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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Mallard egg quality: Enhancement by low levels of petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons

Author(s)
Vangilder, Larry D. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
17-23
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) no effect onset of laying, egg production, egg fertility and egg hatchability, compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose control, 5 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology pre-breeding period (19 Feb. - 5 Apr., 1980) + breeding period to hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three domestic avian species, and of PAHs and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the common eider

Author(s)
Brunstrom, Bjorn, Dag Broman and Carina Naf
Pages
133-143
Year
Volume
67
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) increase @ 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg embryonic mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Embryo 22/dose control, 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg, mixture of 18 PAHs; injected into egg yolks TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
BENZO[k]FLUORANTHENE increase @ 0.2, 2.0 mg/kg egg embryo mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Embryo 20/dose control, 0.2, 2.0 mg benzo[k]fluoranthene/kg egg; injected into egg yolks TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of dietary acid or aluminum on growth and growth-related hormones in mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Capdevielle, M.C. and C.G. Scanes
Pages
462-468
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ALUMINUM SULFATE decrease @ 0.5% body weight, average daily weight gain and tibiotarsus length, compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/dose control, 0.1, 0.5% aluminum as Al2(SO4)3 TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 15 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALUMINUM SULFATE 3.59 ppm dry wt @ control, 5.16 ppm @ 0.1%, 15.52 ppm @ 0.05% liver aluminum concentrations (ppm, dry wt) in ducklings Not Reported Juvenile 8/dose control, 0.1, 0.5% aluminum as Al2(SO4)3 TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 15 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALUMINUM SULFATE no effect plasma growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations Not Reported Juvenile 8/dose control, 0.1, 0.5% aluminum as Al2(SO4)3 TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 15 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of sewage sludge on the immune defenses of mallards

Author(s)
Goldberg, D.R. and T.M. Yuill
Pages
209-217
Year
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SEWAGE SLUDGE no effect immune defenses; resistance to Pasturella multocida estimated by % mortality 14 d after challenge, compared to controls Male Adult 10/dose control, 5%, 20% Milorganite or Metrogro TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d (Milorganite); 57 d (Metrogro) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
SEWAGE SLUDGE increase @ 20% Milorganite or Metrogro liver cadmium concentrations; compared to controls Male Adult 10/dose control, 5%, 20% Milorganite or Metrogro TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 28 d (Milorganite); 57 d (Metrogro) diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxicity of trimethyltin and triethyltin to mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Fleming, W. James, Elwood F. Hill and Jeffrey J. Momot
Pages
255-260
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 5, 50 ppm % mortality (100% mortality within 5 d for 50 ppm dose), compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-MORT - dose-response data 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 50 ppm incidence of mild to marked degeneration of neurons of the pons, medulla oblongata, gray matter of the spinal cord and pyrimidal cells of the cerebral cortex; mild to moderate lympoid depletion of spleen and thymus; atrophy of myofibers in skeletal and ca Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 73-75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE 17% decrease @ 5 ppm body weight Not Reported 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIMETHYLTIN CHLORIDE increase @ 5 ppm cephalic tumor incidence Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as trimethyltin chloride TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
TRIETHYLTIN CHLORIDE no effect % mortality, compared to controls Not Reported Juvenile 5/dose control, 0.5, 5.0, 50 ppm (Sn) as triethyltin chloride TOX-MORT - dose-response data 73 - 75 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Falco peregrinus

Citation:

Environmental contaminants in Canadian peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus: a toxicological assessment

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., David G. Noble, John E. Elliot, James D. Somers, and Gary Erickson
Pages
244-254
Year
Issue
2
Volume
104
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) review concentrations of chemicals in eggs and diet associated with mortality and eggshell thinning (various raptor species) Not Reported Adult Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported NR TOX-MORT - dose-response data NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced productivity (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported NR TOX-MORT - dose-response data NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) Not Reported Adult Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported NR TOX-MORT - dose-response data NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
OXYCHLORDANE review concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported NR TOX-MORT - dose-response data NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEXACHLOROBENZENE review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY COMPOUNDS review concentrations in brain and liver associated with mortality (various avian species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported NR TOX-MORT - dose-response data NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY COMPOUNDS review concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various avian species) Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - reproductive success NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Shell thinning in eggs of Ungava peregrines

Author(s)
Berger, Daniel D., Daniel W. Anderson, James D. Weaver, and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
265-267
Year
Volume
84
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 12.7 +/- 8.7 ppm (wet wt), 253 +/- 160 ppm (lipid wt) mean (+/-SE) DDE concentration in eggs Female Adult Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories 10 eggs 334 +/- 95 ppm in fat (mean +/-SE; lipid basis) of adult females TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 21% decrease eggshell thickness compared to pre-1940 museum specimens Female Adult Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories 21 eggs from 12 clutches mean +/- SE concentrations, ppm: 253 +/- 160 (eggs); 334 +/- 95 (fat of adult females, lipid basis) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE residues and eggshell characteristics of reestablished peregrines in the eastern United States

Author(s)
Gilroy, Martin J., and John H. Barclay
Pages
403-411
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 12.1% percent eggshell thinning (as indicated by Ratcliffe Index) compared to pre-1947 eggs Not Reported Embryo Mid-Atlantic coastal and urban breeding sites 39 eggs range of concentrations in eggs, ppm, wet wt : 2.5-18 (DDT and metabolites); 0.06-0.47 (heptachlor epoxide); 0.16-0.82 (oxychlordane); 2.1-19 (PCBs) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines and eggshell thinning in peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus eggs from the eastern United States

Author(s)
Burns, S.A., W.M. Jarman, T.J. Cade, L.F. Kiff and B.J. Walton
Pages
709-716
Publisher
Pica Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 11% decrease eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult eastern U.S. coast 112 eggs geometric mean concentrations in eggs (n=37), ppm, wet wt: 7.8 (DDE) and 8.9 (PCBs) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thickness and contaminant analysis of reintroduced, urban nesting peregrine falcons in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Septon, Greg A., and Jim B. Marks
Pages
25-30
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
AROCLOR 1248, AROCLOR 1254, AROCLOR 1260, DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult urban nest sites 9 eggs mean concentrations in 7 eggs, ppm, wet wt: 3.61 (DDE); 0.026 (DDT); 5.71 (Aroclor 1260); 0.446 (Aroclor 1248); 0.16 (Aroclor 1254); 0.163 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorines in Alaskan peregrine falcon eggs and their current impact on productivity

Author(s)
Ambrose, Robert E., Charles J. Henny, Robin E. Hunter, and John A. Crawford
Pages
385-393
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 13.1% and 13.6% decreases in tundrius and anatum ssp. eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 21 and 34 eggs for tundrius and anatum ssp. 9.3-10.6 ppm DDE, wet wt, in eggs of tundrius and anatum ssp. TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thinning and DDE residue levels among peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus: A global perspective.

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., and Lloyd F. Kiff
Pages
200-204
Year
Issue
2
Volume
121
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) review eggshell thickness compared to that of pre-1945 eggs Female Adult Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The relative importance of DDE and dieldrin in the decline of peregrine falcon populations.

Author(s)
Nisbet, Ian C.T.
Pages
351-375
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIELDRIN review mortality in conjunction with pesticide use and residues in birds Not Reported Adult Not Reported NR TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine residues in Alaskan peregrines

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., Tom J. Cade, Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
255-260
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 7.4-8.3% percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs Female Adult Amchitka 3-7 eggs/year 25.0-39.8 ppm, dry wt, in eggs (range of annual means) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 16.8-24.9% percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs Female Adult Colville, Yukon, Tanana Rivers 3-11 eggs/year 105.6-344.3 ppm, dry wt, in eggs (range of annual means) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pollutants and eggshell thinning in peregrines and their prey in the Baja California region

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D., and M. Alan Jenkins
Pages
413-421
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4-25.0 (DDE); 0.5-10.6 (PCBs); 0.2-4.2 (Hg) residues in eggs (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult Gulf of California 5 eggs (from 5 nests) range of residues in 8 prey species, whole body or muscle, ppm wet wt: 0.44-7.45 (DDE); 0.02-1.67 (PCBs); 0.3-3.15 (Hg) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS +2 to 16% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult Gulf of California 5 eggs (from 5 nests) range of residues in eggs, ppm, wet wt: 2.4-25.0 (DDE); 0.5-10.6 (PCBs); 0.2-4.2 (Hg) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Long term trends and sources of organochlorine contamination in Canadian tundra peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus tundrius

Author(s)
Johnstone, Robin M., Gordon S. Court, Adrian C. Fesser, D. Mark Bradley, Lynn W. Oliphant, and James D. MacNeil
Pages
109-120
Year
Issue
2
Volume
93
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 8.31 (1.67-45.63; PCBs); 4.45 (0.76-28.05; DDE); 0.36 (0.05-1.80; dieldrin) geometric mean (range) residues in eggs, ppm, wet wt Female Adult Rankin Inlet 20 eggs geometric mean residues in prey species, ppm, wet wt: non-detect. - 2.11(DDE); non-detect. - 6.88 (PCBs); 0 - 0.51 (dieldrin) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR environmental contamination; diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 15% percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-DDT reference eggs Female Adult Rankin Inlet 20 eggs geometric mean (range) residues in eggs, ppm, wet wt: 8.31 (1.67-45.63; PCBs); 4.45 (0.76-28.05; DDE); 0.36 (0.05-1.80; dieldrin) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.12 (0-2.59; PCBs); 0.06 (0-2.70; DDE); ND (0-0.06; dieldrin) geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of nestlings Not Reported Juvenile Rankin Inlet 79 nestlings geometric mean residues in prey species, ppm, wet wt: non-detect. - 2.11(DDE); non-detect. - 6.88 (PCBs); 0 - 0.51 (dieldrin) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Citation:

Changes attributable to pesticides in egg breakage frequency and eggshell thickness in some British birds.

Author(s)
Ratcliffe, D.A.
Pages
67-115
Year
Issue
1
Volume
7
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ALDRIN, DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), DIELDRIN, ENDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, LINDANE review eggshell breakage, weight and thickness compared to 1950 measurements Female Adult Not Reported NR TOX-REPRO - physiology NR environmental contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
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