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Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Repeatability of wing molt timing of mallards in relation to breeding

Author(s)
Leafloor, James O. and Bruce D.J. Batt
Pages
2620-2624
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Molt July 30-August 10 mean annual date of molt initiation (over 3 yr) Female Adult 131 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The Central, Imperial, and Coachella Valleys of California

Author(s)
Heitmeyer, Mickey E., Daniel P. Connelly, and Roger L. Pederson
Pages
475-505
Publisher
Texas Tech University Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 314,712 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Sacramento Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 30,438 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles San Joaquin Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 15,221 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Suisun Marsh Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 4,667 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles San Francisco Delta Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 389 mean number of ducks counted in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mid-winter inventories 1978-1987 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Imperial and Coachella Valleys Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

A nesting study of ducks and coots on Tule Lake and Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuges

Author(s)
Miller, A.W. and B.D. Collins
Pages
17-37
Year
Issue
1
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Hatching Success 85.2% proportion of observed nests with at least one successful hatch Female Adult Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges 209 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting April-September period between first observed nest to last observed hatches Female Adult Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges 209 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 mean clutch size of successful nests eggs Female Adult Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges 178 Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 91.4% Mean hatch success of successful nests Female Adult Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges 178 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-July Female Adult Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Molt migration of postbreeding female mallards from Suisun Marsh, California

Author(s)
Yarris, Gregory S., M. Robert McLandress and Alison E.H. Perkins
Pages
36-45
Year
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal May 22 to July 10 timing of departure from breeding grounds Female Adult Suisun Marsh, Grizzly Island 34 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Foods used by male mallards wintering in southeastern Missouri

Author(s)
Combs, Daniel L. and Leigh H. Fredrickson
Pages
603-610
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition total plant seeds (19.3%), total grain (5.7%), acorns (64.5%), total vegetation (0.9%), tubers/rhizomes (5.1%), invertebrates (4.6%) mean aggregate % dry mass of foods collected in mallard stomachs (one season) Male Both Adults and Juveniles Mingo National Wildlife Refuge 104 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The fasting metabolism of subadult mallards acclimatized to low ambient temperatures

Author(s)
Smith, Kirtland G. and Harold H. Prince
Pages
330-335
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate y = 1.970 - 0.054x (r-squared = 0.932) metabolic rate (ml O^2/g/h)-ambient temperature (celcius) relationship Male Juvenile 20 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate y = 1.780 - 0.052x (r-squared = 0.882) metabolic rate (ml O^2/g/h)-ambient temperature (celcius) relationship Female Juvenile 20 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Distribution and survival of mallards banded at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge

Author(s)
Jarvis, Robert L., and Sean B. Furniss
Pages
292-301
Year
Issue
3
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.377 estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) 0.046 (SE) Male Juvenile Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.628 estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) 0.035 (SE) Male Adult Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.569 estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) 0.105 (SE) Female Juvenile Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.586 estimated annual survival rate (1960-1971) 0.081 (SE) Female Adult Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Laying dates, clutch size and egg weight of captive mallards

Author(s)
Batt, Bruce D.J., and Harold H. Prince
Pages
35-41
Year
Volume
81
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 10.4 mean clutch size from first nesting attempt 0.2 (SE) eggs Female Adult 151 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Nesting April-June date of nest initiation Female Adult 151 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival and nest success of sympatric female mallards, Anas platyrynchos, and American black ducks, Anas rubripes, breeding in a forested environment

Author(s)
Dwyer, Chris P. and Guy A. Baldassare
Pages
213-216
Year
Issue
2
Volume
107
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 9.3 1.3 (SD) eggs Female Adult Adirondack Mountains 18 Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Female Adult Adirondack Mountains 18 Exposure Factor Datasets
Hatching Success 67% proportion of tagged females that hatched clutches Female Adult Adirondack Mountains 18 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 88% survival of tagged females over the breeding period Female Adult Adirondack Mountains 22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The mallard: Its management in western Montana

Author(s)
Girard, G. L.
Pages
233-259
Year
Volume
5
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 28 d Both Male and Female Embryo lower Flathead Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi

Author(s)
Delnicki, D. and K.J. Reinecke
Pages
43-51
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 1,239 3 (SE) 1181-1314 g Male Both Adults and Juveniles Mississippi Alluvial Valley 1,477 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1,079 4 (SE) 1,040-1,139 g Female Both Adults and Juveniles Mississippi Alluvial Valley 641 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition animal (3.0%), plant (97.0%) percent composition of esopageal food samples Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Mississippi Alluvial Valley 2,118 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food availability and preference of juvenile mallards

Author(s)
Chura, Nicholas J.
Pages
121-134
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition flora (2.6%), fauna (97.4%) Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition flora (10.5%), fauna (89.5%) Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition flora (25.3%), fauna (74.7%) Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition flora (50.6%), fauna (49.4%) Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition flora (71%), fauna (29%) Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition flora (89.4%), fauna (10.6%) Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition flora (99.1%), fauna (0.92%) Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition flora (99.9%), fauna (0.08%) Both Male and Female Juvenile Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season

Author(s)
Lokemoen, John T., Douglas H. Johnson and David E. Sharp
Pages
122-130
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Growth Rate 0.0692 growth rate estimated from logistic growth curve 0.0030 (SE) Both Male and Female Juvenile central North Dakota Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Temporal and geographic estimates of survival and recovery rates for the mallard, 1950 through 1985.

Author(s)
Chu, D.S. and J.B. Hestbeck
Pages
57
Publisher
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 20
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.6279 survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 0.009 (SE) Male Adult Northern California 18,289 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.5664 survival estimates for birds banded 1972-1981 0.0263 (SE) Male Adult Central California 776 Exposure Factor Datasets
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