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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

The effects of DDT, DDE and their sulfonated derivatives on eggshell formation in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J.
Pages
697-701
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see citation figure of eggshell thickness over 30 d period (significant differences noted at various times) Female Adult 20/dose 0, 10, 50 ppm DDT, DDE, DDT-SO4 or DDE-SO4 TOX-REPRO - physiology 30 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Histopathologic alterations in shell gland accompanying DDT-induced thinning of eggshell

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
225-231
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDT (4,4'-) 13.8% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to controls Female Adult 3/dose 0, 75 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 7 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDT-induced reduction in eggshell thickness, weight and calcium is accompanied by calcium ATPase inhibition

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
309-318
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell weight and thickness, total eggshell calcium and shell gland epithelial microsomal Ca-ATPase activity, compared to controls Female Adult 5 hens/dose; 19 eggs/dose 0, 50 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 6 mo diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Tissue residues of lindane in domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) following its repeated oral administration

Author(s)
Mandal, Aditya, Jagadbandhu Chakrabarti and Pulak Lahiri
Pages
56-57
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LINDANE serum (0.13); fat (0.20); muscle (0.70); kidney (0.02); liver (0.02); brain (0.01) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 2x/wk mean lindane residue levels Female Adult 5/dose 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x per wk TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
LINDANE serum (0.20); fat (0.68); muscle (0.30); kidney (0.23); liver (0.14); brain (0.11) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 3x/wk mean lindane residue levels Female Adult 5/dose 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x per wk TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
LINDANE serum (0.50); fat (1.14); muscle (0.82); kidney (0.28); liver (0.21); brain (0.13) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 7x/wk mean lindane residue levels Female Adult 5/dose 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x per wk TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some effects of DDE and PCB on mallards and their eggs

Author(s)
Risebrough, Robert W. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
508-513
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) no effect food consumption rate (174 g/d) compared to control (173 g/d) Female Adult 10/dose 0, 40 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254 no effect food consumption rate (184 g/d) compared to control (173 g/d) Female Adult 10/dose 0, 40 ppm TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) no effect food consumption rate (181 g/d) compared to control (173 g/d) Female Adult 10/dose 0, 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254 no effect eggshell thickness Female Adult 10 hens/dose; 8-9 eggs/dose 0, 40 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 17% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens /dose; 8 eggs/dose 0, 40 ppm TOX-REPRO - physiology 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 19% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 10 hens/dose; 8 eggs/dose 0, 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB TOX-REPRO - physiology 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) see citation figure of # eggs/female/wk over time Female Adult 10/dose 0, 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 50 - 52 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 373 (95% CL; 152-574) ppm lipid basis @ 40 ppm diet DDE residue concentrations in eggs Female Adult 12 0, 40 ppm DDE TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 8-94 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 344 (95% CL; 156-686) ppm DDE lipid basis and 346 (95%CL; 133-686) ppm PCB lipid basis @ 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB diet mean DDE and PCB residue levels in eggs Female Adult 13 0, 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 7-128 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of dietary vanadium in mallard ducks

Author(s)
White, Donald H. and Michael P. Dieter
Pages
43-50
Year
Volume
4
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
VANADYL SULFATE no effect body weight and food consumption compared among groups Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group 0, 1, 10, 100 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
VANADYL SULFATE increased @ 100 ppm (maximum = 106 +/- 19 ppb, wet wt) vanadium concentration in blood (sampled at 3 wk intervals) Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group 0, 1, 10, 100 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
VANADYL SULFATE brain, 9(1); fat, 20(11); kidney, 273(49); liver, 657(113), male femur 274(47); female femur 3327(2208) ppm, wet wt mean (SE) vanadium concentrations @ 100 ppm dose in brain, fat, kidney, liver, and femur Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group 0, 1, 10, 100 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
VANADYL SULFATE <0.02 ppb, wet wt @ 1, 10 ppm; 63 ppb, wet wt @ 100 ppm vanadium concentration in eggs Female Adult 5 pairs/group 0, 1, 10, 100 ppm diet TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
VANADYL SULFATE increased @ 100 ppm plasma cholesterol levels in drakes and laying hens Both Male and Female Adult 5 pairs/group 0, 1, 10, 100 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 12 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Embryotoxic and biochemical effects of waste crankcase oil on bird's eggs

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J., William C. Eastin, Jr. and Martha L. Gay
Pages
230-241
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2-15 ul/egg percent mortality versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 100 eggs/dose 0, 2, 5, 15 ul waste crankcase oil/egg TOX-REPRO - reproductive success single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2-15 ul/egg incidence of survivors with abnormalities versus controls Both Male and Female Embryo 100 eggs/dose 0, 2, 5, 15 ul waste crankcase oil/egg TOX-REPRO - development single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 15 ul/egg red blood cell and liver ALAD activity and hemoglobin concentration, compared to controls Both Male and Female Embryo 100 eggs/dose 0, 2, 5, 15 ul waste crankcase oil/egg TOX-REPRO - physiology single application to egg surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

South Louisiana crude oil or DDE in the diet of mallard hens: effects on egg quality

Author(s)
Vangilder, Larry D. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
328-336
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease egg weight, length and breadth, compared to control Female Adult 25/dose control, 2% south Louisiana crude oil (w/w) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) no effect egg weight, length or breadth, compared to control Female Adult 21-25/dose control, 10 ppm DDE TOX-REPRO - physiology NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of chronic ingestion of south Louisiana crude oil on mallard ducklings

Author(s)
Szaro, Robert C., Michael P. Dieter, Gary H. Heinz and John F. Ferrell
Pages
426-436
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 5% growth rate, estimated as change in body weight, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 50/dose 0, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 5% south Louisiana crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 8 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 0.25 - 5% distance retreated from a frightening stimulus; impaired avoidance behavior Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 5% south Louisiana crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 6 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 2.5 - 5% incidence of liver hypertrophy and splenic atropy Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 5% south Louisiana crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 8 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS decrease @ 2.5 - 5% hematocrit, compared to control Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 5% south Louisiana crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 8 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 0.25 - 5.0% plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, from liver Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 5% south Louisiana crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 8 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 0.025 - 5% pathological release of ornithine carbamyltransferase from kidney Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 5% south Louisiana crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 8 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CRUDE OILS increase @ 5% incidence of degeneration of kidney tubules Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 5% south Louisiana crude oil TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 8 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Zalophus californianus

Citation:

Potential heavy metal influence on the death of several species of pinnipeds

Author(s)
Van Heekeren, A. and Edwin J. Skoch
Pages
51-61
Year
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, LEAD COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of epileptiform seizures and subsequent death associated with "unusual" Se levels Female Adult 1 range of metal residue levels in brain, liver, heart, muscle and fat (ppm dry wt); Cd, 0.18 - 3.03; Cr, 1.24-2.39; Cu 1.86 - 87.74; Pb, 77.21-110.90; Se 222-255; Zn 4.89-240.28 TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Premature birth in California sea lions: Association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels.

Author(s)
DeLong, Robert L., William G. Gilmartin and John G. Simpson
Pages
1168-1170
Year
Issue
4105
Volume
181
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturtion associated with elevated DDT and PCB residues, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult San Miguel Island 4-6/group Premature parturient group (ppm wet wt): DDT 824.4 (blubber), PCBs 112.4 (blubber), DDT 25.24 (liver), PCBs 5.74 (liver): Full term parturient group (ppm wt wt): DDT 103.2 (blubber), PCBs 17.1 (blubber), DDT 6.67 (liver), PCBs 1.32 (liver) TOX-REPRO - physiology NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selenium toxicosis in three California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
Edwards, William C., D. L. Whitenack, J. W. Alexander and M. A., Solangi
Pages
568-570
Year
Issue
6
Volume
31
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS 36.11 - 88.4 ug/g wet wt (liver); 7.12 - 32.8 ug/g wet wt (kidney) selenium concentration range in liver and kidney of dead animals Not Reported Not Reported 3 fish diet Se concn. range; 0.70 - 1.06 ug/g wet wt TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Premature parturition in the Califonia sea lion

Author(s)
Gilmartin, W. G., R. L. DeLong, A. W. Smith, J. C. Sweeney, B. W. De Lappe, R. W. Risebrough, L. A. Griner, M. D. Dailey and D. B. Peakall
Pages
104-115
Year
Issue
1
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturition associated with elevated DDT and PCB levels, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult San Miguel Island 10/group Premature parturient group (ppm wet wt): p,p'-DDE 350-939 (blubber), PCBs 33.0-92.4 (blubber); p,p'-DDE 8.54-30.4 (liver), PCBs 0.63-6.08 (liver): Full term parturient group (ppm wt wt): p,p'-DDE 16.3-342 (blubber), PCBs 4.73-39.5 (blubber); p,p'-DDE 0.93 TOX-REPRO - physiology NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Heavy metal and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus californianus)

Author(s)
Buhler, D. R., R. R. Clayes and B. R. Mate
Pages
2391-2397
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, DDT (Technical Grade Mixture), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of kidney histopathological lesions in "sick" or dead animals compared to "healthy" animals, consistent with diagnosis of leptospirosis Male Adult 2-8/group residues significantly different between groups (ppm, wet wt): "Sick"; Hg 127.5 - 170.1(liver), Cd 0.17 (cerebellum), DDE 23.9 (liver), PCBs 2.79 (liver): "Healthy"; Hg 74.1 - 95.7 (liver), Cd 0.042 (cerebellum), DDE 11.1 (liver), PCBs 4.87(liver) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mercury-selenium-bromine imbalance in premature parturient California sea lions

Author(s)
Martin, J.H., P.D. Elliott, V.C. Anderlini, D. Girvin, S.A. Jacobs, R.W. Risebrough, R.L. Delong and W.G. Gilmartin
Pages
91-104
Year
Volume
35
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
BROMINE COMPOUNDS, CADMIUM COMPOUNDS, COPPER COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, MANGANESE COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SILVER COMPOUNDS, ZINC COMPOUNDS increase incidence of premature parturition correlated with different metal concentrations and ratios Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10/group see citation for table of residue data for 13 metals in pre-term vs full-term mothers and pups TOX-REPRO - physiology NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets

Pseudacris regilla

Citation:

Comparative toxicity of diuron on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog, bullfrog, red-legged frog and African clawed frog embryos and tadpoles

Author(s)
Schuytema, G.S. and A.V. Nebeker
Pages
370-376
Year
Volume
34
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIURON 15.2 mg/l 14-d LC50 value; mean of 2 tests Not Reported Tadpole 8/replicate; 3 replicates/dose 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.8, 7.6, 14.5, 21.1, 29.1 mg/l TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 14 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIURON 14.5 mg/l lowest NOAEL based on body length/weight endpoints Not Reported Tadpole 8/replicate; 3 replicates/dose 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.8, 7.6, 14.5, 21.1, 29.1 mg/l TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 14 d waterborne Toxicity Factor Datasets
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