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Bubo virginianus

Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1946 museum speciments Female Adult south-central Montana 3 eggs 0.74 (DDE), 0.07 (DDD + DDT), 0.16 (dieldrin), 0.11 (heptachlor epoxide) ppm, wet wt., in viable eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parent Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pesticide levels, egg and eggshell parameters of great horned owls

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
184-187
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE 5% decrease eggshell thickness index compared with reference eggs Female Adult Butler, Delaware, Hamilton Counties 18 eggs, 15 clutches 3.0 (DDE), 1.7 (dieldrin), 0.1 (heptachlor epoxide), 3.1 (Arochlor 1254/60), 0.2 (oxychlordane) ppm (wet wt) in 4 eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide-related mortalities of raptors and other birds in New York, 1982-1986.

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B. and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
429-438
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, MIREX, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to pesticide exposure based on history, ante-mortem signs, and gross pathology Not Reported Not Reported 8 owls 13-96 (DDE), 0.01-0.65 (DDD), 0.03-0.17 (DDT, 2.83-71.0 (PCBs), 0.50-9.89 (dieldrin), 0.012-0.27 (HCB), 0.02-1.99 (Mirex), 0.12-7.74 (heptachlor epoxide), 0.98-8.68 (oxychlordane), 0.50-2.29 (trans-nonachlor), ppm wet wt, in brain TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine toxicants in great horned owls from New York, 1981-82

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B., and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
1-7
Year
Issue
1
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to PCB intoxication, based on brain residues Female Adult Greene County 1 owl 44.7 (DDE), 357 (PCB) ppm wet wt in brain TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 owls 3.96-75.7 (DDE), <0.01-49.6 (PCBs), 0.44-14.6 (heptachlor epoxide), 1.16-5.87 (oxychlordane), 0.02-1.36 (trans-nonachlor), <0.01-10.3 (dieldrin) wet wt in brain TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

First records of chlordane-related mortality in wild birds

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Charles J. Henny
Pages
196-198
Year
Issue
1
Volume
47
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of mortality as a result of organochlorine poisoning Female Adult 6 km s. of Corvallis 1 owl 28.0 (DDE), 0.8 (dieldrin), 5.1 (hexachlorobenzene), 5.8 (heptachlor epoxide), 3.7 (oxychlordane), 0.1 (cis-chlordane), 0.1 (trans-onachlor), 8.2 (PCBs) ppm wet wt in brain TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Monitoring great horned owls for pesticide exposure in southcentral Iowa

Author(s)
Buck, Jeremy A., Larry W. Brewer, Michael J. Hooper, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
321-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
60
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
TERBUFOS decreased (>2 standard deviations of control mean) in 3 samples plasma cholinesterase activity after pesticide applications Not Reported Not Reported 6 samples 1.45 kg terbufos/ha TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR pesticide application Toxicity Factor Datasets
TERBUFOS no effect occurence of pesticide metabolites in fecal-urate samples Not Reported Not Reported 29 owls 1.45 kg terbufos/ha TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR pesticide application Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosporous insecticides topically applied to livestock

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Elizabeth J. Kolbe, Elwood F. Hill and Lawrence J. Blus
Pages
292-295
Year
Issue
2
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
FAMPHUR 85% decrease post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control Not Reported Not Reported Malheur County 1 owl 15 ppm in post-mortem stomach contents TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers NR diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Biodeterioration of chlorophacinone in voles, hawks and an owl

Author(s)
Askham, L.R. and R.M. Poche
Pages
145-150
Year
Issue
1
Volume
56
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
CHLOROPHACINONE 99 ug total carcass residues 28 d after removal from treatment Not Reported Adult 1 owl 3.2 ppm in voles maintained on treated food TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 6 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
CHLOROPHACINONE no effect occurence of external bleeding or internal abnormalities after removal from treated diet Not Reported Adult 1 owl 3.2 ppm in voles maintained on treated food TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal 6 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Secondary poisoning of owls by anticoagulant rodenticides

Author(s)
Mendenhall, V.M. and L.F. Pank
Pages
311-315
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIPHACINONE 4.1-5.5 mg doses resulting in symptoms and death in 2/3 birds within 14 days Not Reported Adult 3 owls 4.1-5.5 mg total consumed in mice fed a 0.01% bait TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks 5 days diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIPHACINONE increased time to coagulation in blood sampled 3 days after treatment ended Not Reported Adult 3 owls 4.1-5.5 mg total consumed in mice fed a 0.01% bait TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 5 days diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of strychnine on the behavior of great horned owls and red-tailed hawks

Author(s)
Cheney, Carl D., Stephen B. Vander Wall and Ruthe J. Poehlmann
Pages
103-110
Year
Issue
3
Volume
21
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
STRYCHNINE increased occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground Not Reported Adult 1 bird 1.8 mg injected into mouse TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects single exposure diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
STRYCHNINE increased occurence (compared with pre-dose values) of uncoordinated movement, tremors, loss of perching ability and ability to stand on the ground Not Reported Adult 1 bird 1.0 mg injected into mouse TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects single exposure diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
STRYCHNINE increased occurence of errors (compared with pre-test values) in a reversal learning test Not Reported Adult 1 bird 0.4 mg injected into mouse TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects single exposure diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Falco sparverius

Citation:

Bird poisonings with cyclodienes in suburbia: Links to historic use on turf

Author(s)
Okoniewski, Joseph C. and Elizabeth Novesky
Pages
630-639
Year
Issue
3
Volume
57
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased occurence of wild birds dying diagnosed with organochlorine poisoning Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5 kestrels 0.17-12.0 (DDE), 0.61-6.55 (PCBs), 0.08-5.17 (heptachlor epoxide), 1.97-5.15 (oxychlordane), 0.38-3.26 (trans-nonachlor), 0.75-3.70 (dieldrin) wet wt in brain TOX-MORT - mortality in the field NR NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Accumulation and effects in birds

Author(s)
Peakall, D.B.
Pages
31-47
Publisher
CRC Press, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Toxicity Endpoint Type Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects Toxicity Factor Datasets
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS review TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks Toxicity Factor Datasets

Lithobates catesbeianus

Citation:

Behavioral and histopathological effects of fluoranthene on bullfrog larvae (Rana catesbeiana)

Author(s)
Walker, Sean E., Douglas H. Taylor and James T. Oris
Pages
734-739
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
FLUORANTHENE increase @ 10.97 - 59.48 ug/l incidence of structural disorganization and necrosis of the integument Not Reported Tadpole 20/group 0, 10.97, 37.97, 59.48 ug/l with simulated solar UV radiation TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 96 hr water-borne; flow-through Toxicity Factor Datasets
FLUORANTHENE increase @ 37.97 ug/l total distance travelled Not Reported Tadpole 20/group 0, 10.97, 37.97, 59.48 ug/l with simulated solar UV radiation TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects 96 hr water-borne; flow-through Toxicity Factor Datasets

Lanius ludovicianus

Citation:

Trophic accumulation of DDT in a terrestrial food web

Author(s)
Rudd, R.L., R.B. Craig and W.S. Williams
Pages
219-228
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 293.43-820.93 ppm, lipid weight concentrations of DDT, DDE, DDD (combined) in skin and brains, 2 years post-application Not Reported Not Reported 3.2 km NE of Davis 2 birds 0.22 kg DDT/ha TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 1 application experimental application Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see figure figure showing concentration of DDT and metabolites in skin and brains before and after application Not Reported Not Reported 3.2 km NE of Davis 27 birds (3-4/sampling time) 0.22 kg DDT/ha TOX-EXP IND - accumulation 1 application experimental application Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effects of dieldrin on the behavior of young loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Busbee, Everette L.
Pages
28-35
Year
Volume
94
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DIELDRIN increased at 1 mg/kg latency to formation of natural prey killing behaviors Not Reported Juvenile collected in San Diego County, CA 10-11/dose 0, 1 mg/kg bw/d (87% active ingredient) TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - behavioral effects until death (max. 103 d) gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN increased at 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/kg/d rate of mortality compared with controls Not Reported Juvenile collected in San Diego County, CA 10-11/dose 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/kg bw/d (87% active ingredient) TOX-MORT - dose-response data until death (max. 103 d) gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

DDE residues and eggshell thinning in loggerhead shrikes

Author(s)
Anderson, William L., and Ronald E. Duzan
Pages
215-220
Year
Issue
2
Volume
90
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-) 3.09 (0.09 SE) ppm, wet wt concentration in eggs Not Reported Embryo southern IL 20 clutches, 104 eggs 21.04 (3.51 SE) ppm in fat of adult females TOX-EXP IND - accumulation NR parental transfer Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) decreased eggshell thickness index compared with reference samples collected in 1875-95 Not Reported Embryo southern IL 20 clutches, 104 eggs 21.04 (3.51 SE) ppm in fat of adult females TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parental transfer Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) y = 92.610 - 2.412 log x linear negative correlation of egg DDE concentration and shell thickness Not Reported Embryo southern IL 20 clutches, 104 eggs 21.04 (3.51 SE) ppm in fat of adult females TOX-REPRO - physiology NR parental transfer Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mephitis mephitis

Citation:

Acute toxcicity of sodium monofluoroacetate to the striped skunk

Author(s)
Eastland Warren G. and Samuel L. Beasom
Pages
934-936
Year
Volume
38
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 0.347 mg/kg (95% CI; 0.212 - 0.541 mg/kg) median lethal dose Not Reported Not Reported 5-6 animals/dose 0.125, 0.250, 0.5, 0.75 mg/kg TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Potential secondary hazards of Compound 1080 to three mammalian scavengers

Author(s)
Eastland, Warren G. and Samuel L. Beasom
Pages
232-233
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE 165 mg administered to coyote (95%CI; 107 - 392 mg) LD50; based on dose given to coyote; skunks were fed contaminated coyote tissue Not Reported Not Reported 1-8 per dose secondary; 4; 50; 100; 200; 400 mg to coyote TOX-MORT - toxicity benchmarks single diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Sterna antillarum

Citation:

Organochlorine pollutants and population status of least terns in South Carolina

Author(s)
Blus, Lawrence J. and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
62-71
Year
Issue
1
Volume
91
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 7% decrease eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge 20 eggs 0.48 ug/g, wet wt, DDE; 1.08 ug/g, wet wt, PCBs in eggs TOX-REPRO - physiology NR site contamination Toxicity Factor Datasets

Zenaida macroura

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS see figures figure for each dose, showing metabolic rate at increasing ambient temperatures Not Reported Adult 10 birds/group 0, 1, 3, 9 ppm (dry wt) in food TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects 10 wks diet Toxicity Factor Datasets

Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Effect of lindane on eggshell characteristics and calcium level in the domestic duck

Author(s)
Chakravarty, Sampa and Pulak Lahiri
Pages
245-258
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
LINDANE 18-21% decrease @ 20 mg/kg 7x or 3x/wk eggshell thickness, compared to control Female Adult 5/dose control, 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x/wk TOX-REPRO - physiology 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
LINDANE decrease @ 20 mg/kg 7x or 3x/wk calcium concentration in plasma and shell gland mucosa and density and size of eggshell pores Female Adult 5/dose control, 20 mg/kg given 7x, 3x or 2x/wk TOX-REPRO - physiology 8 wks gavage Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Experiments on toxicity of DDT to wildlife

Author(s)
Coburn, Don R. and Ray Treichler
Pages
208-216
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) increase @ 0.05 - 0.4% in diet Not Reported Not Reported 4/dose 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4% TOX-MORT - dose-response data 30 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dieldrin and DDT effects on reproduction and some hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
302-314
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Tox Exposure Toxicity Endpoint Type Tox Exposure Duration Tox Exposure Technique Type
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect fertility, hatchability and duckling weight Female Adult 18/dose 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg diet TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) no effect fertility, hatchability and duckling weight Female Adult 18/dose 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg diet TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DIELDRIN no effect fertility, hatchability and duckling weight Female Adult 18/dose 0, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg diet TOX-REPRO - reproductive success 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose 0, 2, 20, 200 mg/kg diet TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - cellular/biochemical effects 343 d diet Toxicity Factor Datasets
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