), 0.16 (Tule Lake) productivity (young to adult ratios) at study locations Not Reported Adult 13 birds, Clear Lake; 5 birds, Tule Lake Clear Lake, Tule Lake Toxicity Factor Datasets Lake, Siskiyou
Citation:

Effects of DDE, TDEm and PCBs on shell thickness of western grebe eggs, Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah - 1973-74

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
108-111
Year
Issue
3
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-) decreased compared with pre-1940 eggs eggshell thickness index (Ratcliffe's Index) Not Reported Embryo 93 eggs Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The diving and feeding activity of the western grebe on the breeding grounds

Author(s)
Lawrence, George E.
Pages
3-16
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Ascaradina (3), Gastropoda (10, Orthoptera (2), Hemiptera (2), Diptera (1), Coleoptera (4), Siluridae (4), Centrarchidae (77), plant (4) % of total stomach content volume % Not Reported Adult 27 birds Clear Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Lake
Food Ingestion Rate 22.4 estimated mass of fish consumed daily, based on stomach contents g Not Reported Adult 1 bird Clear Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Lake
Citation:

Estimation and testing of parametersin Richard's growth model for western grebes

Author(s)
White, Gary C. and John T. Ratti
Pages
315-323
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate -0.1321 growth rate coefficient estimate based on Richard's growth model Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean estimated initial weights g Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean estimates of asymptotic weights g Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 birds Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Robert A. Grove
Pages
460-472
Year
Issue
3
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights g Male Both Adults and Juveniles 18 birds Commencement Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of mean body weights g Female Both Adults and Juveniles 22 birds Commencement Bay Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting ecology and production of western grebes at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah

Author(s)
Lindvall, Mark L. and Jessop B. Low
Pages
66-70
Year
Issue
1
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying early July peak of laying period Female Adult 386 nests Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 24 incubation period d Both Male and Female Embryo 14 clutches Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.6 mean clutch size eggs Female Adult 70 nests Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 21% percent of nests located in emergent vegetationin which at least one chick hatched Both Male and Female Hatchling 221 nests Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The breeding populations of piscivorous birds of Eagle Lake

Author(s)
Lederer, Roger J.
Pages
771-772
Year
Issue
3
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density 2400 annual number of individuals censused birds/lake Both Male and Female Not Reported 1 lake Eagle Lake, 42 km NW of Susanville Exposure Factor Datasets Lassen
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