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Citation:
Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M, Patricia L. Kennedy and Lowell C. McEwen
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
CARBARYL |
no effect |
brain acetylcholinesterase activity |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
6-13 birds/group |
0, 0.44, 0.56 kg/ha application |
TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers |
2, 8-9, 21-30 d. post-spray |
field application |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M., Lowell C. McEwen and Patricia L. Kennedy
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
DDE (4,4'-) |
no correlation with DDE residues in eggs |
eggshell thickness |
Female |
Adult |
McHenry and Billings Counties |
12 eggs |
0.57 ppm DDE in eggs |
TOX-REPRO - physiology |
NR |
diet |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Warnock, Nils and Steven E. Schwarzbach
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
STRYCHNINE |
2 |
carcass count in 1 field (25m x 75m) |
birds/field |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
2 |
375 ug/g seed bait |
TOX-MORT - mortality in the field |
NR |
diet |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
STRYCHNINE |
86 ug strychnine/0.3 g stomach content |
maximal concentration of strychnine measured in stomachs of dead killdeer |
|
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
2 |
375 ug/g seed bait |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
NR |
diet |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Brehmer, Paul M. and Raymond K. Anderson
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
ACEPHATE, CARBARYL, DIAZINON |
no effect |
percent nest success, eggs hatched, and nestlings fledged |
Both Male and Female |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties |
37 nests |
601 ppm acephate, 1196 ppm carbaryl, or 598 ppm diazinon application rates |
TOX-REPRO - reproductive success |
NR |
field application |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
CARBARYL |
decreased at 1196 ppm carbaryl |
plasma cholinesterase activity |
Both Male and Female |
Nestling |
Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties |
37 nests |
1196 ppm carbaryl application rate |
TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers |
NR |
field application |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
ACEPHATE, CARBARYL, DIAZINON |
no effect |
brain cholinesterase activity |
Both Male and Female |
Nestling |
Winnebago, Outagamie, Calumet Counties |
37 nests |
601 ppm acephate, 1196 ppm carbaryl, or 598 ppm diazinon application rates |
TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers |
NR |
field application |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Beaver, Donald L.
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4,5-) |
increased post-application from 1 to 4.1 birds per 40 ha |
population density |
Adult |
Truckee area |
9 censuses pre- and post-spray |
0.72 kg/ha |
TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - indirect effects |
NR |
field application |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Fluetsch, Kimberly M. and Donald W. Sparling
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION), DIMETHOATE, ENDOSULFAN, METHYLPARATHION, PARATHION, PERMETHRIN, THIRAM, ZIRAM |
decreased in conventional orchards |
daily survival rates |
Not Reported |
Nestling |
York Springs, Adams Co. |
29 conventional nests |
organic or conventional pest management (standard application rates) |
TOX-MORT - mortality in the field |
breeding period |
field application |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION), DIMETHOATE, ENDOSULFAN, METHYLPARATHION, PARATHION, PERMETHRIN, THIRAM, ZIRAM |
decreased in conventional orchards |
hatching success |
Not Reported |
Nestling |
York Springs, Adams Co. |
29 conventional nests |
organic or conventional pest management (standard application rates) |
TOX-REPRO - reproductive success |
breeding period |
field application |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
AZINPHOS-METHYL (GUTHION), DIMETHOATE, ENDOSULFAN, METHYLPARATHION, PARATHION, PERMETHRIN, THIRAM, ZIRAM |
no effect |
numbers of eggs laid or number of fledglings produced |
Not Reported |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
York Springs, Adams Co. |
29 conventional nests |
organic or conventional pest management (standard application rates) |
TOX-REPRO - reproductive success |
breeding period |
field application |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Flickinger, Edward L., Christine A. Mitchell, Donald H. White and Elizabeth J. Kolbe
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
CARBOFURAN |
4 |
carcass count in a treated rice field |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
Lavaca Bay area |
Not Reported |
22.0-91.0 ppm, wet wt, measured on rice grains |
TOX-MORT - mortality in the field |
NR |
diet |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Marn, Carolyn M., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
LEAD (elemental) |
no effect |
mortality in dosed birds |
Female |
Adult |
12/group |
1#8 lead shot (70.0 +/- 0.5 mg) |
TOX-MORT - dose-response data |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
no effect |
body weight |
Female |
Adult |
12/group |
1#8 lead shot (70.0 +/- 0.5 mg) |
TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - whole animal |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
65.4-123.2 ug/g, dry wt |
mean lead concentrations in femur (greater accumulation with mixed seed vs. pelleted diet) |
Female |
Adult |
12/group |
1#8 lead shot (70.0 +/- 0.5 mg) |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
2.80-4.98 ug/g, dry wt |
mean lead concentrations in liver (greater accumulation with mixed seed vs. pelleted diet) |
Female |
Adult |
12/group |
1#8 lead shot (70.0 +/- 0.5 mg) |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
47.2-190.7 ug/g, dry wt |
mean lead concentrations in kidney (greater accumulation with mixed seed vs. pelleted diet) |
Female |
Adult |
12/group |
1#8 lead shot (70.0 +/- 0.5 mg) |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Buerger, Theodore T., Ralph E. Mirarchi and Michael E. Lisano
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
LEAD (elemental) |
increased at all doses |
mortality |
|
|
Not Reported |
Adult |
25 birds/dose |
0, 1, 2, or 4 #8 lead shots |
TOX-MORT - dose-response data |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
no effect |
female fertility or productivity, egg weight and size |
|
|
Female |
Adult |
25 birds/dose |
0, 1 #8 lead shots |
TOX-REPRO - physiology |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
decreased |
hatchability |
|
|
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
25 birds/dose |
0, 1 #8 lead shots |
TOX-REPRO - reproductive success |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
no effect |
body weight at hatch |
|
|
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
25 birds/dose |
0, 1 #8 lead shots |
TOX-REPRO - development |
single |
oral (parent) |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
no effect |
mortality |
|
|
Female |
Adult |
25 birds/dose |
0, 1 #8 lead shots |
TOX-MORT - dose-response data |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
169.2 ug/g, dry wt. |
lead concentration in bone |
33.9 SE |
58.1-356.4 |
Not Reported |
Adult |
10 birds |
two #8 lead shots |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
198.2 ug/g, dry wt |
lead concentration in bone |
39.9 SE |
46.7-435.0 |
Not Reported |
Adult |
10 birds |
four #8 lead shots |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Carrington, Mary E., and Ralph E. Mirarchi
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Type |
LEAD (elemental) |
no effect |
post-dosing survival of free-ranging radio-transmittered birds |
Not Reported |
Both Adults and Juveniles |
26 treated birds, 29 control birds |
one #8 lead shot |
TOX-MORT - mortality in the field |
single |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Kendall, Ronald J. and Patrick F. Scanlon
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
LEAD (elemental) |
decreased |
blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
5 birds |
one #8 lead shot |
TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Kendall, Ronald J., Patrick F. Scanlon and Hugo P. Veit
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
LEAD (elemental) |
light lesions present |
histological exam of acid-fast intranuclear inclusions of cells of kidney proximal convoluted tubules |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
2 |
four #8 lead shots |
TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
639.43 and 345.95 ug/g, dry wt |
lead concentration in kidneys of treated birds |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
2 |
four #8 lead shots |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
58.35 and 214.71 ug/g, dry wt |
lead concentrations in livers of dosed birds |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
2 |
four #8 lead shots |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
light to moderate lesions |
histological exam for hemosiderin loading in liver |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
2 |
four #8 lead shots |
TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
high degree of lesions present |
histological exam of acid-fast intranuclear inclusions of cells of kidney proximal convoluted tubules |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
1 |
four #8 lead shots |
TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
high degree of lesions present |
histological exam for hemosiderin loading in liver |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
1 |
four #8 lead shots |
TOX-Non-Repro-Sublethal - organ/system effects |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
1,297.57 ug/g, dry wt |
lead concentration in kidneys |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
1 |
four #8 lead shots |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
178.81 ug/g, dry wt |
lead concentration in liver |
Not Reported |
Not Reported |
1 |
four #8 lead shots |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Castrale, John S., and Mark Oster
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
LEAD (elemental) |
increased at 1, 4 shots |
mortality |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
10 birds/dose |
0, 1, 2, or 4 #8 lead shots |
TOX-MORT - dose-response data |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
increased at all doses |
lead concentrations in blood |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
10 birds/dose |
0, 1, 2, or 4 #8 lead shots |
TOX-EXP IND - accumulation |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
LEAD (elemental) |
decreased at all doses |
delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)activity in blood |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
10 birds/dose |
0, 1, 2, or 4 #8 lead shots |
TOX-EXP IND - biomarkers |
single |
oral |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Koval, P.J., T.J. Peterle and J.D. Harder
Year
Chemical |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Tox Exposure |
Toxicity Endpoint Type |
Tox Exposure Duration |
Tox Exposure Technique |
Type |
AROCLOR 1254 |
increased at 10 ppm |
interval from nest occupation to egg-laying |
Female |
Adult |
10-13/group |
0, or 10 ppm in diet |
TOX-REPRO - behavior |
28 d |
diet |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
AROCLOR 1254 |
decreased at 10 ppm |
percent of birds that laid eggs |
Female |
Adult |
10-13/group |
0, or 10 ppm in diet |
TOX-REPRO - physiology |
28 d |
diet |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
AROCLOR 1254 |
no effect |
progesterone concentration in blood |
Female |
Adult |
10-13/group |
0, or 10 ppm in diet |
TOX-REPRO - physiology |
28 d |
diet |
Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Comment