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Zalophus californianus

Citation:

Air temperature and direct partitional calorimetry of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
South, F.E., R. H. Luecke, M. L. Zatzman and M. D. Shanklin
Pages
27-30
Year
Issue
1
Volume
54
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 32.6 - 37.0 kg Female Juvenile 2 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 2.1 resting metabolism kcal/kg/hr Female Juvenile 2 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Oxygen uptake of the California sea lion and harbour seal during exposure to heat

Author(s)
Matsuura, D. T. and G. C. Whittow
Pages
711-715
Year
Issue
3
Volume
225
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 321.4 oxygen uptake at rectal temperature of 16.4C. 23.7 SE ml O2/min Both Male and Female Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 403.7 oxygen uptake at rectal temperature of 30.9C. 36.0 SE ml O2/min Both Male and Female Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 4.2 initial defecation time hours Both Male and Female Adult 3 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity of captive mammals

Author(s)
Jones, Marvin L.
Pages
113-128
Year
Issue
2
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Longevity 28 captive longevity record yrs Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Foraging chracteristics of female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursius) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A., Brent S. Stewart and Wayne F. Perryman
Pages
150-158
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Foraging Distance 54.2 32.4 SD km Female Adult Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (65%); Pacific Whiting (52%); market squid (13%) % occurrence of most frequent prey in scats % Female Adult Adams Cove, San Miguel Island [lat., 34^o01'55"N; long., 120^o26'25" W] 23 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Newborn size in marine mammals

Author(s)
Scheffer, V. B.
Pages
19-26
Year
Issue
3
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean neonate weight 14-17 lbs Not Reported Neonate 16 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An overview of captive births and survivorship of California sea lions 1985-1995

Author(s)
Gates, Luke, Suzanne Tatersall and David Nicholson
Pages
5-9
Year
Issue
1
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 66 mean annual survivorship for animals >30 d 14-100 % Not Reported Juvenile captive in British facilities 38 births/10 yr Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal and annual variability in the diet of California Sea Lions Zalophus californianus at San Nicholas Island, California, 1981-86

Author(s)
Lowry, Mark S., Brent S. Stewart, Carolyn B. Heath, Pamela K. Yochem and John M. Francis
Pages
331-336
Year
Issue
2
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition northern anchovy (50.6%); Pacific whiting (29.3%); jack mackerel (27.9%); rockfish (25.9%); Pacific mackerel (11.3%); unid. fishes (6.6%); market squid (21.9%); octopus (6.4%); squid, Onychoteuthis (4.7%); squid, Abraliopsis (2.2%); pelagic red crab (10.8%) % frequency of occurrence of major (>2%) prey in scats % Not Reported Not Reported San Nicholas Island 1232 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Milk and energy intakes of suckling California Sea Lions (Z. californicus) pups in relation to sex, growth and predicted maintenance requirements

Author(s)
Oftedal, Olav T., Sara J. Iverson and Daryl J. Boness
Pages
560-575
Year
Issue
5
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 723 daily milk intake 31.0 SE g/d Male Pup San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] 24 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 609 daily milk intake 24.0 SE g/d Female Pup San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 18.7 % Male Pup San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 19.3 % Female Pup San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Water Ingestion Rate 651 total daily water intake derived from sum of milk water intake and metabolic water production 27.9 SE g/d Male Pup San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] 24 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs 2144 - 2636 kcal/d Male Pup San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] 5-9/yr Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate daily energy intake estimated from milk intake; range of means for 2 yrs 2032 - 2152 kcal/d Female Pup San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] 1-8/yr Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate daily weight gain; range of means for 2 yrs 92.4 - 120.6 g/d Male Pup San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] 5-9/yr Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate daily weight gain; range of means for 2 yrs 95.0 - 109.1 g/d Female Pup San Nicolas Island [lat., 33^oW; long., 119^oW] 4-8/yr Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption during steady-state swimming in California sea lions

Author(s)
Butler, P. J., A. J. Woakes, I.L. Boyd and S. Kanatous
Pages
35-42
Year
Volume
170
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 32.2 1.6 SE 25.7-38.1 kg Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 5.1 resting metabolic rate 0.4 SE ml O2/min/kg Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets

Sylvilagus bachmani ssp. riparius

Citation:

Status review of the riparian brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) in California

Author(s)
Larsen, Caryla J.
Pages
1-22
Publisher
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section Report
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range review reported home range for males was 957m2 for males and 244 m2 for females (from unpublished reports) Both Male and Female Not Reported Caswell Memorial State Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density review reported overall population density at carrying capacity is 3 animals/ha (from unpublished reports) Both Male and Female Not Reported Caswell Memorial State Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying review reported breeding season occurs from January to May (from unpublished reports) Both Male and Female Adult Caswell Memorial State Park Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size review reported average of 9-16 young/female/yr (data source not specified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year review reported 3-4 litters per season (data source not specified) Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Sylvilagus audubonii

Citation:

Summer foods of the Audubon's cottontail (Sylvilagus auduboni: Leporidae)

Author(s)
Scribner, Kim T. and Leslie J. Krysl
Pages
460-463
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Grasses (51.2%); Forbs (45.4%) cumulative dietary frequency estimated from stomach contents (sum of all fragments of a plant species divided by total # plant fragments) % Not Reported Not Reported Castro County, range playa basins 172 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Grasses (32.1%); Forbs (66%) cumulative dietary frequency estimated from stomach contents (sum of all fragments of a plant species divided by total # plant fragments) % Not Reported Not Reported Castro County, agricultural playa basins 172 Exposure Factor Datasets

Rallus longirostris ssp. levipes

Citation:

Foraging behavior and foods of the light-footed clapper rail

Author(s)
Zembal, Richard and Jack M. Fancher
Pages
959-962
Year
Volume
90
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition crabs, California horn snails, isopods, crayfish, decapods, beetles prey items in regurgitated pellets, in order of frequency of occurence Not Reported Adult upper Newport Bay 18 pellets Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition amphipods, garden snails, crane flies, house mice, California voles unquantified dietary items identified in regurgitated pellets Not Reported Adult upper Newport Bay Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Sylvilagus audubonii ssp. arizonae

Citation:

Reproduction in the Audubon cottontail in Arizona

Author(s)
Sowls, Lyle K.
Pages
234-243
Year
Issue
2
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 725 560 - 896 g Male Adult southern portion of state 87 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 860 562 - 956 g Female Adult southern portion of state 40 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult southern portion of state Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.9 estimated by embryo counts 2 - 4 young/litter Female Adult southern portion of state 56 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity < 9 earliest age when pregnancy noted mo Female Adult southern portion of state Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The breeding biology of the desert cottontail in the Phoenix region, Arizona

Author(s)
Stout, Gene G.
Pages
47-51
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2.7 estimated by uterine scar counts 2 - 6 young/litter Female Adult Phoenix Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Phoenix 101 Exposure Factor Datasets

Rallus longirostris ssp. yumanensis

Citation:

Foods of western clapper rails

Author(s)
Ohmart, R.D. and R.E. Tomlinson
Pages
332-336
Year
Issue
2
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition crayfish (94.67%), ground beetle (0.11%), unident. beetle (0.56%), weevils (2.78%), damselfly nymphs (0.11%), grasshoppers (0.11%), insect eggs (.11%), unident. parts (0.78%), spider (0.56%), seeds (0.11%), corbicula (0.06%), unident. mammal bone (0.06%) dietary item occurence by volume in stomach contents Not Reported Adult Topock Marsh to Imperial Lake 9 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition isopoda (48.5%), unident. parts (1.50%), corbicula (50.00%) dietary item occurence by volume in stomach contents Not Reported Adult Gila/Colorado River confluence 2 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets
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