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Gopherus agassizi (Desert Tortoise)

Citation:

Reproduction of Gopherus agassizii in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona.

Author(s)
Averill-Murray, R.C.
Issue
2
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.7 Mean clutch size 2.43 Number of eggs Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying 42913 Oviposition date 14 d Date Adult Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ 8 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.8 Mean clutch size 1.26 Number of eggs Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying 42917 Oviposition date 7 d Date Adult Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.7 Mean clutch size 1.49 Number of eggs Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying 42929 Oviposition date 9 d Date Adult Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.6 Mean clutch size 1.5 Number of eggs Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying 42941 Oviposition date 21 d Date Adult Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival during early life stages of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the south-central Mojave Desert.

Author(s)
Bjurlin, C.D. and Bissonette, J.A.
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Hatching Success 73.7 % normal neonate produced % Neonate Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, CA 28 Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 67 % normal neonate produced % Neonate Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, CA 63 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nutritional quality of natural foods of juvenile and adult desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii): calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium digestibility.

Author(s)
Hazard, L.C., Shemanski, D.R. and Nagy, K.A.
Issue
1
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate -0.045 Voluntary consumption of A. hymenoides grass 0.038 % mass change/day NR Both Adults and Juveniles University of California, Los Angeles 10 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate -0.043 Voluntary consumption of S. barbatus grass 0.025 % mass change/day NR Both Adults and Juveniles University of California, Los Angeles 10 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.139 Voluntary consumption of M. glabrata forb 0.128 % mass change/day NR Both Adults and Juveniles University of California, Los Angeles 10 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.162 Voluntary consumption of E. cicutarium forb 0.133 % mass change/day NR Both Adults and Juveniles University of California, Los Angeles 10 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) are selective herbivores that track the flowering phenology of their preferred food plants.

Author(s)
Jennings, W.B. and Berry, K.H.
Issue
1
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition See citation Table 6 B Adult Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area, eastern Kern County, California 18 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition See citation Table 8 B Adult Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area, eastern Kern County, California 18 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Climatic variation affects clutch phenology in Agassiz’s desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii.

Author(s)
Lovich, J., Agha, M., Meulblok, M., Meyer, K., Ennen, J., Loughran, C., Madrak, S. and Bjurlin, C.
Issue
1
Volume
19
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type
Time of Mating/ Laying See citation Figure 2 Clutch phenology F Adult Mesa wind farm near Palm Springs, CA Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relative abundance and demographic structure of Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) along roads of varying size and traffic volume.

Author(s)
Nafus, M.G., Tuberville, T.D., Buhlmann, K.A. and Todd, B.D.
Volume
162
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range See citation Burrow location relative to roadways B Both Adults and Juveniles Mojave National Preserve 149-253 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Head-started desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii): movements, survivorship and mortality causes following their release.

Author(s)
Nagy, K.A., Scott Hillard, L., Tuma, M.W. and Morafka, D.J.
Issue
1
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 6; predation, exposure Cause of death relative to body length B Both Adults and Juveniles Fort Irwin National Training Center 53 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) thermal ecology and reproductive success along a rainfall cline.

Author(s)
Sieg, A.E., Gambone, M.M., Wallace, B.P., Clusella‐trullas, S., Spotila, J.R. and Avery, H.W.
Issue
3
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3.3 Clutch size 0.2 Number of eggs Embryo Ivanpah Valley 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3.4 Clutch size 0.2 Number of eggs Embryo Ivanpah Valley 15 Exposure Factor Datasets

Gopherus agassizi

Citation:

Hibernaculum use by a population of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in the Sonoran desert

Author(s)
Bailey, Scott J., Cecil R. Schwalbe and Charles H. Lowe
Pages
361-369
Year
Issue
3
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Torpor or Hibernation Oct. - Dec. (begin), Mar.-June (end) Both Male and Female Adult San Pedro River Valley, Pinal County [lat., 32^o38'N; long., 110^o34'W] 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat of the desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizi) in the Picacho mountains of Arizona

Author(s)
Barrett, Sheryl L.
Pages
202-206
Year
Issue
2
Volume
46
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 19 4.6 SE 3 - 53 ha Both Male and Female Adult Picacho Mountains, Pinal County 14 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Aspects of the ecology of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in Joshua Tree National Monument, Pinto Basin, Riverside County, California

Author(s)
Barrow, John
Pages
105-131
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 75-80 #/mi2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean maximum carapace length range = 161 - 243 mm 0.87 - 3.05 kg Female Adult South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument 18 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean maximum carapace length range = 169-279 mm 0.99 - 4.99 kg Male Adult South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument 19 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean maximum carapace length range = 60 - 145 mm 0.02 - 0.70 kg Not Reported Juvenile South West Pinto Basin, Joshua Tree National Monument 9 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Health studies of free-ranging Mojave desert tortoises in Utah and Arizona

Author(s)
Dickinson, Vanessa M., Timothy Duck, Cecil R. Schwalbe and James L. Jarchow
Pages
1-70
Publisher
Arizona Game and Fish Department Research Branch, Technical Report No. 21
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 3.28 median carapace length = 254.3 mm 0.56 SD kg Male Adult City Creek and Paradise Canyon, Washington County, UT and Littlefield, Mohave County, AZ 55 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2.65 median carapace length = 237.6 mm 0.39 SD kg Female Adult City Creek and Paradise Canyon, Washington County, UT and Littlefield, Mohave County, AZ 20 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Growth and age at maturity of North American tortoises in relation to regional climates

Author(s)
Germano, David J.
Pages
918-931
Year
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Age at Sexual Maturity determined from ages at which females exceeded the minimum carapace length for tortoises with eggs 13.8 - 15.7 yr Female Adult Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 9.9 - 10.9 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 33 - 101 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 8.4 - 12.3 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 38 - 112 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 9.1 - 11.2 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 36 - 105 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 6.0 - 7.9 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 12 - 41 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate mean yearly growth rates using calculated carapace lengths over 4 yr intervals; range of 4 site-specific means 9.1 - 10.4 mm/yr Both Male and Female Western and Eastern Mojave, Sinaloan and Sonoran deserts 25-69 animals/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity and age-size relationships of populations of desert tortoises

Author(s)
Germano, David J.
Pages
367-374
Year
Issue
2
Volume
1992
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Longevity age estimated from scute annuli; oldest individual measured 48 - 53 yr Not Reported Adult Mojave, Sonoran and Sinaloan deserts 574 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Changes in a desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) population after a period of high mortality

Author(s)
Germano, David J. and Michele A. Joyner
Pages
190-198
Publisher
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-166
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 59 19-173 (95% CI) #/km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Piute Valley Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality range of per capita mortality rates (k) for 2 time periods 0.08 - 0.21 /yr Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Piute Valley 115-130 animals/time period Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean BW = 0.000505(CL)^2.826 regression of carapace length (CL; 80 - 260mm) to body weight (BW; g) g Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Piute Valley 53 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Field studies of natality in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi

Author(s)
Hampton, Anne M.
Pages
128-138
Publisher
Desert Tortoise Council
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 3 estimated from eggshell fragments in nest 1-9 eggs/nest Female Adult Fremont Valley 15 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
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