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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Effects of dicofol on mallard eggshell quality

Author(s)
Bennett, Jewel K., Stephen E. Dominguez and William L. Griffis
Pages
907-912
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 10.3 (0.9 SE) ug/g wet wt. @ 3 ug/g diet; 91.5 (1.5 SE) @ 30 ug/g diet; 332.0 (26.0 SE) @ 100 ug/g diet mean egg yolk concentrations after 37-42 d on DDE diet Female Adult 5-10/dose 0, 3, 30, 100 ug/g diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 42 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) ST = 0.986 - 0.060C regression equation relating shell thickness (mm) to log10 yolk concentration (C, ug/g); r2=0.54 Female Adult 63 0, 3, 30, 100 ug/g diet TOX-REPRO - physiology 42 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) no effect mean daily food consumption rate (166.4 g food/kg body weight) Female Adult 5-10/dose 0, 3, 30, 100 ug/g diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 42 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of ingested petroleum on the plasma prolactin levels during incubation and on the breeding success of paired mallard ducks

Author(s)
Cavanaugh, K.P., A.R. Goldsmith, W.N. Holmes and B.K. Follett
Pages
335-341
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS increase length of reproductive cycle; due to prolonged phase of gonadal maturation Female Adult 17 pairs/dose control, 3 ml South Louisiana crude oil/100 g diet, dry weight TOX-REPRO - physiology 96 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS no effect clutch size Female Adult 17 pairs/dose control, 3 ml South Louisiana crude oil/100 g diet, dry weight TOX-REPRO - physiology 96 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease % hatchability (53% @ 3ml/100g vs 71% in controls) Female Adult 17 pairs/dose control, 3 ml South Louisiana crude oil/100 g diet, dry weight TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 96 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease plasma prolactin levels during oviposition, early incubation and post-natal care Female Adult 5-12/dose control, 3 ml South Louisiana crude oil/100 g diet, dry weight TOX-REPRO - physiology 96 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of lindane on clutch size and level of egg yolk protein in domestic duck

Author(s)
Chakravarty, Sampa, Aditya Mandal and Pulak Lahiri
Pages
93-103
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LINDANE decrease @ 20 mg/kg 7x and 3x/wk egg production and vitellogenin concentration in plasma, liver and ovary Female Adult 5/dose control, 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x/wk TOX-REPRO - physiology 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
LINDANE no effect body weight at end of study Female Adult 5/dose control, 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x/wk TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dieldrin and DDT effects on reproduction and some hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
302-314
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIELDRIN 0.3 ug/g dry wt. @ 0 ppm; 0.9 - 5.0 @ 1 ppm; 4.1 - 40.1 @ 5ppm; 6.1 - 78.5 @ 10 ppm dieldrin concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses Female Adult 18/dose 0, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDT thins shells of eggs from mallard ducks maintained on ad libitum or controlled-feeding regimes

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
222-232
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) decrease @ 20 - 200 ppm eggshell thickness, weight and calcium concentration Female Adult 18/dose 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg TOX-REPRO - physiology 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) increase @ 200 ppm Female Adult 18/dose 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg TOX-MORT - dose-response data 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) decrease @ 20 - 200 ppm eggshell thickness, weight and calcium concentration Female Adult 18/dose 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg TOX-REPRO - physiology 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN 6% decrease @ 10 ppm eggshell thickness Female Adult 18/dose 0, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg TOX-REPRO - physiology 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dieldrin and p,p'-DDT effects on some microsomal enzymes of livers of chickens and mallard ducks

Author(s)
Davison, Kenneth L. and Jerry L. Sell
Pages
1198-1205
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIELDRIN increase @ 10-20 ug/g estradiol metabolism and cytochrome P450 concentration Female Adult 4/dose/sampling time 0, 10, 20 ug/g diet TOX-REPRO - physiology 58 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect body or liver weight at end of experiment Female Adult 4/dose/sampling time 0, 10, 20 ug/g diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 58 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) no effect body weight at end of experiment Female Adult 4/dose/sampling time 0, 100, 200 ug/g diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 58 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) increase @ 100-200 ug/g estradiol metabolism and cytochrome P450 concentration Female Adult 4/dose/sampling time 0, 100, 200 ug/g diet TOX-REPRO - physiology 58 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accumulation and excretion of Cl36 DDT in mallard and lesser scaup duck

Author(s)
Dindal, Daniel L.
Pages
74-92
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) see citation table of DDE, DDD and DDT residues in 21 tissues following varying times after application Not Reported Not Reported Sandusky Bay, Port Clinton 1-6/sample 0.2 lb/acre TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 0-413 d field application Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE: Interference with extra-renal salt excretion in the mallard

Author(s)
Friend, M., M.A. Haegele and R. Wilson
Pages
49-53
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 36-67% decrease @ 10-1000 ppm salt gland excretion volume, compared to controls Male Not Reported 12/dose 0, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 1-9 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biological elimination rates of radioisotopes by mallards contaminated at a liquid radioactive waste disposal area

Author(s)
Halford, Douglas K., O. Doyle Markham and Gary C. White
Pages
745-756
Year
Volume
45
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
RADIONUCLIDES 131I 10d; 140Ba 22d; 51Cr 86d; 58Co 32d; 75Se 26d; 65Zn 67d; 134Cs 10d; 60Co 67d; 137Cs 11 d mean biological half-lives for whole-body retention of 9 radionuclides; ducks exposed in field for varying time periods then depurated in laboratory to determine half-life Both Male and Female Not Reported Idaho National Engineering Lab 4-6/sample see citation for figure of whole-body residues at time 0 TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 75 - 145 d site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Elimination of endrin by mallard ducks

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H. and Richard W. Johnson
Pages
189-196
Year
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ENDRIN see citation figures of carcass and blood endrin concentrations during elimination period (0-64d) Male Adult 2-5/sample 0, 20 mg/kg diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 13 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Behavior of mallard ducklings from parents fed 3 ppm DDE

Author(s)
Heinz, Gary H.
Pages
640-645
Year
Volume
16
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) no effect behavior of offspring; latency in response to approach a maternal call and distance travelled from a frightening stimulus Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 141-175 offspring/dose 0, 3 mg/kg diet (adults) TOX-REPRO - behavior 3-6 mo diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 0.021 - 0.028 ppm wet wt @ 0 ppm; 5.8 (0.32 SE; range 4.28-7.23) ppm wet wt @ 3 ppm mean and range of DDE egg concentrations Female Adult 8 eggs/dose 0, 3 mg/kg diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 3-6 mo diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) increase @ 3 ppm responsiveness of offspring to maternal call; % that approached call and % that spent 100% of time near call after initial approach Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 148-156 offspring/dose 0, 3 mg/kg diet (adults) TOX-REPRO - behavior 3-6 mo diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) decrease @ 3ppm decrease in distance traveled in those offspring that traveled more than 10 cm from a frightening stimulus Female Adult 4 adults/dose; 64-71 offspring/dose 0, 3 mg/kg diet (adults) TOX-REPRO - behavior 3-6 mo diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of lindane, paraquat, toxaphene and 2,4,5-trichlorphenoxyacetic acid on mallard embryo development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
79-86
Year
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LINDANE 62 lbs AI/acre (slope = 8.13) for exposure of 3d embryo; 52 lbs AI/acre (slope = 9.19) for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose 3-6 doses (lbs/acre) @ 100 gal emulsifiable concn./acre TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single in ovo, immersion Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARAQUAT 1.5 lbs AI/acre (slope = 1.66) for exposure of 3d embryo; 2.5 lbs AI/acre (slope = 1.40) for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose 3-6 doses (lbs/acre) @ 100 gal emulsifiable concn. in water/acre TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single in ovo, immersion Toxicity Factor Datasets
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) 108 lbs AI/acre (slope = 1.62) for exposure of 3d embryo; 101 lbs AI/acre (slope = 3.06) for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose 3-6 doses (lbs/acre) @ 100 gal emulsifiable concn./acre TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single in ovo, immersion Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4,5-) 106 lbs AI/acre (slope = 3.7) for exposure of 3d embryo; 116 lbs AI/acre (slope = 3.8) for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose 3-6 doses (lbs/acre) @ 100 gal emulsifiable concn./acre TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single in ovo, immersion Toxicity Factor Datasets
LINDANE 8.5 lbs AI/acre (slope = 1.34) for exposure of 3d embryo; 7.3 lbs AI/acre (slope = 2.72) for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose 3-6 doses (lbs/acre) @ 11 gal oil base carrier/acre TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single in ovo, external application Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARAQUAT 0.1 lbs AI/acre (slope = 2.10) for exposure of 3d embryo; 0.2 lbs AI/acre (slope = 3.29) for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose 3-6 doses (lbs/acre) @ 11 gal oil base carrier/acre TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single in ovo, external application Toxicity Factor Datasets
TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) 66 lbs AI/acre for exposure of 3d embryo; 66 lbs AI/acre for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose 3-6 doses (lbs/acre) @ 11 gal oil base carrier/acre TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single in ovo, external application Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4,5-) 44 lbs AI/acre for exposure of 3d embryo; 44 lbs AI/acre for exposure of 8d embryo LC50 Not Reported Embryo 30/dose 3-6 doses (lbs/acre) @ 11 gal oil base carrier/acre TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single in ovo, external application Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Subacute dietary toxicities of dicrotophos and dieldrin in time-replicated trials with young ring-necked pheasants and mallards

Author(s)
Hill, E.F.
Pages
105-120
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DICROTOPHOS 101.8 (coeff. of variation = 21.6%) 5 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose 0, 40, 55, 76, 105, 145, 200 ppm diet TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 5 days diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN 155.8 (coeff. of variation = 16.0%) 5 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose 0, 75, 93, 116, 145, 180, 225 ppm diet TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 5 days diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICROTOPHOS decreased @ 55 and 145 ppm consumption of treated diet compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose 0, 40, 55, 76, 105, 145, 200 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 5 days diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICROTOPHOS 506.7 (coeff. of variation = 40.3%) 5 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose 0, 120, 158, 209, 276, 360 ppm diet TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 5 days diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN 200.7 (coeff. of variation 22.3%) 5 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 8-10/dose 0, 100, 132, 173, 228, 300 ppm diet TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 5 days diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of adult mallard age on avian reproductive tests

Author(s)
Gile, Jay D. and S. Mark Meyers
Pages
751-56
Year
Volume
15
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased body weight compared to controls Both Male and Female Adult 24 pairs/dose 0, 80 (+/- 10%) ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 19 weeks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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