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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Effects of 15 common environmental pollutants on eggshell thickness in mallards and coturnix

Author(s)
Haegele, Max A. and Richard K. Tucker
Pages
98-102
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) decreased @ 500, 1000, 5000 mg/kg bw post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness Female Adult 5/group 0, 500, 1000, 5000 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - physiology single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254 decreased @ 1000 mg/kg bw post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness Female Adult 5/group 0, 1000 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - physiology single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLOROETHYLMERCURY decreased @ 500 mg/kg bw post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness Female Adult 5/group 0, 500 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - physiology single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICHLOROPHENOXY-ACETIC ACID (2,4-) decreased @ 1500 mg/kg bw post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness Female Adult 5/group 0, 1500 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - physiology single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEPTACHLOR decreased @ 1000 mg/kg bw post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness Female Adult 5/group 0, 1000 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - physiology single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENITE, SODIUM decreased @ 100 mg/kg bw post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness Female Adult 5/group 0, 100 mg/kg bw TOX-REPRO - physiology single intubation Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of dietary mercury and lead on eggshell thickness in mallards

Author(s)
Haegele, Max A., Richard K. Tucker and R.H. Hudson
Pages
5-11
Year
Issue
1
Volume
11
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), LEAD COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS decreased @ 40 ppm DDE eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 10/group 0, 40 ppm DDE, 100 ppm lead, or 200 ppm N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluene sulfoanilide TOX-REPRO - physiology 55 d - approx. 2 mos diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-), LEAD COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS decreased with both treatments eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 10/group 0, 40 ppm DDE + 100 ppm lead, or 40 ppm DDE + 200 ppm N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluene sulfoanilide TOX-REPRO - physiology 55 d - approx. 2 mos diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 78.2 (carcass); 61.6 (egg); 4.1 (brain) ppm, wet wt DDE residues in whole carcass, egg contents, and brain Female Adult 10/group 40 ppm DDE TOX-EXP IND - accumulation approx. 2 mos. diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 2.5 (carcass); 1.25 (egg); 23.7 (kidney) ppm, wet wt mercury residues in whole carcass, egg contents, and kidneys Female Adult 10/group 200 ppm N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluene sulfoanilide TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 55 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 3.7 (carcass); 2.5 (egg); 2.5 (eggshells); 9.6 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead; 3.4 (carcass); 0.88 (egg); 2.8 (eggshells); 35.0 (bone) ppm, wet wt @ 100 ppm lead + DDE lead residues in whole carcass, egg contents, eggshells, and bone Female Adult 10/group 100 ppm lead, or 40 ppm DDE + 100 ppm lead TOX-EXP IND - accumulation approx. 2 mos diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Lead poisoning in waterfowl from the Ebro Delta, Spain: Calculation of lead exposure thresholds for mallards

Author(s)
Guitart, R., J. To-Figueras, R. Mateo, A. Bertolero, S. Cerradelo and A. Martinez-Vilalta
Pages
289-293
Year
Volume
27
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LEAD COMPOUNDS 0.822 (0.059-21.60) ppm wet wt geometric mean liver concentration (range) Not Reported Not Reported Ebro Delta Natural Park 39 birds 297,590 shot pellets/ha (in sediment) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS 1.367 (<0.05-29.80) geometric mean concentration in kidneys (range) Not Reported Not Reported Ebro Delta Natural Park 39 birds 297,590 shot pellets/ha (in sediment) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD COMPOUNDS humerus, 41.652 (8.20-211.6); spleen, 0.669 (0.128-2.397); pancreas, 3.295 (1.074-13.47); brain, 1.367 (0.120-117.1) geometric mean concentrations (ranges) in humerus, spleen, pancreas, and brain Not Reported Not Reported Ebro Delta Natural Park 6-10 birds/tissue type 297,590 shot pellets/ha (in sediment) TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of cadmium and lead ingestion on tissue concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc in mallard ducks

Author(s)
Di Giulio, Richard T. and Patrick F. Scanlon
Pages
103-110
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM CHLORIDE, LEAD CHLORIDE 7.2 (0.9) ug Pb/g @ 100 ppm Pb; 104.8 (19.1) ug Pb/g @ 100 ppm Cd; 54.2 (3.7) ug Cd/g @ 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb (dry wt) mean (SE) concentrations in liver Male Juvenile 6-8 birds/dose 0, 10 ppm Cd, 100 ppm Cd, 10 ppm Pb, 100 ppm Pb, 5 ppm Cd +5 ppm Pb, 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 42 +/- 1 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE, LEAD CHLORIDE 67.8 (12.4) @ 10 ppm Cd; 371.8 (22.3) @ 100 ppm Cd; 3.4 (0.6) @ 100 ppm Pb; 201.0 (26.9) @ 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb (ug/g, dry wt) mean (SE) Cd concentrations in kidney Male Juvenile 6-8 birds/dose 0, 10 ppm Cd, 100 ppm Cd, 10 ppm Pb, 100 ppm Pb, 5 ppm Cd +5 ppm Pb, 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 42 +/- 1 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE, LEAD CHLORIDE 4.1 (0.5) @ 10 ppm Pb; 22.5 (1.5) @ 100 ppm Pb; 3.1 (0.3) @ 5 ppm Cd + 5 ppm Pb; 16.1 (1.4) @ 50 ppm Cd+ 50 ppm Pb (ug/g, dry wt) mean (SE) Pb concentrations in kidney Male Juvenile 6-8 birds/dose 0, 10 ppm Cd, 100 ppm Cd, 10 ppm Pb, 100 ppm Pb, 5 ppm Cd +5 ppm Pb, 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 42 +/- 1 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD CHLORIDE 56.7(7.7) @ 100 ppm Cd; 37.7 (3.7) @ 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb (ug/g, dry wt) mean (SE) Cu concentrations (ug/g, dry wt) in kidney Male Juvenile 6-8 birds/dose 0, 10 ppm Cd, 100 ppm Cd, 10 ppm Pb, 100 ppm Pb, 5 ppm Cd +5 ppm Pb, 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 42 +/- 1 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE, LEAD CHLORIDE, ZINC COMPOUNDS 99 (6) @ 110 ppm Cd; 125 (7) @ 100 ppm Cd; 100 (5) @ 5 ppm Cd + 5 ppm Pb; 112 (2) @ 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb mean (SE) Zn concentrations (ug/g, dry wt) in kidney Male Juvenile 6-8 birds/dose 0, 10 ppm Cd, 100 ppm Cd, 10 ppm Pb, 100 ppm Pb, 5 ppm Cd +5 ppm Pb, 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Pb TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 42 +/- 1 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Histopathologic efffects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H., Mack T. Finley and John F. Ferrell
Pages
551-558
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 200 ppm weight of kidneys versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds 0, 2, 20, 200 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 30, 60, or 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE decreased @ 200 ppm weight of testes versus controls Male Adult 5 birds 0, 2, 20, 200 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 30, 60, or 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 200 ppm incidence of kidney lesions versus controls Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds 0, 2, 20, 200 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 30, 60, or 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE increased @ 200 ppm incidence of testes alterations (atrophy, decreased spermatogenesis) versus controls Male Adult 5 birds 0, 2, 20, 200 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 30, 60, or 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE 0.46 (@ 0 ppm), 4.63 (@ 2 ppm), 54.33 (@ 20 ppm), 77.22 (@ 200 ppm) ppm, wet wt mean Cd concentrations in kidneys (ppm, wet wt) by 90 days Both Male and Female Adult 10 birds 0, 2, 20, 200 ppm TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 30, 60, or 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM CHLORIDE 0.03 (@ 0 ppm), 0.02 (@ 2 ppm), 0.72 (@ 20 ppm) 8.47 (@ 200 ppm) ppm, wet wt mean Cd concentrations in testes (ppm, wet wt) by 90 days Male Adult 5 birds 0, 2, 20, 200 ppm TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 30, 60, or 90 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Interactive effects of arsenate, selenium, and dietary protein on survival, growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., Caroline J. Sanderson, Leonard J. LeCaptain, Eugene Cromartie and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
55-62
Year
Volume
22
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased (40%) @ 60 ppm Se incidence of mortality versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 200 ppm As, 15 ppm Se + 200 ppm As, 50 ppm Se + 200 ppm As (each dose combined with 22% protein in diet) TOX-MORT - dose-response data 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 60 ppm Se incidence of ducklings with histopathological lesions versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 200 ppm As, 15 ppm Se + 200 ppm As, 50 ppm Se + 200 ppm As (each dose combined with 22% protein in diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE decreased @ 60 ppm Se, 200 ppm As growth rate of body weight versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 200 ppm As, 15 ppm Se + 200 ppm As, 50 ppm Se + 200 ppm As (each dose combined with or 22% protein in diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased @ 60 ppm Se glutathione peroxidase activity versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 200 ppm As, 15 ppm Se + 200 ppm As, 50 ppm Se + 200 ppm As (each dose combined with 22% protein in diet) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM, SELENOMETHIONINE increased (100%) @ 60 ppm Se and (53%) @ 200 ppm As incidence of mortality versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 15 birds/group 0, 15 ppm Se, 60 ppm Se, 200 ppm As, 15 ppm Se + 200 ppm As, 50 ppm Se + 200 ppm As (each dose combined with 7% protein in diet) TOX-MORT - dose-response data 4 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Camardese, Michael B., David J. Hoffman, Leonard J. LeCaptain and Grey W. Pendleton
Pages
785-795
Year
Volume
9
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ARSENATE, SODIUM no effect survival rate versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-MORT - dose-response data 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM decreased @ 30, 100, 300 ppm growth rate versus controls Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM decreased @ 300 ppm growth rate versus controls Male Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM no effect incidence of histopathological lesions, and liver, brain, and spleen weights Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 300 ppm plasma biochemistry changes versus controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 10, 100, 300 ppm plasma concentration of triglycerides Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 10, 100, 300 ppm incidence of altered brain and liver biochemistry Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ARSENATE, SODIUM increased @ 100 ppm ( 0.3 ppm, dry wt), 300 ppm (1.3 ppm, dry wt) arsenic concentrations in liver (geometric means in parentheses) Both Male and Female Juvenile 30 birds/group 0, 30, 100, 300 ppm TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Acid precipitation and food quality: inhibition of growth and survival in black ducks and mallards by dietary aluminum, calcium, and phosphorus

Author(s)
Sparling, Donald W.
Pages
281-288
Year
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ALUMINUM SULFATE decreased @ 1000 ppm Al (LH, LL), 5000 ppm Al (NN) body weight growth versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 12-14/group 0, 200, 1000, 5000 mg Al/kg diet, combined with low Ca:low P (LL), normal Ca:normal P (NN), or low Ca:high P (LH) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ALUMINUM SULFATE decreased @ 1000 (LL), 1000 (LH), 5000 ppm (LH) growth of body components (tarsus, culmen) versus controls Not Reported Juvenile 12-14/group 0, 200, 1000, 5000 mg Al/kg diet, combined with low Ca:low P (LL), normal Ca:normal P (NN), or low Ca:high P (LH) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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