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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Effects of petroleum on adrenocortical activity and on hepatic naphthalene-metabolizing activity in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Gorsline, J. and W.N. Holmes
Pages
765-777
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 3% plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control Male Juvenile 24/dose control, 3% (3 ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 1 wk diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 3% body weight Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% ( ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 50 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1 and 3% daily food intake rate Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% ( ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 50 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 0.5, 1, 3% plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% (ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 3-9 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 0.5% plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% (ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 50 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 0.5, 1, 3% hepatic microsomal naphthalene metabolism (nmol/min/mg protein) Male Juvenile Not Reported control, 0.5, 1, 3% (ml South Louisiana crude oil/ 100 g dry food) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 50 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of boron on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Michael B. Camardese, Leonard J. Lecaptain
Pages
335-346
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
BORIC ACID decrease @ 1600 ppm growth rate measured as changes in body weight, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID decrease @ 1600 ppm hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration, compared to controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID increase @ 100, 400, 1600 ppm plasma triglyceride concentration (21-42% increase, compared to controls) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID increase @ 1600 ppm plasma calcium concentration (6-10% greater than controls) and brain acetylcholinestrase activity (umol/min/g) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID 2 ug/g @ control; 4 ug/g @ 100 ppm; 5 ug/g @ 400 ppm; 51 ug/g @ 1600 ppm boron accumulation in brain (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID decrease @ 400 and 1600 ppm brain ATP (nmol/g) and protein (mg/g) concentrations Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID 1 ug/g @ controls; 3 ug/g @ 100 ppm; 3 ug/g @ 400 ppm; 29 ug/g @ 1600 ppm liver boron concentration (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight) Both Male and Female Juvenile 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose control, 100, 400, 1600 ppm B as boric acid TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Toxic effects of boron on mallard reproduction

Author(s)
Smith, Gregory J. and Velora P. Anders
Pages
943-950
Year
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
BORIC ACID decrease @ 1000 ppm % hatching success in fertile eggs and productivity per female (mean # of 21 d old ducklings) Both Male and Female Adult 15/sex/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID no effect eggshell thickness and Ratcliffe index of eggshell quality Female Adult 15/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-REPRO - physiology 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID increase @ 1000 ppm % embryo mortality (day 15 to hatch) and duckling mortality (hatch to day 7) Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 11-23/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-REPRO - development 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID decrease @ 300, 1000 ppm body weight of hatchlings, compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 11-23/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-REPRO - development 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID decrease @ 30, 300, 1000 ppm hatchling weight gain over 21 d, compared to controls Both Male and Female Hatchling 11-23/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID Egg; 3 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 13 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 49 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Liver; 15 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 33 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Brain; 14 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 41 ug/g @ 1000 ppm boron concentrations in adult tissues (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight). Both Male and Female Adult 10-20/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
BORIC ACID Liver; 3 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 17 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 51 ug/g @ 1000 ppm: Brain; 4 ug/g @ 30 ppm, 19 ug/g @ 300 ppm, 66 ug/g @ 1000 ppm boron concentrations in ducklings 21 d of age (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight). Concentrations at other doses were not detected. Both Male and Female Juvenile 10-13/dose control, 30, 300, 1000 ppm B as boric acid (dry wt basis) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 3 wks (pre-breeding) + breeding period to 21 d post-hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Oil and related toxicant effects on mallard immune defenses

Author(s)
Rocke, T.E., T.M. Yuill and R.D. Hinsdill
Pages
343-352
Year
Volume
33
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS no effect % mortality, compared to controls Male Adult 5/dose control, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg South Louisiana crude oil, daily TOX-MORT - dose-response data 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight, gross lesions or signs of clinical illness, compared to controls Male Adult 5/dose control, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg South Louisiana crude oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS no effect body weight and gross lesion incidence, compared to controls Male Adult 4-5/dose control, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg Bunker C fuel oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS decrease @ 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg/d mean spleen index (spleen wt./body wt.) Male Adult 4-5/dose control, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 7.0, 12.0 ml/kg Bunker C fuel oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
COREXIT 9527 no effect % mortality, compared to controls Male Adult 6/dose control, 0.006, 0.012, 0.025, 0.05 ml/kg, daily; diluted in water TOX-MORT - dose-response data 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
COREXIT 9527 no effect body weight, compared to controls Male Adult 6/dose control, 0.006, 0.012, 0.025, 0.05 ml/kg, daily; diluted in water TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS increase @ 2.5, 4.0 ml/kg susceptibility to Pasturella multocida estimated as % mortality 2-wks post-exposure to Pasturella multocida which was given on day 28 Male Adult 9-32/dose control, 2.5, 4.0 ml/kg Bunker C fuel oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 4.0 ml/kg susceptibility to Pasturella multocida estimated as % mortality 2-wks post-exposure to Pasturella multocida which was given on day 28 Male Adult 10-32/dose control, 2.5, 4.0 ml/kg South Louisiana crude oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS, FUEL OILS no effect antibody-mediated immunity estimated by direct spleen plaque-forming cell assays (PFCs/g spleen); mallards inoculated with sheep red blood cells on day 24 Male Adult 9/dose control, 4.0 ml/kg South Louisiana crude oil or Bunker C fuel oil, daily TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 28 d gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of dispersant and crude oil ingestion on mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos)

Author(s)
Eastin, W.C. Jr. and B.A. Rattner
Pages
273-278
Year
Volume
29
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS no effect body weight Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.15% Prudhoe Bay crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase plasma triglyceride and sodium concentrations, compared to control (based on treatment means at 3, 6, 9 wks) Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.15% Prudhoe Bay crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease hematocrit and plasma cholesterol concentration, compared to control (based on treatment means at 3, 6, 9 wks) Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.15% Prudhoe Bay crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
COREXIT 9527 no effect body weight Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.015% TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
COREXIT 9527 increase plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, compared to control Not Reported Juvenile 25/dose control, 0.015% TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 9 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bunker C fuel oil reduces mallard egg hatchability

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C.
Pages
731-732
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
FUEL OILS decrease @ 5, 10, 20, 50 ul 6-day % survival of mallard embryos from eggs treated on the 8th day of incubation Not Reported Embryo 50/dose control, 5, 10, 20, 50 ul Bunker C fuel oil, applied externally to the air cell of viable eggs TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
FUEL OILS decrease @ 5, 10, 20, 50 ul 30-d % hatching success Not Reported Embryo 50/dose control, 5, 10, 20, 50 ul Bunker C fuel oil, applied externally to the air cell of viable eggs TOX-REPRO - reproductive success single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of crude oil on mallard embryos on day one of development

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J.
Pages
632-637
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 1, 5, 10 ul 18-d % survival, mean embryonic weight, crown-rump length (5ul) and bill length Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose control, 1, 5, 10 ul South Louisiana crude oil applied externally to eggs TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 1, 5 ul % abnormal survivors, compared to controls Both Male and Female Embryo 50/dose control, 1, 5, 10 ul South Louisiana crude oil applied externally to eggs TOX-REPRO - development single in ovo Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mallard egg quality: Enhancement by low levels of petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons

Author(s)
Vangilder, Larry D. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
17-23
Year
Volume
30
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS no effect onset of laying, egg production, egg fertility, compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose control, 0.5% (w/w) South Louisiana crude oil TOX-REPRO - physiology pre-breeding period (19 Feb. - 5 Apr., 1980) + breeding period to hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease egg hatchability (# eggs hatching/# fertile eggs), compared to controls Female Adult 20 hens/dose control, 0.5% (w/w) South Louisiana crude oil TOX-REPRO - reproductive success pre-breeding period (19 Feb. - 5 Apr., 1980) + breeding period to hatch diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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