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Gopherus agassizi

Citation:

Growth and age at maturity of North American tortoises in relation to regional climates

Author(s)
Germano, David J.
Pages
918-931
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 9.9 - 10.9 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 33 - 101 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 8.4 - 12.3 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 38 - 112 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 9.1 - 11.2 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 36 - 105 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 6.0 - 7.9 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 12 - 41 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 9.1 - 10.4 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 25-69 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity and age-size relationships of populations of desert tortoises

Author(s)
Germano, David J.
Pages
367-374
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1992
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Longevity age estimated from scute annuli; oldest individual measured 48 - 53 yr Not Reported Adult Mojave, Sonoran and Sinaloan deserts 574 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Changes in a desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) population after a period of high mortality

Author(s)
Germano, David J. and Michele A. Joyner
Pages
190-198
Publisher
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-166
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 59 19-173 (95% CI) #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Piute Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality range of per capita mortality rates (k) for 2 time periods 0.08 - 0.21 /yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Piute Valley 115-130 animals/time period Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.000505(CL)^2.826 regression of carapace length (CL; 80 - 260mm) to body weight (BW; g) g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Piute Valley 53 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Field studies of natality in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi

Author(s)
Hampton, Anne M.
Pages
128-138
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3 estimated from eggshell fragments in nest 1-9 eggs/nest Female Adult Fremont Valley 15 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 300 #/mi2 Not Reported Not Reported Fremont Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Foods of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, in Arizona and Utah

Author(s)
Hansen, Richard M., Mark K. Johnson and Thomas R. Van Devender
Pages
247-251
Year
Issue
3
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Threeawn (Aristida spp., 22 +/- 6%); Globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp., 21 +/- 6%); Slim tridens (Tridens muticus, 20 +/- 7%); Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 19 +/- 3%); Red grama (Bouteloua trifida, 6 +/- 3%) and Sedge (Carex spp., 3 +/- 1%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported Lower Grand Canyon, Mohave County (elev. 450 m) 66 fecal pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Threeawn (Aristida spp., 16 +/- 5%); Globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp., 6 +/- 3%); Slim tridens (Tridens muticus, 50 +/- 8%); Bush muhly (Muhlenbergia porteri, 17 +/- 7%); and Slender janusia (Janusia gracilis, 11 +/- 5%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported New Water Mountains, Yuma County (elev. 490 m) 18 fecal pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens, 64 +/- 4%); Redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium, 23 +/- 5%); Common winterfat (Eurotia lanata, 6 +/- 4%) and Vetch (Astragalus and Oxytropis, 4 +/- 2%) % of each food item in fecal pellets (mean +/- SD) % Not Reported Not Reported Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County (elev. 1000 m) 30 fecal pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal and annual energy budgets of female desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)

Author(s)
Henen, Brian T.
Pages
283-296
Year
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1578 annual, time-weighted body mass 244 SD g Female Adult Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 32.9 egg weight 5.1 SD g Not Reported Embryo Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 6.13 % lipid content of fresh egg mass % Not Reported Embryo Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.56 estimated by x-raying females 1.94 SD eggs/female Female Adult Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate range of mean field metabolic rates, estimated using doubly labeled water 4.38 - 50.45 kJ/d Female Adult Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Sept. - Mar. Female Adult Fenner Valley, Goffs (elev., 680m) {lat., 34^o51'N; long., 115^o09'W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accelerated growth rate and early maturity in Gopherus agassizi (Reptilia: Testudines)

Author(s)
Jackson, Crawford G., Jr., John A. Trotter, Thomas H. Trotter and Mary W. Trotter
Pages
139-145
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.00049(CL)^2.795 Body Weight (BW;150 - 1500 g) and carapace length (CL; 100-300 mm) relationship g Not Reported 7 data points, each based on the average of 4 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 413 25.3 SE 371-485 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1128 57.6 SE 968-1243 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1452 99.4 SE 1156-1580 g Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 715 597-775 g/yr Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 324 188-387 g/yr Not Reported 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Gopherus agassizi longevity

Author(s)
Jennings, Mark A.
Pages
81-82
Year
Issue
3
Volume
12
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Longevity 52 yr Male Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Incubation temperature affects sexual differentiation, incubation time, and posthatching surivival in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi)

Author(s)
Lewis-Winokur, Vanessa and Robert M. Winokur
Pages
2091-2097
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 124.7 (25C); 103.8 (27C); 87.1 (28C); 84.2 (29C); 78.2 (31C) mean incubation times at various temperatures (25-31C) d Not Reported Embryo 10-37 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 53% (25C); 89% (27C); 83% (28C); 100% (29C); 85% (31C) hatching success rates at various temperatures (25-31C) % Not Reported Embryo 13-46 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 20% (25C); 33% (27C); 81% (28C); 84% (29C); 73% (31C) % survival from hatching to >277 d post-hatch at various temperatures (25-31C) % Not Reported Embryo 18-46 eggs/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets

Antrozous pallidus

Citation:

Nocturnal and seasonal activities of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus

Author(s)
O'Shea, Thomas J. and Terry A. Vaughn
Pages
269-284
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition late May through June time of parturition through time when young begin to fly Both Male and Female Adult Camp Verde, Yavapai County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal August juvenile dispersal Both Male and Female Juvenile Camp Verde, Yavapai County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Social effects of roosting on the metabolism of the pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Author(s)
Trune, Dennis R., and C.N. Slobodchikoff
Pages
656-663
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 23.0 19.9-27.3 g Male Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 25.3 22.3-30.5 g Female Adult 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 23.3 21.0-26.8 g Female Juvenile 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of O2 consumption at varying ambient temperatures ml O2/g/hr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5 bats/group Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of eastern Oregon bats, based on stomach and scat analysis

Author(s)
Whitaker, John O., Jr., Chris Maser, and Stephen P. Cross
Year
Issue
4
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Lepidoptera (20.0), unident. Orthoptera (60.0), unident. insects (20.0) Percent volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 5 bats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Natural history of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus (LeConte)

Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Molt May-Aug. Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Torpor or Hibernation late Mar.-early Apr. end of winter dormancy period Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid-Oct. time of dispersal of summer roost colonies Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
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