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Gopherus agassizi

Citation:

Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California

Author(s)
Turner, Frederick B., Philip A. Medica and Craig L. Lyons
Pages
811-820
Year
Issue
4
Volume
1984
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 3.17 0.12SE 2.10-4.34 kg Male Adult Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] 24 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year range of means for 2 yr period 1.10 - 1.60 clutches/yr Female Adult Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] 15-40 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality range of annual mortality rates from 1980 and 1981 4.4 - 18.4 % Both Male and Female Adult Ivanpah Valley [lat., 35^o23'N; long., 115^o18'W] Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Studies of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Woodbury, Angus M. and Ross Hardy
Pages
145-200
Year
Volume
18
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 722-5228 g Both Male and Female Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) 41 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.25 #/acre Both Male and Female Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 50 10-100 acres Both Male and Female Not Reported NE Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3-7 eggs/clutch Female Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying early summer laying Female Not Reported Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 12-20 yr Female Adult Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County (elev., 3200-3500 ft) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Estimated density and distribution of the desert tortoise at Fort Irwin, National Training Center and Goldstone Space Communications Complex

Author(s)
Woodman, A. Peter, Stephen M. Juarez, Eugene D. Humphreys, Karen Kirtland and Lawrence F. LaPre
Pages
81-99
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of population densities in % of area (800 mi2) surveyed 20-250 (10% of area); <20 (90% of area) #/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported Fort Irwin National Training Center and Goldstone Space Communication Center, Barstow Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Desert tortoise (Mojave population) recovery plan

Author(s)
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Pages
73
Publisher
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) relocation: implications of social behavior and movements

Author(s)
Berry, Kristin H.
Pages
113-125
Year
Issue
1
Volume
42
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 53 39-77 ha Male Not Reported Argus Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 21 8-46 ha Female Not Reported Argus Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Production of mallards on irrigated land in the Sacramento Valley

Author(s)
Earl, John P.
Pages
23
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Territory Size 70 mean length of drainage ditch (5 ft wide) defended 48-95 yd Male Adult Conaway Ranch 8 ducks Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition May 16-29 peak hatching period Both Male and Female Hatchling Conaway Ranch Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 396 breeding density pairs/18000 acres Both Male and Female Adult Conaway Ranch 396 pairs Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting April-June time from earliest clutch laid to last clutch hatched Female Adult Conaway Ranch Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 52 proportion of nests that hatched at least one egg % Female Adult Conaway Ranch 60 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.37 mean clutch size 7-10 eggs Female Adult Conaway Ranch 40 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.72 ducks/acre Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Conaway Ranch Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica

Citation:

Selenium accumulation and ecology of the San Joaquin kit fox in the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge Area

Author(s)
Paveglio, Fred L and Steven D. Clifton
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, San Luis Wildlife Refuge
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition insects (1.3%), Hermann's kangaroo rat (19.6%), California vole (31.5%), deer mouse (14.4%), California ground squirrel (24.4%), Audubon's cottontail (12.0%), unident. plant material (0.7%) relative composition of prey remains in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge 25 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Assessment of abundance of San Joaquin kit foxes by spotlight surveys

Author(s)
Ralls, Katherine and L. Lee Eberhardt
Pages
65-73
Year
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Population Density see citation figures showing seasonal abundance and density counts Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,239 surveys (dry season); 883 surveys (wet season) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range characteristics of the San Joaquin kit fox in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Spiegel, Linda K. and Michael Bradbury
Pages
83-92
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 1.61 denning range, based on observations of marked individuals at dens 0.20 SE km2 Both Male and Female Adult south San Joaquin Valley 26 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 5.82 nocturnal range, based on noctural locations of marked individuals 0.45 SE km2 Both Male and Female Adult south San Joaquin Valley 26 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 6.13 based on all observations of marked individuals 0.45 SE 1.69-11.18 km2 Both Male and Female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density denning density 1 den/28 ha - 1 den/37 ha Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves 1010 dens Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density adult density 2-2.8 #/260 ha Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves 361 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 22 mo Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying December time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition early February Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.1 mean litter size pups Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis

Citation:

Notes on ecology and food of the Kit fox in Central Utah

Author(s)
Smith, Dwight G.
Pages
96 - 98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Population Density 4 mean number of pairs on study area 1-5 pairs/207 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 mean animal density in study area adult/12.9 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean litter size 2-4 pups Female Adult 8 litters Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition black-tailed hare (61.4%), cottontail rabbit (7.7%); also Ord's kangaroo rat, deer mouse, pocket mouse, horned lark, unident. passerine, beetle proportion of total prey items identified in stomach contents Both Male and Female Adult 18 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 200 denning range (area enclosing occupied den sites) ha Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 16 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying January based on reproductive condition of adults at time of capture Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 10.2 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location 0.8 SE 8-14 mo Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 6 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 2.4 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location 0.7 SE mo Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 13 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
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