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Falco sparverius

Citation:

Respiratory metabolism of three species of raptors

Author(s)
Gatehouse, S.N. and B.J. Markham
Pages
738-741
Year
Volume
87
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate combined day and night oxygen consumption over one 24 hr period 1.146-1.682 ml oxygen/g/hr Both Male and Female Adult 3 birds Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Fat content of American kestrels and sharp-shinned hawks estimated by total body electrical conductivity

Author(s)
Gessaman, J.A. and S.M. Harden
Pages
56-57
Year
Issue
1
Volume
29
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Fat (total or %) 6.01 percent body fat calculated from total body electrical conductivity 1.92 SE % Male Adult Cape May 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 8.51 percent body fat calculated from total body electrical conductivity 2.00 SE % Female Adult Cape May 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Premigratory fat in the American kestrel

Author(s)
Gessaman, James A.
Pages
625-626
Year
Issue
4
Volume
91
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Fat (total or %) mean percent body fat as measured by fat extraction from April to September 4-5.3 % Male Adult Cache county 14 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An evaluation of heart rate as an indirect measure of daily energy metabolism of the American kestrel

Author(s)
Gessaman, James A.
Pages
273-289
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 23.06 daily energy metabolism based on heart rate (30 C) and a linear regression equation for heart rate and volume of oxygen consumed 1.03 SE 21.83-25.10 kcal/d Not Reported Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Fat content of American kestrels and sharp-shinned hawks estimated by total body electrical conductivity

Author(s)
Harden, Shari M.
Pages
42
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Fat (total or %) 2.46 total body fat based on Soxhlet fat extraction 0.25 SE 0.8-4.9 g Both Male and Female Adult 21 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits and abundance of raptors in an agricultural area of Tulare County, California

Author(s)
Hawkins, Cole Carlson
Pages
102
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition insects (97%), isopod (5%), birds (27%), mammals (25%) percent occurrence in sample pellets Not Reported Not Reported agricultural lands Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Clutch sizes, hatchability rates, and sex ratios of sparrow hawks in eastern Pennsylvania

Author(s)
Heintzelman, Donald S. and Alexander C. Nagy
Pages
306-311
Year
Issue
3
Volume
80
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 30.9 incubation period 28-35 d Both Male and Female Embryo Berks county 2 clutches (8 eggs) Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 78 hatching success % Both Male and Female Hatchling Berks county 55 eggs (14 clutches) Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.23 1-6 eggs Female Adult Berks county 13 clutches Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

An analysis of the population dynamics of selected avian species with special reference to changes during the modern pesticide era

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J.
Pages
23-28
Publisher
United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report No. 1
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.59 0.60 SD eggs/clutch Female Adult 244 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.602 mortality rate estimate for banded individuals 0.035 SD Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles throughout USA and Canada 118 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.465 mortality rate of banded individuals, 1946-65 0.017 SD Both Male and Female Adult throughout USA and Canada 6,544 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The incidence of man-caused and natural mortalities to raptors

Author(s)
Keran, Doug
Pages
108-112
Year
Issue
4
Volume
15
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Longevity 118 longest survival of a banded individual mo Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,017 records of mortality Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 12.6 average length of survival of banded individuals mo Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles throughout USA 1,017 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Differential habitat use by sexes of American kestrels wintering in northern California

Author(s)
Koplin, James R.
Pages
39-42
Year
Issue
2
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 34 average density +/- 11 95% CI kestrels/100 mi Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles coastal and coast range areas 135 obs. Exposure Factor Datasets

Anas platyrhynchos

Citation:

Mallard recruitment in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M. and Robert L. Jarvis
Pages
565-570
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 59 Survival rates, not mortality. 3.4 SE % Female Adult Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, CA Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 52 Survival rates, not mortality. 7.8 SE % Female Juvenile Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Movements and habitat use of mallard broods in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
88-94
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 1.27 For 1989. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. 0.47 SE 0.04 - 6.23 km2 Not Reported Nestling Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 13 broods Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 0.62 For 1990. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. 0.21 SE 0.045 - 2.68 km2 Not Reported Nestling Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 14 broods Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival of radio-marked mallard ducklings in northeastern California

Author(s)
Mauser, David M., Robert L. Jarvis and David S. Gilmer
Pages
82-87
Year
Issue
1
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.181 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.05 - 0.31 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 36 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.366 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.21 - 0.52 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 41 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.366 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.19 - 0.55 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 41 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.410 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.27 - 0.54 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.344 Survival estimates determined using the Kaplan-Meier method 0.20 - 0.49 (95% C.I.) Not Reported Chick Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nesting biology of mallards in California

Author(s)
McLandress, M. Robert, Gregory S. Yarris, Alison E.H. Perkins, Daniel P. Connelly and Dennis G. Raveling
Pages
94-107
Year
Issue
1
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 8.5 eggs Not Reported Not Reported Suisun Marsh 1934 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.9 eggs Not Reported Not Reported Sacramento Valley 521 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.2 eggs Not Reported Not Reported San Joaquin Valley 246 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.3 eggs Not Reported Not Reported Northeastern California 227 Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 20.8 See table 2, p.99, for more detailed means. 1.5 SE 13.0 - 28.6 breeding pairs/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Impacts of changing irrigation practices on waterfowl habitat use in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s)
Barnum, D.A. and N.H. Euliss, Jr.
Pages
10-21
Year
Issue
1
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 1.0 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported Tulare Basin, Kern National Wildlife Refuge not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.25 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported hunting clubs Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Female Not Reported preirrigated croplands Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.07 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported evaporation ponds Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.5 For explanation of classifications, see p. 11 (classifications are Kern NWR, hunting clubs, etc). birds/ha Not Reported Not Reported miscellaneous Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 61 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 56 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Adult not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 47 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Male Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 46 These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. % Female Juvenile not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolizable energy of small grains for mallards

Author(s)
Sugden, Lawson G.
Pages
781-785
Year
Issue
4
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 43.35 The value is an average calculated from average intake on eight different diets. See table 1 p. 783 for specific diet averages. grams/duck/day Male Juvenile 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
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