| ENDOSULFAN           | 
                                                                                      5.0 [2.9-7.6 (84% CI)]            | 
                                                                                      LC10           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Tadpole           | 
                                                                                      University of Pittsburgh           | 
                                                                                      120           | 
                                                                                      1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 ppb           | 
                                                                                      TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks           | 
                                                                                      4 d           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | ENDOSULFAN           | 
                                                                                      76.1 [56.3-109 (84% CI)]            | 
                                                                                      LC50           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Tadpole           | 
                                                                                      University of Pittsburgh           | 
                                                                                      120           | 
                                                                                      1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 ppb           | 
                                                                                      TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks           | 
                                                                                      4 d           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | ENDOSULFAN           | 
                                                                                      4.9 [3.1-7.0 (84% CI)]            | 
                                                                                      LC10           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Tadpole           | 
                                                                                      University of Pittsburgh           | 
                                                                                      120           | 
                                                                                      1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 ppb           | 
                                                                                      TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks           | 
                                                                                      4 d           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | ENDOSULFAN           | 
                                                                                      46.8 [36.5-61.5 (84% CI)]            | 
                                                                                      LC50           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Tadpole           | 
                                                                                      University of Pittsburgh           | 
                                                                                      120           | 
                                                                                      1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 ppb           | 
                                                                                      TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks           | 
                                                                                      4 d           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | ENDOSULFAN           | 
                                                                                      446 [282-832 (84% CI)]            | 
                                                                                      LC90           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Tadpole           | 
                                                                                      University of Pittsburgh           | 
                                                                                      120           | 
                                                                                      1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 ppb           | 
                                                                                      TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks           | 
                                                                                      4 d           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | ENDOSULFAN           | 
                                                                                      7           | 
                                                                                      LOEC           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Tadpole           | 
                                                                                      University of Pittsburgh           | 
                                                                                      120           | 
                                                                                      1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 ppb           | 
                                                                                      TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks           | 
                                                                                      4 d           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | GLYPHOSATE           | 
                                                                                      1.7 [-0.4-1.9 (95 % CI)]           | 
                                                                                      LC10           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Embryo           | 
                                                                                      University of Pittsburgh           | 
                                                                                      240           | 
                                                                                      1.12, 2.11, 3.03, 4.03, 5.26 mg acid equiv./L           | 
                                                                                      TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks           | 
                                                                                      96 h           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | GLYPHOSATE           | 
                                                                                      2.0 [1.7-2.2 (95 % CI)]           | 
                                                                                      LC50           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Embryo           | 
                                                                                      University of Pittsburgh           | 
                                                                                      240           | 
                                                                                      1.12, 2.11, 3.03, 4.03, 5.26 mg acid equiv./L           | 
                                                                                      TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks           | 
                                                                                      96 h           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | GLYPHOSATE           | 
                                                                                      2.4 [2.3-4.0 (95 % CI)]           | 
                                                                                      LC90           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Embryo           | 
                                                                                      University of Pittsburgh           | 
                                                                                      240           | 
                                                                                      1.12, 2.11, 3.03, 4.03, 5.26 mg acid equiv./L           | 
                                                                                      TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks           | 
                                                                                      96 h           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | OXYTETRACYCLINE HCL           | 
                                                                                      0.77 (0.08 SE)           | 
                                                                                      Mean mass after 11 w exp (units NR)           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Juvenile           | 
                                                                                      USGS Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, Ft. Collins, CO           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      1000 mg/L           | 
                                                                                      TOX-POP - size effects           | 
                                                                                      11 w           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | OXYTETRACYCLINE HCL           | 
                                                                                      2.23 (0.16 SE)           | 
                                                                                      Mean mass after 11 w exp (units NR)           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Juvenile           | 
                                                                                      USGS Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, Ft. Collins, CO           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      250 mg/L           | 
                                                                                      TOX-POP - size effects           | 
                                                                                      11 w           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | OXYTETRACYCLINE HCL           | 
                                                                                      2.37 (0.13 SE)           | 
                                                                                      Mean mass after 11 w exp (units NR)           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Juvenile           | 
                                                                                      USGS Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, Ft. Collins, CO           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      500 mg/L           | 
                                                                                      TOX-POP - size effects           | 
                                                                                      11 w           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | OXYTETRACYCLINE HCL           | 
                                                                                      2.32 (0.18 SE)           | 
                                                                                      Mean mass after 11 w exp (units NR)           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Juvenile           | 
                                                                                      USGS Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, Ft. Collins, CO           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      1000 mg/L           | 
                                                                                      TOX-POP - size effects           | 
                                                                                      11 w           | 
                                                                                      Waterborne           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE           | 
                                                                                      <50 s           | 
                                                                                      Time to loss of righting reflex           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Not Reported           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      1           | 
                                                                                      3.75 mL, 0.7 %           | 
                                                                                      TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      intracoelmic injection           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE           | 
                                                                                      2 m           | 
                                                                                      Time to no response to tow pinch           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Not Reported           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      1           | 
                                                                                      3.75 mL, 0.7 %           | 
                                                                                      TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      intracoelmic injection           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE           | 
                                                                                      2 m           | 
                                                                                      Time to loss of righting reflex           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Not Reported           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      1           | 
                                                                                      4.0 mL, 0.7 %           | 
                                                                                      TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      intracoelmic injection           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE           | 
                                                                                      2 min           | 
                                                                                      Time to no response to tow pinch           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Not Reported           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      1           | 
                                                                                      4.0 mL, 0.7 %           | 
                                                                                      TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      intracoelmic injection           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | MEDETOMIDINE           | 
                                                                                      See citation Figure 1           | 
                                                                                      Mean heart rate           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      Tortoise Colony at Colorado State University           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      0 m: 150 µg/kg medetomidine; 60 m: 0.75 mg/kg atipamezole           | 
                                                                                      TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects           | 
                                                                                      Single dose           | 
                                                                                      Intramuscular injection           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | MEDETOMIDINE           | 
                                                                                      See citation Figure 2           | 
                                                                                      Mean respiratory rate           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      Tortoise Colony at Colorado State University           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      0 m: 150 µg/kg medetomidine; 60 m: 0.75 mg/kg atipamezole           | 
                                                                                      TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects           | 
                                                                                      Single dose           | 
                                                                                      Intramuscular injection           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | MEDETOMIDINE           | 
                                                                                      See citation Figure 3           | 
                                                                                      Mean ventricular partial pressure of oxygen           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      Tortoise Colony at Colorado State University           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      0 m: 150 µg/kg medetomidine; 60 m: 0.75 mg/kg atipamezole           | 
                                                                                      TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects           | 
                                                                                      Single dose           | 
                                                                                      Intramuscular injection           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | MEDETOMIDINE           | 
                                                                                      See citation Figure 4           | 
                                                                                      Mean ventricular blood pressure           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      Tortoise Colony at Colorado State University           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      0 m: 150 µg/kg medetomidine; 60 m: 0.75 mg/kg atipamezole           | 
                                                                                      TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects           | 
                                                                                      Single dose           | 
                                                                                      Intramuscular injection           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | MERCURY (elemental)           | 
                                                                                      See citation Table 1; µg/g ww           | 
                                                                                      Total concentrations in brain, liver, tail tissue           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      Not Reported           | 
                                                                                      Colusa National Wildlife Refuge (Colusa County); Natomas Basin (Sacramento County); Butte County, Glenn County; Yolo County           | 
                                                                                      23           | 
                                                                                      Total concentrations in brain, liver, tail tissue           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      Environmental contamination           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      |            | 
                                                                                      See citation Table 4; µg/g ww           | 
                                                                                      Total concentration in liver tissue           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      Not Reported           | 
                                                                                      Colusa National Wildlife Refuge (Colusa County); Natomas Basin (Sacramento County); Butte County, Glenn County; Yolo County           | 
                                                                                      23           | 
                                                                                      Total concentration in liver tissue           | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                                 | 
                                                                                      Environmental contamination           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | LINDANE           | 
                                                                                      153 ± 2.5 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Embryo           | 
                                                                                      Texas Tech University, Lubbock           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      842 ± 169 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      TOX-EXP IND - accumulation           | 
                                                                                      6 w           | 
                                                                                      Spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | HEPTACHLOR           | 
                                                                                      2.3 ± 2.0 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Embryo           | 
                                                                                      Texas Tech University, Lubbock           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      726 ± 114 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      TOX-EXP IND - accumulation           | 
                                                                                      6 w           | 
                                                                                      Spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | ALDRIN           | 
                                                                                      5.5 ± 6.6 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Embryo           | 
                                                                                      Texas Tech University, Lubbock           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      635 ± 94 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      TOX-EXP IND - accumulation           | 
                                                                                      6 w           | 
                                                                                      Spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | DIELDRIN           | 
                                                                                      8.9 ± 2.9 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Embryo           | 
                                                                                      Texas Tech University, Lubbock           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      2266 ± 352 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      TOX-EXP IND - accumulation           | 
                                                                                      6 w           | 
                                                                                      Spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | ENDRIN           | 
                                                                                      25 ± 16 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Embryo           | 
                                                                                      Texas Tech University, Lubbock           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      2382 ± 365 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      TOX-EXP IND - accumulation           | 
                                                                                      6 w           | 
                                                                                      Spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           | 
              
          
                                                                                      | DDT (4,4'-)           | 
                                                                                      Not detected           | 
                                                                                      Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      NR           | 
                                                                                      Embryo           | 
                                                                                      Texas Tech University, Lubbock           | 
                                                                                      10           | 
                                                                                      2201 ± 511 ng/g           | 
                                                                                      TOX-EXP IND - accumulation           | 
                                                                                      6 w           | 
                                                                                      Spiked nest material           | 
                                                                                      Toxicity Factor Datasets           |