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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Bioconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides to hazardous levels by amphibians

Author(s)
Hall, Russell J. and Elizabeth Kolbe
Pages
853-860
Year
Issue
4
Volume
6
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
FENTHION 16.9% @ 5mg/L brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 4-5/dose 0, 5 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICROTOPHOS 0% @ 5 mg/L percent mortality Not Reported Juvenile 4-5/dose 0, 5 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-MORT - dose-response data single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICROTOPHOS 70.1% @ 5 mg/L brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 4-5/dose 0, 5 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION 0% @ 5 mg/L percent mortality Not Reported Juvenile 4-5/dose 0, 5 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-MORT - dose-response data single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION 90.6% @ 5 mg/L brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 4-5/dose 0, 5 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ACEPHATE 0% @ 5 mg/L percent mortality Not Reported Juvenile 4-5/dose 0, 5 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-MORT - dose-response data single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ACEPHATE 109.7% @ 5mg/L brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 4-5/dose 0, 5 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION 100% @ 1 mg/L percent mortality Not Reported Juvenile 6/dose logarithmically spaced does up to 1 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-MORT - dose-response data single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION 9% @ 1 mg/L brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 6/dose logarithmically spaced does up to 1 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
FENTHION 67% @ 2.2 mg/L percent mortality Not Reported Juvenile 6/dose logarithmically spaced does up to 1 mg/L in water of dietary tadpoles (96 hours) TOX-MORT - dose-response data single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Recovery of brain and plasma cholinesterase activities in ducklings exposed to organophosphorus pesticides

Author(s)
Fleming, James W.
Pages
215-229
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DICROTOPHOS 63% maximal brain acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition compared to control (4 hrs post-dose) Not Reported Juvenile 4/group 0, 2.4 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single oral gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
FENTHION 61% maximal brain acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition compared to control (4 hrs post-dose) Not Reported Juvenile 4/group 0, 5.5 mg/kg bw TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single oral gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICROTOPHOS, FENTHION 68-78% maximal brain acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition compared to control (after 3 days treatmentt) Not Reported Juvenile 4/group 16 mg dicrotophos/kg diet OR 17 mg fenthion/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 13 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dietary toxicity tests with mallards, simulating residue decline of chlorpyrifos and avoidance of treated food

Author(s)
Kenaga, E.E., R.J. Fink and J.B. Beavers
Pages
36-44
Publisher
American Society for Testing and Materials
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CHLORPYRIFOS 357 ppm 11 day dietary LC50 Not Reported Juvenile 10/group 0, 56, 100, 178, 316, 562 ppm diet TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORPYRIFOS 236 ppm 11 day dietary LC10 Not Reported Juvenile 10/group 0, 56, 100, 178, 316, 562 ppm diet TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/group 0, 56, 100,178, 316, 562 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased @ all doses body weight compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/group 0, 56, 100, 178, 316, 562 ppm diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORPYRIFOS 644 ppm (declining to 141 ppm over 11 d) 5 day dietary LC50, when 5 day residue half life was simulated Not Reported Juvenile 10/group 0, 112, 200, 356, 632, 1124 ppm diet (initial concentrations; declined over 11 day treatment period) TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/group 0, 112, 200, 356, 632, 1124 ppm diet (initial concentrations; declined over 11 day treatment period) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLORPYRIFOS decreased @ all doses body weight compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 10/group 0, 112, 200, 356, 632, 1124 ppm diet (initial concentrations; declined over 11 day treatment period) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 11 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effect of asulam in wildlife species: Acute toxicity to birds and fish

Author(s)
Ingham, Brian and Michael A. Gallo
Pages
194-199
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
ASULAM 10% @ 4000 mg/kg percent mortality after 21 days Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 1600, 2600, 4000 mg/kg bw TOX-MORT - dose-response data single oral Toxicity Factor Datasets
ASULAM decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 33,750, 55,000, 75,000, 100,000 mg/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 5 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
ASULAM decreased @ all doses body weight gain by day 8 compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 33,750, 55,000, 75,000, 100,000 mg/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 5 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) decreased @ all doses food consumption compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 330, 500, 750, 1100, 1650, 2500 mg/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 5 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) decreased @ all doses body weight gain by 8 days compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 330, 500, 750, 1100, 1650, 2500 mg/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 5 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) 1550 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose 0, 330, 500, 750, 1100, 1650, 2500 mg/kg diet TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 5 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of exposure to carbofuran-sprayed vegetation on the behavior, cholinesterase activity and growth of mallard ducklings (Anas platyrynchos)

Author(s)
Martin, Pamela A., Keith R. Solomon, Douglas J. Forsyth, Herman J. Boermans and Neil D. Westcott
Pages
901-909
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CARBOFURAN increased @ 132 and 264 g/ha occurrence of acute poisoning symptoms compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 29-38/group 0, 132, 264 g carbofuran/ha TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects single pesticide application; subjects walked 50, 150, or 300 m through application areas Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBOFURAN increased @ 264 g/ha (150, 300 m exposure distance) latency of approach to stimulus compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group 0, 132, 264 g carbofuran/ha TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects single pesticide application; subjects walked 50, 150, or 300 m through application areas Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBOFURAN decreased @ 132 g/ha (150, 300 m exposure distances), 264 g/ha (all exposure distances) brain cholinesterase activities compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group 0, 132, 264 g carbofuran/ha TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects single pesticide application; subjects walked 50, 150, or 300 m through application areas Toxicity Factor Datasets
CARBOFURAN no effect growth rate to four weeks of age compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile 8/group 0, 132, 264 g carbofuran/ha TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal single pesticide application; subjects walked 50, 150, or 300 m through application areas Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of dietary exposure to methyl parathion on egg laying and incubation in mallards

Author(s)
Bennett, Richard S., Bill A. Williams, Dave W. Schmedding, and Jewel K. Bennett
Pages
501-507
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
METHYLPARATHION no effect number of eggs per incubated nest and percent fertility of eggs compared with controls Both Male and Female Adult 12 pairs/group 400 ppm diet, beginning at egg laying, early incubation, or late incubation periods TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLPARATHION decreased if treatment initiated during egg laying proportion of hens laying and number of eggs laid per hen compared to controls Female Adult 12 pairs /group 400 ppm diet, beginning at egg laying, early incubation, or late incubation periods TOX-REPRO - physiology 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLPARATHION 2/12 when treatment initiated during early incub.; 2/11 when treatment initiated during late incub. incidence of adult mortality during incubation compared with controls Female Adult 12 pairs/group 400 ppm diet, beginning at egg laying, early incubation, or late incubation periods TOX-MORT - dose-response data 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLPARATHION increased when treatment initiated during early or late incub. incidence of nest abandonment compared with controls Female Adult 12 pairs/group 400 ppm diet, beginning at egg laying, early incubation, or late incubation periods TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLPARATHION no effect number of hatchlings per nest, percent hatchability, hatchling survival and body weight to 5 days compared with controls Not Reported Hatchling 12 pairs/group 400 ppm diet, beginning at egg laying, early incubation, or late incubation periods TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
METHYLPARATHION decreased when treatment initiated during laying, early or late incub. food consumption compared with controls Female Adult 12 pairs/group 400 ppm diet, beginning at egg laying, early incubation, or late incubation periods TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 8 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity

Author(s)
Hoffman, David J. and William C. Eastin, Jr.
Pages
472-485
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
PARATHION decreased @ 0.75, 7.5 (aqueous) or 0.8 (oil) lb/acre embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group 0, 0.75, 7.5 lb/acre simulated, aqueous; 0, 0.08, 0.8 lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-REPRO - development single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION increased @ 125 lb/acre cumulative mortality by day 18 compared with controls Not Reported Embryo 30/group 12.5, 125 lb/acre simulated, aqueous; 0, 1.4, 14.0 lb/acre simulated, oil TOX-MORT - dose-response data single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
MALATHION 118 (day 3), 101 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group 12.5, 125 lb/acre simulated, aqueous TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
PARATHION 41(day 3), 39 (day 8) lb/acre LC50, exposed on day 3 or 8 of incubation Not Reported Embryo 30/group 0.75, 7.5 lb/acre simulated, aqueous TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single application to eggshell surface Toxicity Factor Datasets
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