Vulpes macrotis (Kit Fox)

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Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)

Citation:

Population dynamics of San Joaquin kit foxes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California.

Author(s)
Cypher, B.L., Warrick, G.D., Otten, M.R., O'Farrell, T.P., Berry, W.H., Harris, C.E., Kato, T.T., McCue, P.M., Scrivner, J.H. and Zoellick, B.W.
Volume
145
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Dietary Composition Leporids: 44.1, kangaroo rats: 31.0, pocket mice: 1.2, antelope squirrels: 2.3, other rodents: 4.1, sheep: 0.8, birds: 2.5, snakes: 1.4, lizards: 0.1, orthopterans: 6.4, colopterans: 1.3, other arthropods: 0.1, other items: 6.9 Frequency of occurrence % Both Adults and Juveniles 4393 Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Population Density See citation Table 1 Number/km2 B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Survival/ Mortality See citation Survival B Both Adults and Juveniles See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Clutch or Litter Size See citation Table 6 Pups/litter B Pup See citation Naval Petroleum Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:

Desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) reproductive parameters—Upper Chuckwalla Valley, California.

Author(s)
Randel III, C.J.
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Clutch or Litter Size 2.69 Pups/litter B Pup 32 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 0.3
Citation:

Desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) survival, Southeastern California.

Author(s)
Randel III, C.J. and Silvy, N.J.
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Error
Survival/ Mortality 80 Mortality % B 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA
Survival/ Mortality 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.868, pup-rearing: 0.944, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.752; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.891, pup-rearing: 1.000, annual: 0.892 Survival M Adult 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.014, pup-rearing: 0.0.14, dispersal: 0.000, annual: 0.010; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.023, pup-rearing: 0.000, annual: 0.017
Survival/ Mortality 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.885, pup-rearing: 0.1.000, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.885; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.836, pup-rearing: 0.923, annual: 0.772 Survival F Adult 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.0.033, pup-rearing: 0.000, dispersal: 0.0000, annual: 0.012; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.0.028, pup-rearing: 0.019, annual: 0.022
Survival/ Mortality 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.876, pup-rearing: 0..969, dispersal: 1.000, annual: 0.809; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.864, pup-rearing: 0.9640, annual: 0.833 Survival B Adult 56 Upper Chuckwalla Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Riverside USA 2012-2013: pair formation: 0.019, pup-rearing: 0.001, dispersal: 0.000, annual: 0.012; 2013-2014: pair formation: 0.019, pup-rearing: 0.011, annual: 0.014
Citation:

Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: Coyotes and kit foxes

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
624 - 635
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 1820 mean annual body weight g Both Male and Female Adult 20 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.0034 summer basal metabolic rate watts/g Both Male and Female Adult 12 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Metabolic Rate 0.0028 winter basal metabolic rate watts/g Both Male and Female Adult 12 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Notes on ecology and food of the Kit fox in Central Utah

Author(s)
Smith, Dwight G.
Pages
96 - 98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density 4 mean number of pairs on study area pairs/207 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 mean animal density in study area adult/12.9 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean litter size pups Female Adult 8 litters Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition black-tailed hare (61.4%), cottontail rabbit (7.7%); also Ord's kangaroo rat, deer mouse, pocket mouse, horned lark, unident. passerine, beetle proportion of total prey items identified in stomach contents Both Male and Female Adult 18 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Size and spatial organization of home ranges of kit foxes in Arizona

Author(s)
Zoellick, Bruce W. and Norman S. Smith
Pages
83-88
Year
Issue
1
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 9.8 home range as calculated with the grid-cell method km2 Female Adult 3 foxes 7.5 km NW Tonopah Exposure Factor Datasets 0.1.4 SE
Home Range 12.3 home range as calculated with the grid-cell method km2 Male Adult 4 foxes 7.5 km NW Tonopah Exposure Factor Datasets 1.0 SE
Citation:

Water economy of two desert canids: Coyote and kit fox

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
51-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate 115 estimated daily food intake based on a desert kangaroo diet (7.38 kJ/g wet wt) and calculated daily energy requirements (see Golightly, 1981) g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Food Ingestion Rate 101 estimated daily food intake based on a desert kangaroo diet (7.38 kJ/g wet wt) and calculated daily energy requirements (see Golightly, 1981) g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory

Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus)

Citation:

Primary and secondary hazards of three rodenticides to kit fox

Author(s)
Schitoskey, Frank, Jr.
Pages
416-418
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 0.22 mg/kg bw (95% CI; 0.15 - 0.34 mg/kg) LD50 Not Reported Adult 2 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
STRYCHNINE 0.75 mg/kg bw (95% CI; 0.33-1.69 mg/kg) LD50 Not Reported Adult 2 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
ZINC PHOSPHIDE 93 mg/kg bw (95% CI; 62-140 mg/kg) LD50 Not Reported Adult 2 animals/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 200 denning range (area enclosing occupied den sites) ha Both Male and Female Adult 16 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Time of Mating/ Laying January based on reproductive condition of adults at time of capture Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Longevity 10.2 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location mo Both Male and Female Adult 6 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.8 SE
Longevity 2.4 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location mo Both Male and Female Adult 13 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.7 SE
Body Weight - Mean 2034 g Male Adult 15 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 78 SE
Body Weight - Mean 1936 g Female Adult 13 foxes Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 64 SE

San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica)

Citation:

Sources and rates of San Joaquin kit fox mortality in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Disney, Michele and Linda K. Spiegel
Pages
73-82
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 57 foxes extreme southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 Male Adult 25 foxes extreme southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 Female Adult 32 foxes extreme southern San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Home range characteristics of the San Joaquin kit fox in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Spiegel, Linda K. and Michael Bradbury
Pages
83-92
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Home Range 5.82 nocturnal range, based on noctural locations of marked individuals km2 Both Male and Female Adult 26 south San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.45 SE
Home Range 6.13 based on all observations of marked individuals km2 Both Male and Female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.45 SE
Home Range 1.61 denning range, based on observations of marked individuals at dens km2 Both Male and Female Adult 26 south San Joaquin Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 0.20 SE
Citation:

Distribution and habitat requirements of the San Joaquin kit fox in the northern extreme of their range

Author(s)
Orloff, Susan, Frank Hall and Linda Spiegel
Pages
60-70
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Survival/ Mortality 80 % Both Male and Female Juvenile 5 foxes Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Survival/ Mortality 67 % Both Male and Female Adult 3 foxes Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (27%), unident. birds (2%), rabbits (3%), California ground squirrel (35%), pocket mice (2%), western harvest mice (17%), Peromyscus sp. (13%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 scats Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (1%), unident. reptiles (1%), unident. birds (1%), rabbits (5%), California ground squirrel (62%), pocket mice (5%), western harvest mice (10%), Peromyscus sp. (11%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 scats Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (20%), unident. insects (4%), unident. birds (10%), desert cottontail (1%), rabbits (5%), California ground squirrel (27%), pocket mice (13%), western harvest mice (9%), Peromyscus sp. (9%), unident. cricetid rodents (5%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 scats Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Dietary Composition unident. vegetation (4%), California ground squirrel (83%), California pocket mice (2%), Peromyscus sp. (5%), unident. cricetid rodents (5%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported 10 scats Bethany Reservoir Exposure Factor Datasets Alameda
Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density denning density den/28 ha - 1 den/37 ha Both Male and Female Adult 1010 dens Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Population Density adult density #/260 ha Both Male and Female Adult 361 foxes Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Age at Sexual Maturity 22 mo Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Time of Mating/ Laying December time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Time of Hatching or Parturition early February Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Clutch or Litter Size 4.1 mean litter size pups Female Adult Not Reported Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Prey abundance and food habits of San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes velox macrotis) at Camp Roberts Army National Guard Training Site, California

Author(s)
Logan, Christopher G., William H. Berry, William G. Standley and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
21
Publisher
EG and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Operations Report No. 10617-2158
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Spermophilus beecheyi (35%), soluble material (16.6%), grasshoppers/crickets (12.9%), lagomorphs (12.2%), kangaroo rats (9.1%), miscellaneous (10.2%), deer mice/wood rats (7.7%), birds (5.2%), beetles/weevils (3.5%), vegetation (2.8%), snakes (2.0%), pocket mice (0.8%), pocket gophers (0.5%), lizards (0.2%) frequency of occurrence of prey items found in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 649 scats Camp Roberts Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey, San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Food of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Hawbecker, Albert C.
Pages
499
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Dipodomus ingens (17%), Dipodomys sp. (14%), D. heermanni (10%), Unident. rodents (6%), Oedaleonotus enigma (66%), Pocalta ursinus (5%), Coniontis sp. (1%), Stenopelmatus (9%), grass (74%) Percent occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 74 scats (1 den) 6 mi. east of Panoche Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito
Citation:

Diet of the San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on Naval Petroleum Reserve #1, Kern County, California, 1980-1984

Author(s)
Scrivner, Jerry H., Thomas P. O'Farrell and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
26
Publisher
EG&G Energy Measurements, EGG 10282-2168
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition lagomorphs (73.3%), kangaroo rats (13.1%), San Joaquin antelope ground squirrel (2.9%), San Joaquin kit fox (2.8%), Cricetidinae (1.3%), Heteromyidae (0.8%), San Joaquin pocket mouse (0.7%), California ground squirrel (0.6%), southern grasshopper mouse (0.5%), sheep (0.5%), Botta pocket gopher (0.3%), birds (1.4%), snakes (1.2%), lizards (0.1%), grasshoppers and crickets (6.2%), beetles (1.0%), arthropods (0.2%), grass (1.7%), soluble material (5.2%), other (9.1%) frequency of occurrence of food items found in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1430 scats Naval Petroleum Reserve #1 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

San Joaquin kit fox: its distribution and abundance

Author(s)
Laughrin, Lyndal
Pages
20
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition Review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 estimated average density based on censuses and literature values fox/2.8 mi2 Both Male and Female Adult 108 dens Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Competetive interactions between coyotes and San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Kenneth A. Spencer
Pages
204-214
Year
Issue
1
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Dietary Composition see figure bar graph showing use of leporids, rodents, insects and other food items over 6 years Not Reported Not Reported 449 scat samples Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Survival/ Mortality 61.0 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years % Not Reported Adult 306 foxes Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 5.2 SE
Survival/ Mortality 79.8 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years % Not Reported Juvenile 177 foxes Naval Petroleum Reserves in California Exposure Factor Datasets Kern 4.5 SE
Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range approximate range of individual foxes mi2 Both Male and Female Adult 12 foxes Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) lbs Male Adult 1-4 foxes/month Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) lbs Female Adult 1-5 foxes/month Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Growth Rate growth rate observed in repeatedly trapped pups lb/month Both Male and Female Pup Not Reported Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 5 litters Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Time of Hatching or Parturition February-March Female Adult Not Reported Buena Vista Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Dietary Composition Kangaroo rats (80.7%), rabbits (46.2%), squirrels (9.6%), cottontails (5.8%), pocket mouse (1.9%), unident. insects (59.6%), scorpions (17.3%), Jerusalem crickets (13.5%), insect larvae (11.5%), ants (9.6%), grasshoppers (5.8%), beetles (3.8%), spiders (1.9%) frequency of occurrence in scat analyses % Both Male and Female Not Reported 52 scat groups Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Patterns of den use by San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Koopman, Marni E., Jerry H. Scrivner and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
373-379
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Home Range 4.3 average home range km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Naval Petroleum Reserves in California, Bakersfield Exposure Factor Datasets Kern
Citation:

Reproduction and spacing patterns of kit foxes relative to changing prey availability

Author(s)
White, Patrick J. and Katherine Ralls
Pages
861-867
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error
Population Density minimum densities of foxes in study area over three years fox /4.1 km2 - 1 fox / 6.5 km2 Both Male and Female Adult 15-22 foxes/year Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 4 foxes Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Home Range 11.6 individual home range size km2 Both Male and Female Adult 21 foxes Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo 0.9 SE
Citation:

Factors regulating kit fox populations

Author(s)
White, P.J. and Robert A. Garrott
Pages
1982-1988
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Population Density review #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality review Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Functional and numerical responses of kit foxes to a short-term decline in mammalian prey

Author(s)
White, Patrick J., Callie A. Vanderbilt White and Katherine Ralls
Pages
370-376
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition deer mice (10.8%), kangaroo rats (8.4%), pocket gophers (2.9%), pocket mice (20.0%), woodrats (0.6%), ground squirrels (6.4%), birds (7.5%), insects (33.5%), leporids (4.7%), reptiles (2.0%), percentage occurrence of prey types in feces % Both Male and Female Adult 834 feces Carrizo Plain Natural Area Exposure Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and ecology of the San Joaquin kit fox in the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge Area

Author(s)
Paveglio, Fred L and Steven D. Clifton
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, San Luis Wildlife Refuge
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition insects (1.3%), Hermann's kangaroo rat (19.6%), California vole (31.5%), deer mouse (14.4%), California ground squirrel (24.4%), Audubon's cottontail (12.0%), unident. plant material (0.7%) relative composition of prey remains in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 25 scats Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge Exposure Factor Datasets Merced
Citation:

Assessment of abundance of San Joaquin kit foxes by spotlight surveys

Author(s)
Ralls, Katherine and L. Lee Eberhardt
Pages
65-73
Year
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Population Density see citation figures showing seasonal abundance and density counts Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,239 surveys (dry season); 883 surveys (wet season) Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Citation:

Use of human-derived food items by urban kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Gregory D. Warrick
Pages
34-37
Year
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Dietary Composition human derived food items (12.2%), ground squirrel (67.8%), pocket gopher (3.9%), unident. rodent (5.0%), leporid (5.0%), bird (12.2%), insect (23.3%), other (2.2%) frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 180 scats Bakersfield, CA Exposure Factor Datasets Kern

Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis)

Citation:

Population dynamics of the kit fox in western Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
122-127
Year
Issue
3
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal late summer time of juvenile dispersal from natal territory Both Male and Female Juvenile Not Reported western Utah Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 5+ average maximum age attained yr Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported western Utah Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density population density on 10,359.9 ha study area ha/fox Both Male and Female Adult foxes 9-22 western Utah Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean litter sizes over four years pups Female Adult 2-6 litters/year western Utah Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology and life history of the kit fox in Tooele County, Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
481-497
Year
Issue
3
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Body Weight - Mean 4.2 average body weight lbs Female Adult 6 Tooele County, west. UT Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 175 average daily consumption in captivity g/day Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Tooele County, west. UT Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Clutch or Litter Size pups/litter Female Adult 11 litters Tooele County, west. UT Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 4.55 mean body weight lbs Male Adult 10 Tooele County, west. UT Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Preliminary studies of the kit fox in Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
351-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
37
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition March to early April time of whelping Female Adult Not Reported Tooele County, west. UT, elev. 4300-4800 ft Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 3.6 pairs/square mile Both Male and Female Adult 9 individuals Tooele County, west. UT, elev. 4300-4800 ft Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Notes on kit fox biology in Utah

Author(s)
Daneke, Dennis, Melvin Sunquist and Stephen Berwick
Pages
361-362
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Error
Home Range 1.9 calculated with Minimum Area Method km2 Male Adult 4 Pine Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 1.1 SD
Home Range 1.4 calculated with Minimum Area Method km2 Female Adult 4 Pine Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 0.7 SD
Home Range 4.2 calculated with Minimum Area Method km2 Male Adult 5 Pine Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 1.5 SD
Home Range 1.9 calculated with Minimum Area Method km2 Female Adult 4 Pine Valley Exposure Factor Datasets 1.2 SD
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