Species
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Citation:
Author(s)
Porter, David K., Mark A. Strong, J. Brent Giezentanner and Ronald A. Ryder
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning |
17 |
normal fledging period |
|
d |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Pawnee National Grassland |
232 fledged birds |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
5.40 |
average number of fledglings produced per nest |
4.36-5.88 |
fledglings/nest |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Pawnee National Grassland |
65 successful nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
5.69 |
average number of eggs hatched per successful nest |
5.07-6.26 |
eggs/nest |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
Pawnee National Grassland |
65 successful nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Woods, Christopher P.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Mating/ Laying |
Apr-mid Aug |
period from clutch initiations to chicks fledging |
|
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties |
98 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
6.1 |
average number of eggs per clutch, 2 years |
0.8 SD |
|
eggs/clutch |
Female |
Adult |
Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties |
84 clutches |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
5.1 |
average number of fledglings per sucessful pair |
1.5 SD |
|
fledglings/pair |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties |
65 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning |
|
age at which young left nests |
|
14-19 |
d |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Ada, Elmoor, Owyhee Counties |
65 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Mating/ Laying |
late Feb (begin), April (peak) |
time of nesting activity |
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Lawton, Comanche County |
133 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
84 |
average percent of nests that hatched at least 1 young, 4 years |
69-95 |
% |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
Lawton, Comanche County |
133 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
60 |
average percent of nests that fledged at least 1 young, 4 years |
46-83 |
% |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Lawton, Comanche County |
133 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
5.8 |
average clutch size, 4 years |
5.6-5.9 |
eggs/clutch |
Female |
Adult |
Lawton, Comanche County |
101 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation |
16.9 |
average incubation period, 4 years |
16.6-17.1 |
d |
Both Male and Female |
Embryo |
Lawton, Comanche County |
55 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning |
16.8 |
|
|
d |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Lawton, Comanche County |
28 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year |
|
|
1-2 |
clutches/yr |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Lawton, Comanche County |
122 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
64 |
overall nestling survival rate |
|
% |
Not Reported |
Nestling |
Lawton, Comanche County |
90 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
46 |
calculated probability of survival of any nest from incubation onset to end of fledging |
|
% |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
Lawton, Comanche County |
109 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Brooks, Bonnie L. and Stanley A. Temple
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Clutches or Litters per year |
|
|
|
1-2 |
clutches/yr |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
southern Minnesota |
48 pairs |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutch or Litter Size |
5.65 |
average clutch size, 2 years |
1.17 SD |
3-7 |
eggs/clutch |
Female |
Adult |
southern Minnesota |
46 clutches |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
4.18 |
average number of eggs hatched per nest |
2.33 SD |
|
hatchlings/nest |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
southern Minnesota |
51 nests |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
3.02 |
average number of fledglings produced per nesting attempt |
2.07 SD |
|
fledglings/nest |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
southern Minnesota |
60 nesting attempts |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.47 |
annual adult survival (based on reoccupancy rate from the previous year), over 3 years |
|
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
southern Minnesota |
16-37 territories/year |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Chabot, Amy, Rodger D. Titman and David M. Bird
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Clutch or Litter Size |
|
average clutch sizes, 2 years |
4.91-5.56 |
eggs/clutch |
Female |
Adult |
eastern Ontario, Quebec |
27-52 pairs/yr |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Duration of Incubation or Gestation |
17 |
average incubation period, 2 years |
15-20 |
d |
Not Reported |
Embryo |
eastern Ontario, Quebec |
27-52 pairs/yr |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Hatching Success |
|
average number of hatchlings per nest, 2 years |
4.20-5.42 |
hatchlings/nest |
Not Reported |
Hatchling |
eastern Ontario, Quebec |
27-52 pairs/yr |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning |
|
|
14-16 |
d |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
eastern Ontario, Quebec |
27-52 pairs/yr |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Fledging or Weaning Rate |
|
average number of young surviving to fledge per nest, 2 years |
3.90-4.17 |
fledglings/nest |
Not Reported |
Fledgling |
eastern Ontario, Quebec |
27-52 pairs/yr |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year |
|
|
1-2 |
clutches/yr |
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
eastern Ontario, Quebec |
27-52 pairs/yr |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
287 |
g |
Male |
Adult |
12 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Clutches or Litters per year |
1 |
litter/yr |
Female |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Time of Hatching or Parturition |
Apr. |
|
Female |
Adult |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
McAlpine, Donald F. and Timothy G. Dilworth
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Body Weight - Mean |
142.8 |
77.4 SD |
9.5 - 274.0 |
g |
Not Reported |
Adult |
York County, New Brunswick [lat., 45^o47'; long., 66^o37'] |
39 |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Mating/ Laying |
July |
laying |
|
|
|
Female |
Adult |
Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
18.2 |
|
13.1 SD |
1 - 52 |
#/m2 |
Both Male and Female |
Tadpole |
Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] |
17 quadrats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
90.9 |
|
97.7 SD |
0 - 310 |
#/m2 |
Both Male and Female |
Tadpole |
Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] |
20 quadrats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Howard, Richard D.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.42 |
probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) |
Male |
|
Edwin S. George Reserve |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.52 |
probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) |
Male |
Adult |
Edwin S. George Reserve |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Survival/ Mortality |
0.23 |
probability of survival (age x-1 to age x) |
Male |
Adult |
Edwin S. George Reserve |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Crowder, William C., Minghua Nie and Gordon R. Ultsch
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Sample Size |
Type |
Metabolic Rate |
see citation |
figures of oxygen consumption of submerged tadpoles measured at various oxygen tensions and pre-metamorphic stages |
ul/g/hr |
Not Reported |
Tadpole |
10/group |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Citation:
Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type |
Endpoint Value |
Endpoint Description |
Error |
Range |
Units |
Sex |
Life Cycle Stage |
Location |
Sample Size |
Type |
Time of Mating/ Laying |
spring - summer |
breeding |
|
|
|
Both Male and Female |
Adult |
Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] |
Not Reported |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Population Density |
16.25 |
|
7 SD |
0 - 350 |
#/m2 |
Both Male and Female |
Tadpole |
Angelo Coast Range Reserve [lat., 39^o44'N; long., 123^o39'W] |
27 quadrats |
Exposure Factor Datasets |
Comment