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| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalation Rate | 0-52 | respiration rate in dormant bats at 40 deg F | respirations/min | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 24.3 | g | Female | Adult | 15 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 20.6 | g | Male | Adult | 2 colonies | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 34.7 | g | Female | Adult | 10 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 25.2 | g | Male | Adult | 16 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Mating/ Laying | late Oct.-Nov. | period over which copulation occurs | Both Male and Female | Adult | 1 male, 5 females | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 9 | estimation based on observations in wild and captive bats | wks | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 1.8 | 1-3 | young | Female | Adult | 28 bats | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Food Ingestion Rate | range of mean daily intake of mealworms by captive bats | 3.5-4.7 | g/d | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 bats | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | total extractable lipids in carcass | 5-15 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | near cities | 4 bats | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | human derived food items (12.2%), ground squirrel (67.8%), pocket gopher (3.9%), unident. rodent (5.0%), leporid (5.0%), bird (12.2%), insect (23.3%), other (2.2%) | frequency of occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | Bakersfield, CA | 180 scats | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 | 0.4-.63 | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | extreme southern San Joaquin Valley | 57 foxes | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 | 0.55-0.57 | Male | Adult | extreme southern San Joaquin Valley | 25 foxes | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Survival/ Mortality | Survival rates of radiocollared foxes for 1990, 1991 | 0.27-0.86 | Female | Adult | extreme southern San Joaquin Valley | 32 foxes | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Dipodomus ingens (17%), Dipodomys sp. (14%), D. heermanni (10%), Unident. rodents (6%), Oedaleonotus enigma (66%), Pocalta ursinus (5%), Coniontis sp. (1%), Stenopelmatus (9%), grass (74%) | Percent occurrence in scats | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 6 mi. east of Panoche | 74 scats (1 den) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Population Density | 1 | estimated average density based on censuses and literature values | fox/2.8 mi2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 108 dens | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | approximate range of individual foxes | 1-2 | mi2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | Buena Vista Valley | 12 foxes | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 1.9 | calculated with Minimum Area Method | 1.1 SD | km2 | Male | Adult | Pine Valley | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | 1.4 | calculated with Minimum Area Method | 0.7 SD | km2 | Female | Adult | Pine Valley | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | 4.2 | calculated with Minimum Area Method | 1.5 SD | km2 | Male | Adult | Pine Valley | 5 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | 1.9 | calculated with Minimum Area Method | 1.2 SD | km2 | Female | Adult | Pine Valley | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | population density on 10,359.9 ha study area | 470.9-1035.9 | ha/fox | Both Male and Female | Adult | western Utah | foxes 9-22 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutch or Litter Size | range of mean litter sizes over four years | 2.75-5 | pups | Female | Adult | western Utah | 2-6 litters/year | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 9.1 | average annual growth rate estimated from plastron length | 0.4 SE | 4.3 - 14.4 | mm/yr | Both Male and Female | Rock Valley, Nye County | 22 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | BW = 0.000258(PL)^2.98 | Body weight (BW; 30-3000g) to plastron length (PL; 30-300 mm) relationship | g | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Rock Valley, Nye County | 83 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 0-10 | #/km2 | Not Reported | Not Reported | China Lake Naval Weapons Center | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | see citation | figure of seasonal changes in metabolic rates | L CO2/kg/d | Male | Adult | Desert Tortoise Natural Area, California City (elev. 869-945 m) [lat., 35^o10'N, long., 118^o10'W] and Ivanpah Valley (elev., 866-914 m) [35^o39'N, 115^o15' W] | 6-11 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Apr.-May and Aug.-Nov. | Both Male and Female | Adult | 50 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Time of Nesting | May-July | Female | Adult | 50 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Time of Torpor or Hibernation | Oct. - Apr. | Both Male and Female | Adult | 50 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.68 | eggs/female | 0.3 SE | 2-7 | eggs/female | Female | Adult | 19 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutches or Litters per year | 1-2 | clutches/yr | Female | Adult | 19 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 16 - 30 | #/km2 | Not Reported | Not Reported | Beaver Dam Slope | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 125 (26C); 89 (28.1C); 72 (30.6C); 68 (32.8C); 73 (33C); 85 (35.3C) | incubation time at various temperatures (26-35.3C) | d | Not Reported | Embryo | 10-29 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Hatching Success | 50% (26C); 96% (28.1C); 93% (30.6C); 90% (33C); 29% (35.3C) | hatching success at various temperatures (26-35.3C) | Not Reported | Embryo | 10-29 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | range estimated from figure | 15 - 30 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 1820 | mean annual body weight | g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 foxes | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Metabolic Rate | 0.0034 | summer basal metabolic rate | watts/g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12 foxes | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Metabolic Rate | 0.0028 | winter basal metabolic rate | watts/g | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12 foxes | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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