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Sturnella neglecta

Citation:

A determination of the economic status of the western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) in California

Author(s)
Bryant, Harold C.
Pages
377-510
Year
Issue
14
Volume
11
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation observed range of incubation periods 12-14 d Not Reported Embryo Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis observed number of days chicks spent in nest 8-10 d Not Reported Fledgling Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 7 average increase in body weight g/d Not Reported Nestling 2 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 4.00 body weight of average adult oz Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 0.25 body weight of day-old nestling oz Not Reported Nestling 2 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition grain (30.8), weed seed (5.3), miscell. vegetable (0.6), Coleoptera (21.3), Orthoptera (20.3), Lepidoptera (12.2), Hemiptera (1.7), Hymenoptera (5.6), Diptera (0.1), Arachnida (0.2), miscell. insects (1.9) percent contribution to the diet by volume, based on stomach content analyses % Not Reported Not Reported ~2,000 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets

Falco sparverius

Citation:

Growth of body components in parent- and hand-reared captive kestrels

Author(s)
Bird, David M. and Robert G. Clark
Pages
77-84
Year
Issue
3
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 0.250 growth rate of body weight in parent-reared birds Male Nestling 11 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.239 growth rate of body weight in parent-reared birds Female Nestling 8 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 113.4 average body weight 2.0 SE g Male Adult 25 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 120.2 average body weight 5.3 SE g Female Adult 26 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food consumption of a sparrow hawk

Author(s)
Wing, Leonard and Anne H. Wing
Pages
168-170
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 43.6 average and range of daily caloric intake (food provided ad libidum) 28.0-70.2 cal/d Male Adult 1 bird Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 1 density of nesting pairs pair/1.1 mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Jackson Hole 10 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.4 5 (max) eggs/clutch Female Adult Jackson Hole 10 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 2 percent of eggs that failed to hatch % Not Reported Nestling Jackson Hole 10 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting May 20 to Jul 20 period from earliest egg laying date to date of latest brood departure Both Male and Female Adult Jackson Hole 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition Jun 20-Jun 22 dates of earliest and latest hatching Not Reported Nestling Jackson Hole 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size observed range of movement, based on observations of individuals 0.65-2.32 mi^2 Not Reported Adult Superior Township 8 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 4.2 number of fledglings produced per pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling Jackson Hole 10 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size observed range of movement during nesting, based on observations of individual or pair movements 0.16-1.93 mi^2 Not Reported Adult Jackson Hole 11 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition white-footed mice (6.0%), meadow mice (78.9%), shrews (1.3%), pocket gopher (1.0%), uinta ground squirrel (0.3%), sm-med sized birds (5.7%), insects (59.9%) percent occurrence of prey items in pellets during nesting % Not Reported Not Reported Jackson Hole 299 pellets from 8 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate averages of food amounts eaten per day 18-21 g Both Male and Female Not Reported 3 birds Exposure Factor Datasets

Bubo virginianus

Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Nesting mid-Feb to Jun 20 period from first territory selection to last brood fledged Both Male and Female Adult south-central Montana 15 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 64% percent of nests known to fledge young Not Reported Fledgling south-central Montana 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 100% percent of eggs hatched in nests that produced young Not Reported Nestling south-central Montana 11 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 0.2 SE 2-3 eggs/clutch Female Adult south-central Montana 6 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Monitoring great horned owls for pesticide exposure in southcentral Iowa

Author(s)
Buck, Jeremy A., Larry W. Brewer, Michael J. Hooper, George P. Cobb and Ronald J. Kendall
Pages
321-331
Year
Issue
2
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Home Range home range size (minimum convex polygon model) as determined by radiotelemetry 66-400 ha Not Reported Not Reported 22 owls Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Hawks, Owls and Wildlife

Author(s)
Craighead, John J. and Frank C. Craighead, Jr.
Pages
443
Publisher
Dover Publications, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Foraging Distance 0.25 typical maximum distance between two roosting sites mi Both Male and Female Adult Superior and Ann Arbor townships 11 home ranges Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 bird/2000 acres Both Male and Female Not Reported Superior township 11 owls Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition white-footed mice (58.2%), meadow mice (28.0%), other small mammals (2.8%), medium sized mammals (5.1%), gamebirds and sm-med sized birds (4.8%), other birds (1.2%) percent occurrence of prey items in pellets Not Reported Not Reported Superior township 297 pellets from 14 owls Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting Mar 12 - Jun 4 period from earliest egg laying date to date of latest brood departure Both Male and Female Adult Jackson Hole 4 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr 14 earliest hatching date Not Reported Nestling Jackson Hole 4 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 density of nesting pairs pair/3 mi^2 Both Male and Female Adult Jackson Hole 4 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.2 2-3 eggs/clutch Female Adult Jackson Hole 4 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 11 percent of eggs that failed to hatch Not Reported Nestling Jackson Hole 4 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Fledging or Weaning Rate 2 number of fledglings produced per pair fledglings/pair Not Reported Fledgling Jackson Hole 4 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size observed range of movement during nesting, based on observations of individual or pair movements 0.45-1.11 mi^2 Not Reported Adult Jackson Hole 4 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition white-footed mice (3.6%), meadow mice (64.5%), shrews (0.3%), weasels (0.6%), red squirrel (0.3%), pocket gopher (23.5%), snowshoe rabbit (2.8%), ruffed grouse (1.4%) sage grouse (0.3%), mallard (0.6%), sm-med sized birds (1.4%), sucker (0.8%) percent occurrence of prey items in diet during nesting % Not Reported Not Reported Jackson Hole 361 food items, 4 nests Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate averages of food amounts eaten per day 82-85 g Both Male and Female Not Reported 2 birds Exposure Factor Datasets

Colaptes auratus

Citation:

Molt in flight feathers of flickers

Author(s)
Test, Frederick H.
Pages
63-72
Year
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Molt June-July date of onset of postjuvenal and adult molt Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles 2500 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food of the woodpeckers of the United States

Author(s)
Beal, F.E.L.
Pages
7-64
Publisher
Government Printing Office
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition animal food (67.71%), vegetable food (32.26%) percent composition of stomach contents Not Reported Not Reported 183 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
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OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment