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Citation:
Author(s)
Brown, Herbert A.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis |
July |
Not Reported |
Tadpole |
Lake Louise Wildlife Sanctuary, Bellingham, Whatcom county (elev., 120m) |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Rathbun, Galen B., Nancy Siepel and Dan Holland
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Home Range |
mean daily movement |
28.0 - 87.1 |
m |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Arroyo Laguna-Oak Knoll Creek, San Simeon Point |
4 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Feder, Martin E.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
10.67 |
|
3.37 SD |
g |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
46.1 |
maximum oxygen consumption during activity measured at 5C on animals acclimated at 12C |
5.0 SE |
ul O2/g/hr |
Not Reported |
Adult |
5-8 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
66.7 |
maximum oxygen consumption during activity measured at 5C on animals acclimated at 22C |
4.9 SE |
ul O2/g/hr |
Not Reported |
Adult |
5-8 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
118.3 |
maximum oxygen consumption during activity measured at 15C on animals acclimated at 12C |
8.3 SE |
ul O2/g/hr |
Not Reported |
Adult |
5-8 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
83.2 |
maximum oxygen consumption during activity measured at 15C on animals acclimated at 22C |
4.9 SE |
ul O2/g/hr |
Not Reported |
Adult |
5-8 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
194.8 |
maximum oxygen consumption during activity measured at 25C on animals acclimated at 12C |
10.3 SE |
ul O2/g/hr |
Not Reported |
Adult |
5-8 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
117.9 |
maximum oxygen consumption during activity measured at 25C on animals acclimated at 22C |
6.6 SE |
ul O2/g/hr |
Not Reported |
Adult |
5-8 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Gamradt, Seth C. and Lee B. Kats
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
range of mean densities measured each yr for 4 yrs |
0.51 - 0.84 |
#/10 m2 |
Not Reported |
Adult |
750m stretch of Cold Creek, Santa Monica Mountains |
4 yearly surveys |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
range of mean densities of egg masses measured each yr for 4 yrs |
0.6 - 1.4 |
#/ 10 m2 |
Not Reported |
Embryo |
750m stretch of Cold Creek, Santa Monica Mountains |
4 yearly surveys |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Kats, Lee B., Jennifer A. Breeding and Kimberly M. Hanson
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation |
|
time from egg to hatching |
4 - 6 |
wks |
Not Reported |
Embryo |
Santa Monica Mountains |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
2.6 |
|
|
#/10 m2 |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Santa Monica Mountains |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
|
range of larval densities in pools with or without adults during June-July |
6.3 - 23.7 |
#/m2 |
Not Reported |
Juvenile |
Santa Monica Mountains |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Harlow, Henry J.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
9.7 |
|
|
g |
Male |
Adult |
Trabuco, Holy Jim and Harding Canyons |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
0.025 |
aerial respiration (oxygen consumption) at 15C |
0.008 (2SE) |
cm3 O2/g/hr |
Male |
Adult |
|
12 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
0.054 |
aerial respiration (oxygen consumption) at 15C |
0.004 (2SE) |
cm3 O2/g/hr |
Male |
Adult |
|
12 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
0.019 |
aquatic respiration (oxygen consumption) at 15C |
0.008 (2SE) |
cm3 O2/g/hr |
Male |
Adult |
|
7 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Harlow, Henry J.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Metabolic Rate |
0.016 (10C), 0.054 (15C), 0.061 (20C), 0.119 (25C) |
resting oxygen consumption measured at various temperatures (10-25C) |
cm3 O2/g/hr |
Male |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
0.067 (10C), 0.132 (15C), 0.203 (20C), 0.287 (25C) |
active oxygen consumption measured at various temperatures (10-25C) |
cm3 O2/g/hr |
Male |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
0.009 (10C), 0.026 (15C), 0.027 (20C), 0.043 (25C) |
resting oxygen consumption measured at various temperatures (10-25C) |
cm3 O2/g/hr |
Male |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Metabolic Rate |
0.066 (10C), 0.093 (15C), 0.120 (20C), 0.161 (25C) |
active oxygen consumption measured at various temperatures (10-25C) |
cm3 O2/g/hr |
Male |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Wakeman, John M. and Gordon R. Ultsch
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
9 - 16 |
g |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Berkeley |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
King, D. Tommy, James F. Glahn and Keith J. Andrews
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Foraging Distance |
15.7 |
mean distance travelled from night roost to foraging site |
2.0 SE |
3.5-61.8 |
km |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Mississippi River Delta |
33 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
17-08 |
from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data |
yr-mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
4174 band recoveries |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Stenzel, Lynne E., Harry R. Carter, R. Philip Henderson, Steven D. Emslie, Mark J. Rauzon, Gary W. Page, and Patrick Y. O'Brien
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Nesting |
April-June |
period during which nest initiations were observed |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
San Francisco Bay estuary |
296-424 nests/year |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
0.98 +/- 0.07 to 1.78 +/- 0.06 |
mean number of chicks fledged/nest (over 3 years) |
Both Male and Female |
Fledgling |
San Francisco Bay estuary |
296-424 nests/year |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
3.1+/- 0.1 to 3.2+/- 0.1 |
mean number of eggs/nest (over 3 years) |
Female |
Adult |
San Francisco Bay estuary |
263-312 nests/year |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
76% |
proportion of nests in which at least one egg hatched |
Both Male and Female |
Hatchling |
San Francisco Bay estuary |
1056 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Weseloh, D.V. Chip and Peter J. Ewins
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Clutch or Litter Size |
|
range in mean clutches in ground nests (across 4 years) |
2.82-3.62 |
Female |
Adult |
Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) |
34-127 nests/colony |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
2.14 |
mean number of young produced/active nest (across 10 yrs) |
|
Both Male and Female |
Fledgling |
Lake Ontario (43 deg 53'N, 76 deg 24'W) |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Braune, Birgit M.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
herring (25%), sculpin (92%), flounder (8%), anemones (8%), snails (17%), mussels (33%), amphipods (25%), isopods (17%), benthic shrimp (25%), crabs (25%), bryozoans (58%), algae (50%) |
frequency of occurrence of food items in stomach contents |
Not Reported |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Quoddy Region, New Brunswick |
12 stomachs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
23-05 |
from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data |
yr-mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
522,261 band recoveries |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
12-03 |
from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data |
yr-mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
321 band recoveries |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
11-07 |
from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data |
yr-mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
1832 band recoveries |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
7-06 |
from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data |
yr-mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
758 band recoveries |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
10-11 |
from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data |
yr-mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
86 band recoveries |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Clapp, Roger B., M. Kathleen Klimkiewicz and John H. Kennard
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
7-00 |
from USFWS Bird Banding Laboratory data |
yr-mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
35 band recoveries |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Jones, Thomas W.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Age at Sexual Maturity |
2 |
mo |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Portal |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Longevity |
2 |
yrs |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Portal |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Comment