Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

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Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Effects of habitat disturbance on diets of Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) in a cold desert.

Author(s)
Kremer, S.R. and Belk, M.C.
Issue
1
Volume
63
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Mammalia: 95.74, aves: 0.85 Percent biomass in undisturbed site % B Not Reported 2448 US Army Dugway Proving Ground Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Mammalia: 89.76, aves: 7.07 Percent biomass in disturbed site % B Not Reported 1478 US Army Dugway Proving Ground Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Risk assessment methodologies for exposure of great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) to PCBs on the Kalamazoo River, Michigan.

Author(s)
Strause, K.D., Zwiernik, M.J., Newsted, J.L., Neigh, A.M., Millsap, S.D., Park, C.S., Moseley, P.P., Kay, D.P., Bradley, P.W., Jones, P.D. and Blankenship, A.L.
Issue
1
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Class aves: 13.8, class mammalia: 86.2, class crustacae: 0.0 Percent biomass % NR Not Reported 285 Fort Cluster Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Class aves: 24.8, class mammalia: 75.2, class crustacae: 0.0 Percent biomass % NR Not Reported 285 Trowbridge Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Food habits of Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) in the breeding season in Lami Biological Reserve, southern Brazil.

Author(s)
Tomazzoni, A.C., Pedó, E. and Hartz, S.M.
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Mammals: 34, birds: 38, amphibians: 8, reptiles: 2, fishes: <1, insects: 18 Percent frequency % NR Not Reported 85 Lami Biological Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets BRAZIL
Citation:

Comparing the diet of Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) in rural and urban areas of southwestern British Columbia.

Author(s)
Hindmarch, S. and Elliott, J.E.
Issue
4
Volume
128
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Townsend vole: 84.8, common muskrat: 1.0, rat species: 1.0, medium songbirds: 5.1, family anatidae: 5.1, order coleoptera: 3.0 Percent by number in pellets/prey remains % NR See citation Alaskan National Wildlife Area Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Townsend vole: 69.0, North American deer mouse: 11.2, rat species: 7.8, house mouse: 0.9, shrew-mole: 1.7, shrew species: 7.8, small songbirds: 0.9, American crow: 0.9 Percent by number in pellets/prey remains % NR See citation Forest Richmond Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Townsend vole: 97.5, rat species: 2.5 Percent by number in pellets/prey remains % NR See citation Arthur Drive Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Townsend vole: 70.3, North American deer mouse: 1.4, rat species: 1.4, shrew species: 9.5, American crow: 2.7, great blue heron: 1.4, barn owl: 10.8, order coleoptera: 2.7 Percent by number in pellets/prey remains % NR See citation Terra Nova Park Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Townsend vole: 37.3, rat species: 25.5, eastern cottontail: 23.5, coast mole: 5.9, medium songbirds: 2.0, small songbirds: 2.0, American crow: 2.0, family anatidae: 2.0 Percent by number in pellets/prey remains % NR See citation Beach Groove Park Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Townsend vole: 2.1, North American deer mouse: 21.3, rat species: 42.6, order lagomorpha: 2.1, eastern cottontail: 4.3, medium songbirds: 10.6, small songbirds: 6.4, American crow: 4.3, order coleoptera: 6.4 Percent by number in pellets/prey remains % NR See citation Crescent Park Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Townsend vole: 57.3, pacific jumping mouse: 1.3, rat species: 33.4, eastern cottontail: 2.7, medium songbirds: 1.3, American crow: 1.3, family anatidae: 1.3, order coleoptera: 1.3 Percent by number in pellets/prey remains % NR Central Surrey Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosporous insecticides topically applied to livestock

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Elizabeth J. Kolbe, Elwood F. Hill and Lawrence J. Blus
Pages
292-295
Year
Issue
2
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
FAMPHUR 85% decrease post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control Not Reported Not Reported 1 owl Malheur County Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of pesticides on owls in North America

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
198-206
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
ALDRIN, BRODIFACOUM, CARBOFURAN, CHLORDANE, DIELDRIN, ENDRIN, FAMPHUR, FENTHION, PHORATE, STRYCHNINE review summaries of mortality due to organochlorine, anticholinesterase, anticoagulant, strychnine pesticides Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
STRYCHNINE, ZINC PHOSPHIDE review summaries of sublethal effects due to organochlorine, anticholinesterase, anticoagulant, strychnine pesticides Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Biodeterioration of chlorophacinone in voles, hawks and an owl

Author(s)
Askham, L.R. and R.M. Poche
Pages
145-150
Year
Issue
1
Volume
56
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
CHLOROPHACINONE 99 ug total carcass residues 28 d after removal from treatment Not Reported Adult 1 owl Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
CHLOROPHACINONE no effect occurence of external bleeding or internal abnormalities after removal from treated diet Not Reported Adult 1 owl Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Productivity and survival of great horned owls exposed to dieldrin

Author(s)
Frank, Rosemary A. and R. Scott Lutz
Pages
331-339
Year
Volume
101
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DIELDRIN no effect productivity in contaminated versus uncontaminated sites Both Male and Female Adult 3-4 nests on contaminated sites; 5-9 nests on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN negative correlation relationship between residue in plasma and survival Not Reported Juvenile 6 birds (contaminated sites), 10 birds (uncontaminated sites) Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect daily and interval survival estimates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Juvenile 14 birds on contaminated sites; 41 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect daily survival rates on uncontaminated versus contaminated sites Not Reported Adult 9 birds on contaminated sites; 11 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN 0.07 +/- 0.03 ppm (uncontaminated site); 0.34 +/- 0.21 ppm (contaminated site) mean (+/- SE) concentrations in plasma Not Reported Adult 2 birds on contaminated sites; 5 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN 0.01 +/- 0.003 ppm (uncontaminated site); 0.22 +/- 0.03 ppm (contaminated site) mean (+/- SE) concentrations in plasma Not Reported Juvenile 6 birds on contaminated sites; 10 birds on uncontaminated sites Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Secondary poisoning of owls by anticoagulant rodenticides

Author(s)
Mendenhall, V.M. and L.F. Pank
Pages
311-315
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DIPHACINONE 4.1-5.5 mg doses resulting in symptoms and death in 2/3 birds within 14 days Not Reported Adult 3 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DIPHACINONE increased time to coagulation in blood sampled 3 days after treatment ended Not Reported Adult 3 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of strychnine on the behavior of great horned owls and red-tailed hawks

Author(s)
Cheney, Carl D., Stephen B. Vander Wall and Ruthe J. Poehlmann
Pages
103-110
Year
Issue
3
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
STRYCHNINE increased occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground Not Reported Adult 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE increased occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground Not Reported Adult 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE increased occurence of errors (compared with pre-test values) in a reversal learning test Not Reported Adult 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1946 museum speciments Female Adult 3 eggs south-central Montana Toxicity Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting mid-Feb to Jun 20 period from first territory selection to last brood fledged Both Male and Female Adult 15 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 64% percent of nests known to fledge young Not Reported Fledgling 11 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 100% percent of eggs hatched in nests that produced young Not Reported Nestling 11 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult 6 nests south-central Montana Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 SE
Citation:

Pesticide levels, egg and eggshell parameters of great horned owls

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
184-187
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE 5% decrease eggshell thickness index compared with reference eggs Female Adult 18 eggs, 15 clutches Butler, Delaware, Hamilton Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide-related mortalities of raptors and other birds in New York, 1982-1986.

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B. and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
429-438
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, MIREX, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to pesticide exposure based on history, ante-mortem signs, and gross pathology Not Reported Not Reported 8 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ENDRIN breast muscle=0.02 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1 animal Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine toxicants in great horned owls from New York, 1981-82

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B., and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
1-7
Year
Issue
1
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to PCB intoxication, based on brain residues Female Adult 1 owl Greene County Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

First records of chlordane-related mortality in wild birds

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Charles J. Henny
Pages
196-198
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of mortality as a result of organochlorine poisoning Female Adult 1 owl 6 km s. of Corvallis Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Monitoring great horned owls for pesticide exposure in southcentral Iowa

Author(s)
Buck, Jeremy A., Larry W. Brewer, Michael J. Hooper, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
321-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
TERBUFOS decreased (>2 standard deviations of control mean) in 3 samples plasma cholinesterase activity after pesticide applications Not Reported Not Reported 6 samples Toxicity Factor Datasets
TERBUFOS no effect occurence of pesticide metabolites in fecal-urate samples Not Reported Not Reported 29 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets
Home Range home range size (minimum convex polygon model) as determined by radiotelemetry ha Not Reported Not Reported 22 owls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet, cast composition, and energy and nutrient intake of red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura)

Author(s)
Tabaka, Christopher S., Duane E. Ullrey, James G. Sikarskie, Sharon R. DeBar and Pao K. Ku
Pages
187-196
Year
Issue
2
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 114 weight consumed per day on an all hamster diet g/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls Exposure Factor Datasets 21.4 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Impacts of a nuclear energy facility on raptorial birds

Author(s)
Fitzner, R.E.
Pages
9-33
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.0 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.56
Hatching Success 2.67 average number of young hatched hatches/nest Not Reported Nestling 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.09
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.67 average number of young fledged fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 12 nests Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.09
Population Density range of numbers of nesting pairs counted annually on a 1476 sq km study site pairs/study site Both Male and Female Adult 4 years Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density range of numbers of individual owls counted annually on a 1476 sq km study site individuals/study site Both Male and Female Adult 4 years Hanford Site, Benton and Franklin Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 eggs/clutch Female Adult 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 11 percent of eggs that failed to hatch Not Reported Nestling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2 number of fledglings produced per pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size observed range of movement during nesting, based on observations of individual or pair movements mi^2 Not Reported Adult 4 birds Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition white-footed mice (3.6%), meadow mice (64.5%), shrews (0.3%), weasels (0.6%), red squirrel (0.3%), pocket gopher (23.5%), snowshoe rabbit (2.8%), ruffed grouse (1.4%) sage grouse (0.3%), mallard (0.6%), sm-med sized birds (1.4%), sucker (0.8%) percent occurrence of prey items in diet during nesting % Not Reported Not Reported 361 food items, 4 nests Jackson Hole Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate averages of food amounts eaten per day g Both Male and Female Not Reported 2 birds Exposure Factor Datasets captive Laboratory
Foraging Distance 0.25 typical maximum distance between two roosting sites mi Both Male and Female Adult 11 home ranges Superior and Ann Arbor townships Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 bird/2000 acres Both Male and Female Not Reported 11 owls Superior township Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Prey of nesting red-tailed hawks and great horned owls on Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern North Dakota

Author(s)
Murphy, Robert K.
Pages
145-149
Year
Issue
3
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition meadow vole and jumping mouse (11.3%), juv. white-tailed jackrabbit (9.4%), horned or eared grebe (5.7%), American coot (22.6%), sora and Virginia rails (3.8%), duck (26.4%), sharp-tailed grouse (9.4%), blackbird (11.3%) relative frequency of prey species occurence in nests Not Reported Nestling 78 nest visits Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reversed sexual size dimorphism: its effect on prey selection by the great horned owl, Bubo virginianus

Author(s)
Longland, William S.
Pages
395-398
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.13%), Microtus montanus (0.14%), Perognathus parvus (0.02%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.50%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.21%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Female Adult 1 owl Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Dipodomys ordii (0.11%), Microtus montanus (0.12%), Perognathus parvus (0.03%), Peromyscus maniculatus (0.63%), Thomomys umbrinus (0.10%) relative proportion of prey species in the diet, based on pellet analysis Male Adult 1 owl Gund Research Ranch, University of Nevada Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Size dimorphism and food habits of North American owls

Author(s)
Earhart, Caroline M., and Ned K. Johnson
Pages
251-264
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 914.2 (pallascens), 991.7 (pacificus), 1154.3 (occidentalis), 1317.8 (virgianus), 1238.6 (wapacuthu) Body weight means for 5 subspecies g Male Adult 10-26 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1142.2 (pallascens), 1312.4 (pacificus), 1555.1 (occidentalis), 1768.5 (virgianus), 1556.0 (wapacuthu) body weight means for 5 subspecies g Female Adult 12-29 individuals/subspecies Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Factors influencing respiratory rates in four species of raptors

Author(s)
Daniels, Kathleen and G.E. Duke
Pages
703-706
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Inhalation Rate 19.1 mean resting respiratory rate #/min Not Reported Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets crippled, non-releasable 3.28 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Metabolic rates of red-tailed hawks and great horned owls

Author(s)
Pakpahan, Ani M., Jonathon B. Haufler and Harold H. Prince
Pages
1000-1002
Year
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Error Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.343 mean standard metabolic rate ml O^2/g bw/hr Female Adult 2 birds Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 0.044 Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 0.566 mean standard metabolic rate ml o^2/g bw/hr Male Adult 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 0.080 Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1,588 mean body weight g Female Adult 2 birds Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 147 Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 1,229 mean body weight g Male Adult 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets fasted 106 Laboratory
Citation:

Food habits of the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) in the cape region of Lower California, Mexico

Author(s)
Llinas-Gutierrez, Jorge, Gustavo Arnaud and Marcos Acevedo
Pages
140-141
Year
Issue
4
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Dietary Composition mammals (47.0%), birds (5.2%), reptiles (15.7%), arachnids (8.7%), centipedes (7.0%), insects (16.5%) percent of total numbers of prey items in diet, based on pellet analysis Both Male and Female Adult 2 owls (49 pellets) El Comitan, Baja California Sur Exposure Factor Datasets nesting MEXICO
Citation:

Non-territorial 'floaters' in great horned owls: space use during a cyclic peak of snowshoe hares

Author(s)
Rohner, Christoph
Pages
901-912
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Home Range 24.8-26.1 mean home range size of nonterritorial individuals in 1990 and 1991 square km Both Male and Female Adult 6 (1990), 8 (1991) Kluane Lake (60 deg57'N, 138deg12'W), Yukon Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Territory Size 4.83 mean territory size of territorial pairs square km Both Male and Female Adult 16 territories Kluane Lake (60 deg57'N, 138deg12'W), Yukon Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.40 SE
Citation:

Food consumption and pellet formation rates in four owl species

Author(s)
Marti, Carl D.
Pages
178-181
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 62.6 average daily consumption on an all mouse diet g/d Not Reported Adult 1 owl collected in Larimer County, CO Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Great horned owl food habits at Mono Lake, California

Author(s)
Aigner, Paul A., Michael L. Morrison, Linnea S. Hall, and William M. Block
Pages
286-288
Year
Issue
3
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Sylvilagus spp. (1.0%), unident. lagomorphs (0.2%), Peromyscus maniculatus (42.%), Microtus monatus (23.7%), unident. rodents (2.9%), Myotis spp. (1.9%), unident. mammal (1.5%), Podiceps nigricollis (1.0%), unident. rail (0.2%), Larus californicus (1.7%), unident. owl (0.4%), unident. blackbird (0.4%), unident. large bird (4.6%), unident. medium bird (1.2%), unident. small bird (6.9%), unident. vertebrate (1.0%), insects (8.3%), scorpions (0.4%) percent occurence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 219 pellets, 518 remains Paoha Island, Mono Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Dietary Composition Lepus californicus (0.2%), Sylvilagus spp. (6.0%), unident. lagomorphs (1.7%), Peromyscus maniculatus (69.2%), Microtus monatus (0.7%), Dipodomys spp. (0.6%), unident. rodents (0.4%), Myotis spp. (1.1%), unident. chiropteran (0.2%), unident. mammal (3.9%), Larus californicus (1.3%), unident. large bird (7.1%), unident. medium bird (1.1%), unident. small bird (0.9%), unident. vertebrate (4.3%), insects (1.5%) percent occurence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 188 pellets, 536 remains Negit Island, Mono Lake Exposure Factor Datasets Mono
Citation:

Food habits of the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) in a Patagonian steppe in Argentina

Author(s)
Trejo, Ana, and Dora Grigera
Pages
306-311
Year
Issue
4
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition rodents (98.5%), birds + insects + reptiles + lagomorphs (1.5%) percent of prey types in diet (seasonal average) Not Reported Adult 522 pellets near Bariloche, northwest. Patagonia Exposure Factor Datasets ARGENTINA
Citation:

Food habits of the horned and barn owls

Author(s)
Cunningham, John D.
Pages
222
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Neotoma fuscipes (7.9%), Thomomys bottae (20.7%), Mus musculus (25.0%), Microtus californicus (14.9%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (1.7%), Perognathus sp. (4.1%), Dipodomys agilis (4.3%), Peromyscus sp. (3.8%), Notiosorex crawfordi (0.3%), Sylvilagus sp. (0.8%), Sorex ornatus (0.1%), Scapanus latimanus (0.7%), Stenopelmatus sp (2.1%), Elgaria multicarinata (0.1%), unident. birds (4.3%) percent of total number of specimens identified in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 25 lbs of pellets Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles campus Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles
Dietary Composition Neotoma fuscipes (11.3), Thomomys bottae (36.2), Mus musculus (14.0), Microtus californicus (13.5), Reithrodontomys megalotis (8.7), Perognathus sp. (7.8), Dipodomys agilis (3.1), Peromyscus sp. (3.1), Notiosorex crawfordi (1.3), Sylvilagus sp. (0.5), Sorex ornatus (0.5) percent of total number of specimens identified in pellets Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Santa Monica Mountains (1 ledge) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A banding study of Cincinnati area great horned owls

Author(s)
Holt, John B., Jr.
Pages
194-197
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size 1-4 brood size at the time of banding young/nest Not Reported Juvenile 906 nests near Cincinnati Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 47.3% percent of nests with at least one young surviving to banding age (of all pairs observed) Not Reported Juvenile 1777 territories near Cincinnati Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolic rate and evaporative water loss of Mexican spotted and great horned owls

Author(s)
Ganey, Joseph L., Russell P. Balda, and Rudy M. King
Pages
645-656
Year
Issue
4
Volume
105
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.59 average basal metabolic rate cc O^2/g bw/hr Not Reported Adult 3 birds Exposure Factor Datasets postabsorptive Laboratory
Citation:

Predation ecology of coexisting great horned and barn owls

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G.
Pages
134-137
Year
Issue
1
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Microtus (66.7%), Peromyscus (27.6%), Dipodomys (1.1%), Sylvilagus (0.3%), Euphagus cyanocephalus (0.3%), Sorex (0.2%), Tadarida brasiliensis (0.2%), Mustela frenata (0.2%), unident. bird (1.4%), unident. small mammal (0.7%), insect (1.3%) percent occurence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported 107 pellets Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Siskiyou
Citation:

North America's oldest great horned owl

Author(s)
Houston, C. Stuart
Pages
88-90
Year
Issue
2
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 20.7 known age at time of death yr Not Reported Adult 1 bird s. of Aberdeen, Saskatchewan Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Food-niche relationships between great horned owls and common barn owls in eastern Washington

Author(s)
Knight, Richard L. and Ronald E. Jackman
Pages
175-179
Year
Volume
101
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Sylvilagus nuttallii (12.4%), Spermophilus washingtoni (0.4%), Thomomys talpoides (29.7%), Perognathus parvus (12.5%), Dipodomys ordii (1.4%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.3%), Peromyscus maniculatus (6.2%), Neotoma cinerea (2.1%), Microtus montanus (7.7%), Mus musculus (0.2%), unident. microtinae (4.5%), Mustela frenata (0.4%), Anas platyrynchos (2.6%), Phasianus colchicus (2.5%), Fulica americana (1.5%), Charadrius vociferus (0.2%), Tyto alba (10.7%), Sternella neglecta (0.2%), unident. Fringillidae (0.2%), unident. Passeriformes (1.2%), unident. snake (1.4%), Cyprinus carpio (1.3%), Stenopelmatus spp (0.2%) percent of total prey biomass Not Reported Not Reported 234 pellets Esquatzel Coulee, Franklin County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth development and reactions of young great horned owls

Author(s)
Reed, Bessie P.
Pages
14-31
Year
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean maximum body weights achieved by captively raised chicks oz Not Reported Juvenile 2 birds captured in Kansas Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

New great horned owl longevity record

Author(s)
Nero, Robert W.
Pages
91-92
Year
Issue
2
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Longevity 28+ age at time of death yr Female Adult 1 bird Asiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Diet and trophic characteristics of great horned owls in southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Marti, Carl D. and Michael N. Kochert
Pages
499-506
Year
Issue
4
Volume
67
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition unident. snake (0.3%), Sylvilagus nuttallii (19.2%), Lepus californicus (14.3%), unident. leporid (16.1%), Spermophilus townsendii (0.6%), Thomomys townsendii (14.6%), Perognathus parvus (0.4%), Dipodomys ordii (11.1%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.2%), Peromyscus spp (2.3%), Neotoma cinerea (4.6%), Neotoma lepida (2.0%), unident. woodrat (0.3%), Microtus montanus (4.7%), Mus musculus (0.7%), Mustela frenata (0.1%), Falco sparverius (0.1%), Phasianus colchicus (1.9%), Callipepla californicus (0.1%), unident. galliform (0.4%), Fulica americana (0.4%), Columba livia (0.9%), Tyto alba (0.3%), Sturnus vulgaris (0.2%), unident. passerine (0.6%), unident. bid (3.4%) occurence in diet as percent of total prey biomass, based on pellet analysis Not Reported Not Reported 14 nesting areas, 1472 prey items Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (42 deg, 50'N, 115 deg, 50'W) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements, population fluctuations, and mortality among great horned owls

Author(s)
Stewart, Paul A.
Pages
155-162
Year
Issue
2
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 31% mean annual mortality after the first year of banding based on band return data, 1951-1962 Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 97 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Survival/ Mortality 46% mean percent mortality within the first year of banding based on band return data, 1951-1962 Not Reported Juvenile 97 birds Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 1 estimated population density based on call counts bird/100 acres Not Reported Adult 7 counts San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The growth of some young raptorial birds

Author(s)
Sumner, E. Lowell, Jr.
Pages
277-308
Year
Issue
4
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Growth Rate see figures figures showing weight increase and feather growth for 0-73 days of age Not Reported Nestling five owls collected in California Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Food consumption and energy, water, and nitrogen budgets in captive great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus)

Author(s)
Duke, G.E., J.G. Ciganek and O.A. Evanson
Pages
283-292
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 26.58 daily food intake on a mouse diet, dry weight basis g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 4 owls x 5 days = 20 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets 4.08 Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 26.37 daily food intake on a turkey poult diet, dry weight basis g/kg/d Not Reported Adult 26 owl days Exposure Factor Datasets 6.33 SD Laboratory
Citation:

Growth analysis of a female great horned owl in central Ohio

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
218-221
Year
Issue
6
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Growth Rate 0.1900 growth constant based on logistic growth equation Female Nestling 1 owl Delaware County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Predation by owls in the Sierran foothills of California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
137-151
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density density based on call counts birds/2000 ac Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 7 counts San Joaquin Experimental Range Exposure Factor Datasets Madera
Citation:

Notes on nesting great horned owls in southern Arizona

Author(s)
Mader, William J.
Pages
109-111
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Time of Mating/ Laying February (peak), March (end) egg laying dates Female Adult 16 nests Pima and Pinal Counties Exposure Factor Datasets breeding

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Some effects of aldrin-treated rice on gulf coast wildlife

Author(s)
Flickinger, Edward L. and Kirke A. King
Pages
706-727
Year
Issue
3
Volume
36
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ALDRIN, DIELDRIN 6.1 ppm (brain), 10.7 ppm (body remainder) dieldrin, wet wt post-mortem concentrations Not Reported Not Reported 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALDRIN, DIELDRIN 6.1 ppm (brain), 10.7 ppm (body remainder) dieldrin, wet wt post-mortem concentrations Not Reported Not Reported 1 bird Toxicity Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects on wildlife from use of endrin in Washington state orchards

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J., Charles J. Henny, T. Earl Kaiser and Robert A. Grove
Pages
159-174
Year
Volume
48
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
ENDRIN brain=greater than or equal to 0.8 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1-3 animals Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets
ENDRIN brain=greater than or equal to 0.8 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1-3 animals Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets
ENDRIN brain=greater than or equal to 0.8 ppm, wet wt tissue endrin residues Not Reported Not Reported 1-3 animals Wenatchee Toxicity Factor Datasets

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia), Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

Effects of pesticides on owls in North America

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J.
Pages
198-206
Year
Issue
4
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Location Type
CARBARYL, CARBOFURAN, DDE (4,4'-) review Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBARYL, CARBOFURAN, DDE (4,4'-) review Toxicity Factor Datasets
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