Species
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Citation:
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
mammals (31.4%), birds (5.9%), insects (28.6%), vegetation (61.0%) |
mean percent occurrence in pellets |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Not Reported |
Oakland Airport |
608 pellets |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition |
mammals (41.2%), birds (2.0%), insects (23.3%), vegetation (55.5%) |
mean percent occurrence in pellets |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Not Reported |
Oakland Airport |
366 pellets |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Dietary Composition |
mammals (35.7%), birds (1.3%), insects (27.7%), vegetation (57.4%) |
mean percent occurrence in pellets |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Not Reported |
Oakland Airport |
929 pellets |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
172.0 |
|
145.0-191.3 |
g |
Male |
Not Reported |
Oakland Airport |
12 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Body Weight - Mean |
168.0 |
|
125.6-210.0 |
g |
Female |
Not Reported |
Oakland Airport |
10 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Territory Size |
1.98 |
|
0.1-4.0 |
ac |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Oakland Airport |
6 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
|
mean annual productivity |
1.7-2.2 |
young/breeding adult |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Oakland Airport |
18 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
70 |
|
|
% |
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
Oakland Airport |
40 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
19 |
|
|
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Oakland Airport |
18 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
18 |
|
|
% |
Both Male and Female |
Nestling |
Oakland Airport |
40 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Migration or Dispersal |
Sep, Jan |
|
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Juvenile |
Oakland Airport |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Molt |
Jul (begin) |
|
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Oakland Airport |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
|
proportion of nesting pairs that successfully fledged young (over two years) |
53.3-88.8 |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Oakland Airport |
18 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Nesting |
April - June |
|
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Oakland Airport |
18 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis |
September |
period by which fledging is complete |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Oakland Airport |
18 birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
|
nesting density based on nearest-neighbor test |
0.12-0.15 |
pairs/km2 |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) |
23-29 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
1.91 |
|
1.63-2.19 |
fledglings/successful nest |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) |
52 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
61 |
proportion of pairs that successfully raised at least one young |
55-65 |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Mapimf Biosphere Reserve, Durango (1,000-1,350 m) |
52 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Hatching Success |
reproductive success rate among pairs |
40-54 |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Dade and Broward counties |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Hatching Success |
73 |
percent of pairs hatching at least one chick |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Moffett Air Force Base |
15 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
2.5 |
mean number of chicks per nest |
chicks/nest |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Moffett Air Force Base |
11 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
78 |
percent of pairs hatching at least one chick |
% |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Shoreline Park |
9 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
3.0 |
mean number of chicks per nest |
chicks/nest |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Shoreline Park |
7 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Longevity |
5 - 8 |
yr |
Not Reported |
Adult |
Edwin S. George Reserve, Ann Arbor |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Ryan, Richard A.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning |
|
2 - 3 |
yr |
Both Male and Female |
Tadpole |
Ithaca |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis |
July - Oct. |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Tadpole |
Ithaca |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Growth Rate |
review |
see citation for review of growth rates based on size estimates |
Both Male and Female |
Adult, Tadpole |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Coulombe, Harry N.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Dietary Composition |
arthropods (earwigs, crayfish, crickets, tiger beetles, tenebrionid beetles), vertebrates (Perognathus spp., Mus musculus, Thomomys bottae, Citelus tereticaudus, Agelaius phoeniceus, Sonora semiannulata, Hyla regilla, Bufo cognatus) |
species known to occur in diet |
Imperial Valley |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Range |
Type |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation |
23-29 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Storer, T.I., F.C. Evans and F.G. Palmer
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Population Density |
|
range of means for 3 trapping periods |
14.1 - 73.1 |
#/acre |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Lake Tahoe, near Myers (elev., 6225 ft) |
3 trapping periods |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Mating/ Laying |
Apr. - Dec. |
|
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
0.24 |
|
0.03 - 1.1 |
acres |
Male |
Adult |
Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) |
29 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
0.21 |
|
0.01 - 0.66 |
acres |
Female |
Adult |
Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) |
27 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
0.13 |
|
0.01 - 0.24 |
acres |
Male |
Juvenile |
Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) |
10 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Home Range |
0.12 |
|
0.02 - 0.31 |
acres |
Female |
Juvenile |
Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) |
12 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
|
range of means for 4 trapping periods |
8.0 - 16.8 |
#/acre |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Bass Lake (elev., 4500 ft.) |
4 trapping periods |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Morrison, Peter R.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Metabolic Rate |
basal metabolic rate measured as oxygen consumption at 26 - 29C; body weight range = 15.2 - 17.1g |
1.55 - 1.65 |
cc O2/g/hr |
Male |
Adult |
2 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Jameson, Jr., E.W.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Age at Sexual Maturity |
based on presence of recent corpora lutea; ages inferred from body weights |
32 -35 |
d |
Female |
Adult |
western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500-5000 ft.) |
1546 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Age at Sexual Maturity |
based on presence of swollen tubules of cauda epididymides and enlarged seminal vesicles, ages inferred from body weights |
40 - 60 |
d |
Male |
Adult |
western slope of Sierra Nevada (elev., 3500-5000 ft.) |
1546 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Ross, Llewellyn G.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Water Ingestion Rate |
range of means from 10 experiments |
0.114 - 0.372 |
cc/g/d |
Both Male and Female |
Not Reported |
4-8 animals/experiment; 10 experiments |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Comment