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Falco sparverius

Citation:

Differential habitat use by sexes of American kestrels wintering in northern California

Author(s)
Koplin, James R.
Pages
39-42
Year
Issue
2
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 115 average density +/- 25 95% CI individuals/100 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles agricultural lands 205 obs. Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity in a captive sparrow hawk

Author(s)
Kuyt, E.
Pages
197
Year
Volume
30
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Longevity 12 yr Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior and ecology of the American Kestrel in the Sierra Nevada of California

Author(s)
Balgooyen, Thomas G.
Year
Volume
103
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean body weight at hatch 10-12 g Both Male and Female Hatchling Sagehen Creek Field Station Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 29-31 d Both Male and Female Fledgling Sagehen Creek Field Station Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4 average clutch size eggs/clutch Female Adult Sagehen Creek Field Station 42 Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 29-31 d Both Male and Female Embryo Sagehen Creek Field Station Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 109.4 average home range - breeding ha Both Male and Female Adult Sagehen Creek Field Station 32 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying late May - June entire laying period Female Adult Sagehen Creek Field Station Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Molt May - September Both Male and Female Adult Sagehen Creek Field Station Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 98 of chicks that hatched % Both Male and Female Fledgling Sagehen Creek Field Station 150 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate y = 8.89 + 7.33x growth rate from day 3-16 Male Nestling Sagehen Creek Field Station Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate y = 7.77 + 7.44x growth rate from day 3-16 Female Nestling Sagehen Creek Field Station Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 89.3 % Both Male and Female Hatchling Sagehen Creek Field Station 168 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition insects (31.7%), reptiles (26.0%), birds (16.6%), mammals (25.7%) percent of prey by prey weight Both Male and Female Adult Sagehen Creek Field Station Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A study and implications of habitat separation by sex of wintering American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Author(s)
Meyer, Ruthe Lashe and Thomas G. Balgooyen
Pages
107-123
Year
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Territory Size 31.6 10.7 SD 18.7-42.0 ha Female Adult Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size 13.1 2.0 SD 9.7-14.8 ha Male Adult Hollister Basin (elev. 48-210 m) 5 Exposure Factor Datasets

Citation:

Energetics of two wintering raptors

Author(s)
Koplin, James R., Michael W. Collopy, Albert R. Bammann and Howard Levenson
Pages
795-806
Year
Volume
97
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition vertebrates (21.6 ), invertebrates (12.6 ) biomass of prey items killed g/d Female Both Adults and Juveniles agricultural lands 7 Exposure Factor Datasets

Lithobates catesbeianus

Citation:

Intrapopulation variation in the body size at metamorphosis and timing of metamorphosis in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Collins, James P.
Pages
738-749
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean See paper for weight to developmental stage relationship (Gosner stages 27-40) 7 - 43 g Not Reported Tadpole Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve, Livingston County [lat., 42.5N] 120 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning Referred to as "age at transformation"; range of snout-vent length at transformation = 35-57 mm 13 - 16 or 24 - 25 mo Not Reported Tadpole Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve, Livingston County [lat., 42.5N] 1051 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Not Reported Tadpole Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve, Livingston County [lat., 42.5N] Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival rate, population density and development of a naturally occurring anuran larvae (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Cecil, Stephen G. and John J. Just
Pages
447-453
Year
Volume
1979
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 0.9 - 13.2 #/m2 Not Reported Tadpole Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] 3 sampling periods, 20,000 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Not Reported Tadpole Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 1 yr Not Reported Tadpole Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean see citation figure of annual variation in weight g Not Reported Tadpole Coldstream Pond and Fred Pond, northeast of Lexington, [38o06'23"N, 84o30'08"W] 27 - 1817 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A comparison of spring food habits of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, in three habitats of central Arkansas

Author(s)
McKamie, J.A. and G.A. Heidt
Pages
107-111
Year
Issue
1
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition see citation % occurrence of 44 food items in stomach contents (species level) Not Reported Not Reported streams, ponds, strip pits in Pulaski, Loanoke and Saline counties 139 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Comparative food habits of sympatric mink frogs, bullfrogs, and green frogs

Author(s)
Stewart, Margaret M. and Peggy Sandison
Pages
241-244
Year
Issue
3/4
Volume
6
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition see citation % frequency of 26 food items in stomach contents (family level) Not Reported Adult Cranberry Lake Biological Station, Barber Point, Cranberry Lake 24 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Territoriality in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Emlen, Stephen T.
Pages
240-243
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1968
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Territory Size 17.8 Average distance between male frog and closest male neighbor within a chorus; also reported as a minimum territory radius of 9 ft. 5.9 SD ft Male Adult Pond in E.S. George Reserve 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

"Double clutching" and its possible significance in the bullfrog

Author(s)
Emlen, Stephen T.
Pages
749-751
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1977
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Clutches or Litters per year Double clutching observed in 5 out of 73 females 1 - 2 clutches/yr Female Adult 73 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The influence of male-defended oviposition sites on early embryo mortality in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
789-798
Year
Issue
4
Volume
59
Exposure Endpoint Type Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 6,000 - 20,000 eggs/clutch Female Adult Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1 - 2 clutches/yr Female Adult Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Sexual dimorphism in bullfrogs

Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Pages
303-310
Year
Issue
2
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 5 - 20 mm/yr Both Male and Female Adult Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve 22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 1 age after metamorphosis; development of secondary sex characteristics yr Male Adult Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity age after metamorphosis when produced eggs 1 - 2 yr Female Adult Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality Non-breeding season survival; measured as # that returned to breed/# known to be alive at end of previous breeding season 8 - 21 % Both Male and Female Adult Crane Pond, E.S. George Reserve 25 - 54 Exposure Factor Datasets

Enhydra lutris

Citation:

Movements, home range, and territories of male sea otters off central California

Author(s)
Jameson, Ronald J.
Pages
159-172
Year
Issue
2
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 29.5 resident and non-resident males were not significantly different 0.3 SE kg Male Adult Central coast 22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean Individual data available in Table 2 8.2-24.1 kg Male Juvenile Central coast 33 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 6.5 6-7 yr Male Central coast 22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 15 maximum density at this time of year per 1000 ha Male Adult Central coast 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 40.3 4.0 SE 23-65 ha Male Adult Central coast 10 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 78.0 7.2 SE 55-95 ha Male Adult Central coast 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
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