Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

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Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

The indirect effects of climate variability on the reproductive dynamics and productivity of an avian predator in the arid Southwest.

Author(s)
Borgman, C.C. and Wolf, B.O.
Issue
1
Volume
180
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Population Density 29.2 Number of breeding pairs/15,000 ha B Adult 175 Kirkland Airfore Base Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Nesting April 27-28 (117.4 Julian day) Mean initiation date B Adult 147 Kirkland Airfore Base Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Clutch or Litter Size 5.4 First/second broods combined B Embryo 128 Kirkland Airfore Base Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA 0.2
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.6 Number fledged per successful nest B Fledgling 67 Kirkland Airfore Base Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.4
Citation:

Breeding biology and nesting success of Loggerhead Shrikes in Ontario.

Author(s)
Chabot, A.A., Bird, D.M. and Titman, R.D.
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 1991: 4.9, 1992: 5.6 Number of eggs/clutch B Embryo 1991: 27, 1992: 50 breeding pairs Three sites in southern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA 1991: 0.1, 1992: 0.2
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1991: 3.9, 1992: 4.2 Number fledged per successful nest B Fledgling 1991: 27, 1992: 50 breeding pairs Three sites in southern Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA 1991: 0.3, 1992: 0.3
Citation:

Habitat selection and reproductive success of Loggerhead Shrikes in northwest Missouri: a hierarchical approach.

Author(s)
Esely Jr, J.D. and Bollinger, E.K.
Issue
3
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size Roadside nests: 5.2, interior nests: 6.1 B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets USA Roadside nests: 1.3, interior nests: 0.5
Hatching Success Roadside nests: 71.7%, interior nests: 94.6% B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate Roadside nests: 55.3%, interior nests: 79.2% B Fledgling Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size Review B 13-222 Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Fledging or Weaning Rate Review B Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:

Survival, dispersal and early migration movements of captive-bred juvenile eastern loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus migrans).

Author(s)
Imlay, T.I., Crowley, J.F., Argue, A.M., Steiner, J.C., Norris, D.R. and Stutchbury, B.J.M.
Issue
11
Volume
143
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Migration or Dispersal August 11-September 22 B Juvenile 38 Kirkfield, Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Survival/ Mortality 2007: 75.7%, 2008: 75.0% B Juvenile 38 Kirkfield, Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis June 9-July 30 B Juvenile 38 Kirkfield, Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutch or Litter Size 2-7 nestlings/pair B Nestling 38 Kirkfield, Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Predation on desert mammals by Lanius ludovicianus (Laniidae).

Author(s)
Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.
Issue
4
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body Weight - Mean 45 g g NR Not Reported 3 Baja California Sur Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Dietary Composition Chaetodipus arenarius (11.0), Chaetopidus baileyi (20.5), Peromyscus eva (15.0) Species captured (mean weight, g) Not reported Baja California Sur Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Age and experience affect the reproductive success of captive loggerhead shrikes.

Author(s)
Imlay, T.L., Steiner, J.C. and Bird, D.
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 4.7 B Embryo 459 nesting attempts; 98 individuals Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.5
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.6 B Fledgling 459 nesting attempts; 98 individuals Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 1.5
Citation:

Trophic accumulation of DDT in a terrestrial food web

Author(s)
Rudd, R.L., R.B. Craig and W.S. Williams
Pages
219-228
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 293.43-820.93 ppm, lipid weight concentrations of DDT, DDE, DDD (combined) in skin and brains, 2 years post-application Not Reported Not Reported 2 birds 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see figure figure showing concentration of DDT and metabolites in skin and brains before and after application Not Reported Not Reported 27 birds (3-4/sampling time) 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
Citation:

The effects of dieldrin on the behavior of young loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Busbee, Everette L.
Pages
28-35
Year
Volume
94
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DIELDRIN increased at 1 mg/kg latency to formation of natural prey killing behaviors Not Reported Juvenile 10-11/dose collected in San Diego County, CA Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day post-hatch (begin) Laboratory
DIELDRIN increased at 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/kg/d rate of mortality compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10-11/dose collected in San Diego County, CA Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 day post-hatch (begin) Laboratory
Citation:

DDE residues and eggshell thinning in loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Anderson, William L., and Ronald E. Duzan
Pages
215-220
Year
Issue
2
Volume
90
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 3.09 (0.09 SE) ppm, wet wt concentration in eggs Not Reported Embryo 20 clutches, 104 eggs southern IL Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) decreased eggshell thickness index compared with reference samples collected in 1875-95 Not Reported Embryo 20 clutches, 104 eggs southern IL Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) y = 92.610 - 2.412 log x linear negative correlation of egg DDE concentration and shell thickness Not Reported Embryo 20 clutches, 104 eggs southern IL Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of fertilizer-induced reduction of invertebrates on reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven, and Mark A. Deyrup
Pages
307-312
Year
Volume
139
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AMMONIUM NITRATE significantly increased (138.5% +/- 86.1 SD) percent increase in breeding territory size post-spray vs. unsprayed controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 control, 8 treatment territories MacArthur Agroecology Research Center, Archbold Biological Station Toxicity Factor Datasets
AMMONIUM NITRATE significantly earlier timing of nesting season termination in pairs post-spray vs. unsprayed controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 control, 8 treatment territories MacArthur Agroecology Research Center, Archbold Biological Station Toxicity Factor Datasets
AMMONIUM NITRATE increased loss of eggs, nestlings, fledglings and adults post-spray vs. unsprayed controls Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 control, 8 treatment territories MacArthur Agroecology Research Center, Archbold Biological Station Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
1-27
Publisher
The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union
Year
Issue
231
Exposure Endpoint Type Chemical Endpoint Value Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries Lab
DIELDRIN review Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Time of Migration or Dispersal review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Dietary Composition review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Metabolic Rate review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Territory Size review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Time of Nesting review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Body Weight - Mean review Both Adults and Juveniles Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Clutches or Litters per year review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Clutch or Litter Size review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Age at Sexual Maturity review Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA, USA
Citation:

Reproductive success and nesting habitat of loggerhead shrikes in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E. and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
37-48
Year
Issue
1
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.7 average number of fledglings produced per successful nest, 2 years fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 32 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets 1.3 SD
Hatching Success 4.4 average number of young hatched per nest, 2 years hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 37 nests York County Exposure Factor Datasets 1.8 SD
Citation:

Breeding ecology of Lanius ludovicianus nesting in sagebrush

Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Pages
244-250
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr-mid Aug period from clutch initiations to chicks fledging Both Male and Female Adult 98 pairs Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 6.1 average number of eggs per clutch, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 84 clutches Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 0.8 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 5.1 average number of fledglings per sucessful pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling 65 pairs Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets 1.5 SD
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning age at which young left nests d Not Reported Fledgling 65 pairs Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dynamics of a loggerhead shrike population in Minnesota

Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Pages
441-450
Year
Issue
3
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 3.02 average number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 60 nesting attempts southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets 2.07 SD
Survival/ Mortality 0.47 annual adult survival (based on reoccupancy rate from the previous year), over 3 years Both Male and Female Adult 16-37 territories/year southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 48 pairs southern Minnesota Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nestling diet and prey-delivery rates of loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) in north-central South Carolina

Author(s)
Gawlik, Dale E., Joseph Papp and Keith L. Bildstein
Pages
1-5
Year
Issue
1
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Orthoptera (59); Lepidoptera (15); Coleoptera (10); arthropod larvae (8); mammals; reptiles and amphibians (4); unident. arthropods (3) percent of total identified prey items delivered to the nest % Not Reported Nestling 1 pair, 155 identified prey York County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Densities of loggerhead shrike on study blocks in southeastern Alberta inventoried in both 1993 and 1996

Author(s)
Bjorge, Ronald R., and Henk P.L. Kiliaan
Pages
217-219
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density 90-96 range of densities over 2 sampling years individuals/ 12 study blocks Not Reported Adult 2 sample years southeastern Alberta Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Ptilochronology: A potential biomarker for assessing territory quality and habitat suitability in shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
276-279
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Territory Size range of post-breeding territory size ha Not Reported Adult 21 territories Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Foraging Distance 6.5 maximum distance travelled from a fence post to a prey item on ground m Not Reported Adult 21 territories Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Foraging Distance 9.2 maximum distance travelled from a cabbage palm to a prey item on ground m Not Reported Adult 21 territories Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Habitat selection and breeding biology of loggerhead shrikes in eastern Ontario and Quebec

Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Pages
155-156
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size average clutch sizes, 2 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 17 average incubation period, 2 years d Not Reported Embryo 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Hatching Success average number of hatchlings per nest, 2 years hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning d Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Fledging or Weaning Rate average number of young surviving to fledge per nest, 2 years fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 27-52 pairs/yr eastern Ontario, Quebec Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Longevity records of North American birds: Remizidae through Parulinae

Author(s)
Klimkiewicz, M. Kathleen, Roger B. Clapp and Anthony G. Futcher
Pages
287-294
Year
Issue
3
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Longevity 12-6 age of oldest identified banded individual yr-mo Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effects of fencelines on the reproductive success of loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven
Pages
281-285
Year
Issue
1
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 64 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 0.8 SD
Duration of Incubation or Gestation range of average incubation periods, in two habitats, for successful nests d Not Reported Embryo 64 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning range of average nestling periods, in two habitats, for successful nests d Not Reported Fledgling 64 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 1.8 average number of hatchlings per nest hatchlings/nest Not Reported Hatchling 64 clutches, 245 eggs Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 2.0 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.4 average number of fledglings produced per nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 64 clutches, 245 eggs Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 1.7 SD
Clutches or Litters per year number of second clutches laid per season clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 27 pairs Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 13.0 estimated probability of an egg surviving to hatch in fenceline areas % Not Reported Embryo 39 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 0.2 SD
Survival/ Mortality 64.0 estimated probability of an egg surviving to hatch in pasture areas % Not Reported Embryo 25 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 30.1 SD
Survival/ Mortality 67.0 estimated probability of a nestling surviving to fledge in fenceline areas % Not Reported Nestling 39 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 1.8 SD
Survival/ Mortality 73.0 estimated probability of a nestling surviving to fledge in pasture areas % Not Reported Nestling 25 clutches Archbold Biological Station Exposure Factor Datasets 28.8 SD
Citation:

Nesting ecology of the loggerhead shrike in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Tyler, Jack D.
Pages
95-104
Year
Issue
1
Volume
104
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying late Feb (begin), April (peak) time of nesting activity Both Male and Female Adult 133 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 84 average percent of nests that hatched at least 1 young, 4 years % Not Reported Hatchling 133 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 60 average percent of nests that fledged at least 1 young, 4 years % Not Reported Fledgling 133 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 average clutch size, 4 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 101 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 16.9 average incubation period, 4 years d Both Male and Female Embryo 55 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 16.8 d Not Reported Fledgling 28 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 122 pairs Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 64 overall nestling survival rate % Not Reported Nestling 90 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 46 calculated probability of survival of any nest from incubation onset to end of fledging % Not Reported Fledgling 109 nests Lawton, Comanche County Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The influence of habtitat degradation on the breeding ecology of loggerhead shrikes Lanius ludovicianus in the shrubsteppe region

Author(s)
Leu, Matthias and David A. Manuwal
Pages
136
Year
Issue
2
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Survival/ Mortality survival rate of juveniles prior to dispersal from the breeding territory % Not Reported Juvenile 36 nests Yakima Training Center Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting habits of the California shrike

Author(s)
Atkinson, William A.
Pages
9-11
Year
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Time of Mating/ Laying late Feb-early Apr period of egg laying Female Adult 1 pair, 4 years Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Clutch or Litter Size eggs/clutch Female Adult 9 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets Santa Clara
Citation:

Status of loggerhead shrikes in the sagebrush habitat of southwestern Idaho

Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Pages
150-154
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density range of nesting density, 2 study areas Both Male and Female Adult 10-19 pairs/study area Ada, Elmore, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 yr Not Reported Adult 4 birds Ada, Elmore, Owyhee Counties Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Resource dependence and territory size in loggehead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus)

Author(s)
Yosef, Reuven and Thomas C. Grubb, Jr.
Pages
465-469
Year
Issue
2
Volume
111
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Territory Size 9.3 ha Both Male and Female Adult 10 pairs Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 3.8 SD
Fledging or Weaning Rate 1.1 mean number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 24 clutches Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 mean clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult 24 clutches Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 0.9 SD
Hatching Success 33.8 percent of eggs that produced hatchlings by the day after the first hatch % Not Reported Hatchling 24 clutches Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 47.6 SD
Body Weight - Mean 33.0 mean body weight of 10 day old nestlings g Not Reported Nestling 18 nestlings Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County Exposure Factor Datasets 2.6 SD
Citation:

Nest ecology, productivity, and growth of the loggerhead shrike on the shortgrass prairie

Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Pages
429-436
Year
Issue
4
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutches or Litters per year 1 clutches/yr Both Male and Female Adult 77 pairs Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 6.39 average clutch size, 4 years eggs/clutch Female Adult 77 pairs Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 16 incubation period d Not Reported Embryo 330 hatched eggs Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 17 normal fledging period d Not Reported Fledgling 232 fledged birds Pawnee National Grassland Exposure Factor Datasets

San Clemente Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. mearnsi)

Citation:

Natural history and management of the San Clemente loggerhead shrike

Author(s)
Scott, Thomas A. and Michael L. Morrison
Pages
23-57
Year
Issue
2
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2.33 mean number of fledglings produced per successful nest fledglings/nest Not Reported Fledgling 29 nests San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets 0.34 SD
Survival/ Mortality 45 percent of fledglings that died before reaching independence from parents % Not Reported Fledgling 29 nests San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size 34 mean pair foraging area during breeding season, 4 years ha Both Male and Female Adult 12 territories San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets 12 SD
Longevity 3 adult life expectancy based on duration of home range occupancy yr Female Adult Not Reported San Clemente Island Exposure Factor Datasets

Ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Patterns of growth and movements in a population of Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis (caudata: plethodontidae) in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author(s)
Staub, N.L., C.W. Brown and D.B. Wake
Pages
593-599
Year
Issue
4
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Growth Rate 0.092 change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) mm/d Female Adult Not Reported Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) Exposure Factor Datasets Calaveras USA 0.0071
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