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Taricha torosa

Citation:

The reproductive cycle in Taricha torosa (Triturus torosus)

Author(s)
Miller, Malcom R. and Marilyn E. Robbins
Pages
415-445
Year
Volume
125
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean range of means for 8 sampling dates 10.0 - 22.0 g Female Adult Palo Alto 1-6/sampling date Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 130-160 ova/mature ovary Female Adult Palo Alto Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Dicamptodon tenebrosus

Citation:

Nests and eggs of the pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus (Eschscholtz)

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A.
Pages
257-262
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May time of laying Female Adult Benton County 2 Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 275 d Not Reported Embryo Benton County Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 83 - 146 eggs/clutch Female Adult Benton County 2 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population structure, growth and size of larval Dicamptodon ensatus (Eschscholtz)

Author(s)
Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Glen W. Clothier
Pages
218-227
Year
Issue
4
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 57 % mortality during first yr of life % Not Reported Juvenile Gauldy Mountain, Tillamook County 61 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate increase in total length 2.92 - 4.16 mm/mo Not Reported Juvenile Mary's Peak and Palouse Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relationship between cover availability and larval pacific giant salamander density

Author(s)
Parker, Michael S.
Pages
355-357
Year
Issue
3
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density see citation figure of population density estimates #/m2 Not Reported Juvenile Caspar Creek Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Feeding ecology of stream-dwelling pacific giant salamander larvae (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Author(s)
Parker, Michael S.
Pages
705-718
Year
Volume
1994
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range over 4 yrs 0.09 - 1.24 #/m2 Not Reported Juvenile Fox Creek [lat., 38^o45'N, 123^o40'W] Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Not Reported Juvenile Fox Creek [lat., 38^o45'N, 123^o40'W] Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Ephemeroptera (59.1%); Trichoptera (11.7%); Plecoptera (4.5%); Diptera (8.1%); Coleoptera (3.6%); Odonata (1.0%); Hemiptera (<1.0%); Non-Insecta (3.4%); Vertebrates (<1.0%); Terrestrial organisms, Insecta (8.8%) average proportion of total prey items in stomach contents on 11 sampling dates % Not Reported Juvenile Fox Creek [lat., 38^o45'N, 123^o40'W] 502 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolic rate of larval and adult pacific giant salamanders, Dicamptodon ensatus (Escholscholtz)

Author(s)
Wood, Stephen C.
Pages
177-179
Year
Volume
1972
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 15.2 (10C); 20.7 (15C); 24.0 (20C) average oxygen consumption measured at various temperatures (10-20C) ul O2/g/h Not Reported Juvenile 4-7/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 20.7 (10C); 31.2 (15C); 63.3 (20C) average oxygen consumption measured at various temperatures (10-20C) ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Adult 4-5/temperature Exposure Factor Datasets

Pseudacris regilla

Citation:

Observations on the ecology and behavior of the pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla

Author(s)
Brattstrom, Bayard H. and James W. Warren
Pages
181-191
Year
Volume
1955
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Torpor or Hibernation July - Oct. Not Reported Not Reported Gorman (elev., 4000 ft) and Palmdale (elev., 2000 ft) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food of the pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla Baird and Girard, in northern California

Author(s)
Johnson, Clifford Ray and R. Bruce Bury
Pages
56-55
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Collembola (8.2%); Lepidoptera larvae (14.8%); Hymenoptera (6.6%); Diptera adult (14.5%); Diptera larvae (8.2%); Coleoptera adults (32.8%); Coleoptera larvae (19.7%); Aranea (9.9%); Acarina (3.3%); Isopoda (9.9%); Chilopoda (4.9%); Pulmonata (11.3%); Megadrili (4.9%) % frogs in which each item occurred in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported Lakeport (elev., 1300 ft) 61 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Collembola (1.4%); Lepidoptera larvae (4.1%); Hymenoptera (4.1%); Diptera adult (8.1%); Diptera larvae (1.4%); Coleoptera adults (14.9%); Coleoptera larvae (4.1%); Plecoptera (2.7%); Hemiptera (6.8%); Aranea (6.8%); Acarina (1.4%) % frogs in which each item occurred in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Not Reported Eureka 74 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Effects of variation in natural algal and detrital diets on larval anuaran (Hyla regilla) life history traits

Author(s)
Kupferberg, Sarah J., Jane C. Marks and Mary E. Power
Pages
446-457
Year
Volume
1994
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May - Aug. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weight at metamorphosis, tadpoles fed green algae in field enclosures 251 - 294 mg Both Male and Female Juvenile South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] 16-24/group Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weight at metamorphosis, tadpoles fed seston, detritus or blue green algae in field enclosures 132-152 mg Both Male and Female Juvenile South Fork Eel River, Branscomb [lat., 39^o44' N; long., 123^o39'W] 7-12/group Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Multiple egg clutches in Hyla regilla, H. cinerea and H. gratiosa

Author(s)
Perrill, Stephen A. and Richard E. Daniel
Pages
513-516
Year
Volume
1983
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult San Diego 85 pairs in amplexus Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year estimated by number of times a female was found in amplexus with palpable eggs 1 - 5 clutches/yr Female Adult San Diego Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 267.7 128.7 SD 62 - 633 eggs/clutch Female Adult San Diego 40 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The reproductive ecology of the pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla)

Author(s)
Schaub, David L. and John H. Larsen, Jr.
Pages
409-416
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis July - Sept. Not Reported Juvenile Moscow, Latah County (elev., 850m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition May Not Reported Hatchling Moscow, Latah County (elev., 850m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Apr. - May time of laying Female Adult Moscow, Latah County (elev., 850m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. croceum

Citation:

A comparison of the food habits of Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillaturm, Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum and Ambystoma tigrinum californiense

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
273-284
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Cast skin (10.4%); Annelida (6.5%); Mollusca (7.8%); Chilopoda (3.9%); Isopoda (46.8%); Araneida (1.3%); Collembola (2.6%); Lepidoptera (2.6%); Diptera (2.6%); Orthoptera (6.5%); Coleoptera (14.2%); Unidentified (1.3%) % of total number of items in stomach contents % Not Reported Adult Ellicott Pond 38 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Cladocera (1.12%); Copepoda (0.22%); Ostracoda (12.64%); Chironomidae (23.79%); Corixidae (1.56%); Snails (5.58%); Leeches (4.46%); Oligochaeta (22.30%) and Tadpoles (27.88%) % by weight of food item in stomach contents % Not Reported Juvenile Ellicott Pond 20 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A comparison of the life histories of coastal and montane populations of Ambystoma macrodactylum in California

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
323-355
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Feb. time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Valencia Lagoon, Rio Del Mar Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 2 yr Both Male and Female Adult Valencia Lagoon, Rio Del Mar Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 307 215-411 eggs/clutch Female Adult Valencia Lagoon, Rio Del Mar 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate see citation figure of seasonal changes in total length Both Male and Female Juvenile Valencia Lagoon, Rio Del Mar Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Ambystoma macrodactylum ssp. sigillatum

Citation:

A comparison of the food habits of Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillaturm, Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum and Ambystoma tigrinum californiense

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
273-284
Year
Volume
24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Cast skin (2.1%); Isopoda (0.7%); Araneida (10.4%); Collembola (10.4%); Diptera (57.0%); Orthoptera (3.5%); Coleoptera (11.9%); Unidentified (4.2%) % of total number of items in stomach contents % Not Reported Adult Mosquito Lakes (elev., 8050 ft) 20 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Mollusca (2.7%); Cladocera (36.7%); Copepoda (20.8%); Ostracoda (11.5%); Hydracarina (0.4%); Chironomidae (17.9%); Mosquitoes (5.1%); Coleoptera (2.1); Trichoptera (0.3) and Unidentified (0.14%) % of total number of items in stomach contents % Not Reported Juvenile Mosquito Lakes (elev., 8050 ft) 60 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A comparison of the life histories of coastal and montane populations of Ambystoma macrodactylum in California

Author(s)
Anderson, James D.
Pages
323-355
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Big Meadow (elev., 1980m) and Mosquito Lakes (elev., 2450 m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate see citation figure of seasonal changes in total length Both Male and Female Juvenile Big Meadow (elev., 1980m) and Mosquito Lakes (elev., 2450 m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 3 yrs Both Male and Female Adult Big Meadow (elev., 1980m) and Mosquito Lakes (elev., 2450 m) Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Ambystoma macrodactylum

Citation:

Life history patterns of the salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum in the high Cascade mountains of southern Oregon

Author(s)
Kezer, James and Donald S. Farner
Pages
127-131
Year
Volume
1955
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May - July time of laying Female Adult Crater Lake, Munson Oxbow Pond, Aant Point Pond, Whitehorse Bluff ponds and Lake West Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Cutaneous and pulmonary gas exchange in ambystomatid salamanders

Author(s)
Whitford, Walter G. and Victor H. Hutchison
Pages
573-577
Year
Volume
1966
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Inhalation Rate see citation tidal volume and breathing rate data Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate see citation figure of pulmonary and cutaneous oxygen consumption ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Oxygen consumption and activity in salamanders: Effect of body size and lunglessness

Author(s)
Feder, Martin E.
Pages
403-414
Year
Volume
202
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 281.0 mean oxygen consumption following activity, measured at 25C 19.5 SE ul O2/g/hr Not Reported Not Reported 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
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