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| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 71.2 | density estimate on a grazed plot by transect counts using an exponential polynomial model | 49.6-92.8 95% CI | birds/40 ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | San Joaquin Experimental Range | 64 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 72.8 | density estimate on an ungrazed plot by point count using an exponential polynomial model | 50.1-95.5 95% CI | birds/40 ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | San Joaquin Experimental Range | 43 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | 0.4 | average territory size based on > 400 point observations | 0.08 | 0.28-0.52 | ha | Not Reported | Adult | Jasper Ridge Biological Experimental Area, nr Portola Valley | 12 territories | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Body Weight - Mean | 5.37 | mean body weight of museum specimens | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | 23 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 2.2 | breeding density estimate | birds/36 ha | Male | Adult | Palomarin Field Station, Point Reyes Bird Observatory | 6 territories | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | See figure | figure showing mapping of approximate ranges of two flocks during one season | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | University of California campus | 2 flocks | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 3.96 | approximate basal rate of nocturnal oxygen consumption, measured at 30 deg C | cc O^2/g/h | Not Reported | Adult | captured at Occidental College, Los Angeles | 12 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Metabolic Rate | metabolic rate = 0.36(ambient T) + 14.64 | linear regression equation for relationship between nocturnal metabolism and ambient temperature | Not Reported | Adult | captured at Occidental College, Los Angeles | 12 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 5.5 | mean body weight | 0.2 SE | g | Not Reported | Adult | captured at Occidental College, Los Angeles | 6 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Food Ingestion Rate | 35.17 | consumption of mealworms at 20 deg C | 1.26 SE | kJ/d | Not Reported | Adult | captured at Occidental College, Los Angeles | 6 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | % lipid of whole animal (not including stomach contents) | 3.2 - 9.0 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | Pilot Island, Lake Michigan | 6 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | range of minimum rate of survival of individuals in the trappable population per mo, measured over 19 mo at 3 sites | 0.52 - 0.81 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | Lake Mathews [lat., 33^o50'N; long., 117^o27'30"W]; Motte Rimrock Reserve [lat., 33^o47'30"N; long., 117^o15'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o52'N; long., 117^o7'15"W] | 23-49 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Population Density | 19.7 | average density over 19 mo study | #/ha | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o52'N; long., 117^o7'15"W] | 87 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Population Density | 26.2 | average density over 19 mo study | #/ha | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Motte Rimrock Reserve [lat., 33^o47'30"N; long., 117^o15'W] | 96 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Population Density | 36.1 | average density over 19 mo study | #/ha | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Lake Mathews [lat., 33^o50'N; long., 117^o27'30"W] | 125 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | range of median maximum distance moved based on monthly live trapping capture data at 2 sites | 22.7 - 30.0 | m | Female | Adult | Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] | 94 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | range of median maximum distance moved based on monthly live trapping capture data at 2 sites | 30.0 - 33.5 | m | Male | Adult | Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] | 97 - 121 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | range of median maximum distance moved based on monthly live trapping capture data at 2 sites | 15.0 - 16.5 | m | Female | Juvenile | Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] | 21-54 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | range of median maximum distance moved based on monthly live trapping capture data at 2 sites | 22.4 - 30.0 | m | Male | Juvenile | Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] | 17-59 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | range of median maximum distance moved based on telemetry at 2 sites; 21 - 91 d observation | 30.5 - 45.0 | m | Female | Adult | Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] | 9 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | range of median maximum distance moved based on telemetry at 2 sites; 15 - 127 d of observation | 78.8 - 86.9 | m | Male | Adult | Motte Rock Ecological Reserve [lat., 33^o53'N; long., 117^o6'W] and San Jacinto Wildlife Area [lat., 33^o51'N; long., 116^o54'W] | 4-9 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Ascaphus truei larvae (7%); Gastropoda (1%); Nematomorpha (1%); Arachnoidea (4%); Plecoptera nymphs (23%); Tricoptera larvae (26%); Tricoptera adults (3%); Coleoptera larvae (15%); Coleoptera adults (14%); Ephemeroptera nymphs (14%); Diptera larvae (10%) Diptera adults (5%); Lepidoptera (2%); Orthoptera (1%); Misc. (23%) | % of stomachs containing the item | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | Palouse River, Latah County | 50 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 20.8 | 8.3 | g | Not Reported | Juvenile | 17 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Body Weight - Mean | 24.0 | 9.9 | g | Not Reported | Adult | 14 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 21.7 | mean final distance from original site of capture | 2.1 | 0 - 120.4 | m | Male | Adult | Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | 22.2 | mean final distance from original site of capture | 2.8 | 0 - 60 | m | Female | Adult | Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | range of distances moved from original site of capture | 10 - 86.3 | m | Not Reported | Juvenile | Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) | 7 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Growth Rate | 0.005 | changes in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) | 0.0049 | mm/d | Male | Adult | Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 0.092 | change in snout-vent length measured between recaptures (>1000d) | 0.0071 | mm/d | Female | Adult | Calaveras Big Trees State Park (elev., 1400m) | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 0.1-1.0 | birds/acre | Not Reported | Not Reported | Los Banos, Merced | 23-67 birds counted | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Nesting | Mar-Aug | length of nesting period | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Clutches or Litters per year | 2 | usual number of nesting attempts per year | nests/yr | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 5 | usual number of eggs laid | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Hatching Success | 3 | estimated average brood size | young/clutch | Not Reported | Juvenile | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | observed range of incubation periods | 12-14 | d | Not Reported | Embryo | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | observed number of days chicks spent in nest | 8-10 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Growth Rate | 7 | average increase in body weight | g/d | Not Reported | Nestling | 2 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 4.00 | body weight of average adult | oz | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Body Weight - Mean | 0.25 | body weight of day-old nestling | oz | Not Reported | Nestling | 2 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Dietary Composition | grain (30.8), weed seed (5.3), miscell. vegetable (0.6), Coleoptera (21.3), Orthoptera (20.3), Lepidoptera (12.2), Hemiptera (1.7), Hymenoptera (5.6), Diptera (0.1), Arachnida (0.2), miscell. insects (1.9) | percent contribution to the diet by volume, based on stomach content analyses | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | ~2,000 stomachs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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