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Gopherus agassizi

Citation:

Gopherus agassizi longevity

Author(s)
Jennings, Mark A.
Pages
81-82
Year
Issue
3
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Longevity 52 yr Male Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Incubation temperature affects sexual differentiation, incubation time, and posthatching surivival in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi)

Author(s)
Lewis-Winokur, Vanessa and Robert M. Winokur
Pages
2091-2097
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 124.7 (25C); 103.8 (27C); 87.1 (28C); 84.2 (29C); 78.2 (31C) mean incubation times at various temperatures (25-31C) d Not Reported Embryo 10-37 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 53% (25C); 89% (27C); 83% (28C); 100% (29C); 85% (31C) hatching success rates at various temperatures (25-31C) % Not Reported Embryo 13-46 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 20% (25C); 33% (27C); 81% (28C); 84% (29C); 73% (31C) % survival from hatching to >277 d post-hatch at various temperatures (25-31C) % Not Reported Embryo 18-46 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) in Nevada

Author(s)
Medica, Philip A., R. Bruce Bury and Frederick B. Turner
Pages
639-643
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1975
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 9.1 average annual growth rate estimated from plastron length 0.4 SE 4.3 - 14.4 mm/yr Both Male and Female Rock Valley, Nye County 22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.000258(PL)^2.98 Body weight (BW; 30-3000g) to plastron length (PL; 30-300 mm) relationship g Both Male and Female Not Reported Rock Valley, Nye County 83 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impact of military activities on the desert tortoise at the Mojave "B" ranges

Author(s)
Nicholson, Lori, Michael J. O'Farrell and John F. Westermeier
Pages
109-112
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 0-10 #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported China Lake Naval Weapons Center Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecological energetics of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii): Effects of rainfall and drought

Author(s)
Peterson, Charles C.
Pages
1831-1844
Year
Issue
6
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of seasonal changes in metabolic rates L CO2/kg/d Male Adult Desert Tortoise Natural Area, California City (elev. 869-945 m) [lat., 35^o10'N, long., 118^o10'W] and Ivanpah Valley (elev., 866-914 m) [35^o39'N, 115^o15' W] 6-11 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal reproductive cycle of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the eastern Mojave desert

Author(s)
Rostal, David C., Valentine A. Lance, Janice S. Grumbles and Allison C. Alberts
Pages
72-82
Year
Volume
8
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr.-May and Aug.-Nov. Both Male and Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting May-July Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Apr. Both Male and Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.68 eggs/female 0.3 SE 2-7 eggs/female Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1-2 clutches/yr Female Adult 19 Exposure Factor Datasets

Antrozous pallidus

Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Molt May-Aug. Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation late Mar.-early Apr. end of winter dormancy period Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid-Oct. time of dispersal of summer roost colonies Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Inhalation Rate 0-52 respiration rate in dormant bats at 40 deg F respirations/min Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 24.3 g Female Adult 15 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 20.6 g Male Adult 2 colonies Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 34.7 g Female Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 25.2 g Male Adult 16 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying late Oct.-Nov. period over which copulation occurs Both Male and Female Adult 1 male, 5 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 9 estimation based on observations in wild and captive bats wks Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 1.8 1-3 young Female Adult 28 bats Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate range of mean daily intake of mealworms by captive bats 3.5-4.7 g/d Both Male and Female Adult 3 bats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Fat (total or %) total extractable lipids in carcass 5-15 % Both Male and Female Adult near cities 4 bats Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica

Citation:

Use of human-derived food items by urban kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Gregory D. Warrick
Pages
34-37
Year
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition human derived food items (12.2%), ground squirrel (67.8%), pocket gopher (3.9%), unident. rodent (5.0%), leporid (5.0%), bird (12.2%), insect (23.3%), other (2.2%) frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Bakersfield, CA 180 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Sources and rates of San Joaquin kit fox mortality in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Disney, Michele and Linda K. Spiegel
Pages
73-82
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 0.4-.63 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles extreme southern San Joaquin Valley 57 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 0.55-0.57 Male Adult extreme southern San Joaquin Valley 25 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 0.27-0.86 Female Adult extreme southern San Joaquin Valley 32 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Hawbecker, Albert C.
Pages
499
Year
Issue
4
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Dipodomus ingens (17%), Dipodomys sp. (14%), D. heermanni (10%), Unident. rodents (6%), Oedaleonotus enigma (66%), Pocalta ursinus (5%), Coniontis sp. (1%), Stenopelmatus (9%), grass (74%) Percent occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 6 mi. east of Panoche 74 scats (1 den) Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis

Citation:

Notes on kit fox biology in Utah

Author(s)
Daneke, Dennis, Melvin Sunquist and Stephen Berwick
Pages
361-362
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 1.9 calculated with Minimum Area Method 1.1 SD km2 Male Adult Pine Valley 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 1.4 calculated with Minimum Area Method 0.7 SD km2 Female Adult Pine Valley 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 4.2 calculated with Minimum Area Method 1.5 SD km2 Male Adult Pine Valley 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 1.9 calculated with Minimum Area Method 1.2 SD km2 Female Adult Pine Valley 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population dynamics of the kit fox in western Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
122-127
Year
Issue
3
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density population density on 10,359.9 ha study area 470.9-1035.9 ha/fox Both Male and Female Adult western Utah foxes 9-22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean litter sizes over four years 2.75-5 pups Female Adult western Utah 2-6 litters/year Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis

Citation:

Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: Coyotes and kit foxes

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
624 - 635
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1820 mean annual body weight g Both Male and Female Adult 20 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.0034 summer basal metabolic rate watts/g Both Male and Female Adult 12 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.0028 winter basal metabolic rate watts/g Both Male and Female Adult 12 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
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