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| Exposure Endpoint Type | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 17-27 | individuals per 52 km^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | southcentral area, agricultural lands | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 27 | mean number of days between 5th egg laid and 5th egg hatched | 0.58 SE | 26-28 | d | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 3 eggs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | March-May | period of laying | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 28.4 | mean nestling period | 26-32 | d | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 29 chicks | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 102.5 | 80.0-143.0 | g | Male | Adult | throughout USA | 88 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Body Weight - Mean | 119.0 | 86.0-164.8 | g | Female | Adult | throughout USA | 72 | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Molt | July-October/November | period of molt | Both Male and Female | Adult | throughout USA | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Survival/ Mortality | 57 | average annual mortality of banded individuals (over 6 years) | % | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | throughout USA | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | 0.42 | mean caloric consumption per g body weight per day (wet weight basis) | kcal/g/day | Male | Adult | 2 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | August (begin), October (peak), November (end) | time period of fall migration | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | Pt. Diablo, Marin Headlands | 276 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 110.7 | mean body weight measured over 4 years | 1.1 SE | 105.6-112.1 | g | Male | Both Adults and Juveniles | coastal southern CA | 69 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Body Weight - Mean | 119.8 | mean body weight measured over 4 years | 0.9 SE | 117.4-123.9 | g | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | coastal southern CA | 111 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 28-30 | d | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) | 112 | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.3 | 3.5-4.9 | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | Great Basin (1260-2340 m) | 38 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 3.7 | 2.5-4.6 | fledged/successful nest | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | Great Basin (1260-2340 m) | 30 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 3.1 | 2.5-3.6 | fledged/active nest | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | Great Basin (1260-2340 m) | 36 nests | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May 22 | median date of laying | May 6 - June 26 | Female | Adult | Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) | 27 pairs | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Hatching or Parturition | June 21 | median hatching date | June 7- July 26 | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) | 27 pairs | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | July 29 | median fledging date | July 5 - August 25 | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | Great Basin (elev. 1260-2340 m) | 27 pairs | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | invertebrates (10.5%), herpetofauna (2.4%), mammals (79.1%), birds (8.0%) | dietary composition (% of total biomass), 1972-1973 | Female | Not Reported | Arcata Bottoms | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | invertebrates (39.3%), herpetofauna (37.9%), mammals (22.8%) | dietary composition (% of total biomass), 1973-1974 | Female | Not Reported | Arcata Bottoms | 3 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | August (begin) | period of fall migration of individuals fledged in northern CA, or at high elevations | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | throughout state | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | February (peak) | period of spring migration of individuals fledged in northern CA, or at high elevations | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | throughout state | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | invertebrates (85.4%), vertebrates (14.6%) | relative numbers of dietary items captured | Not Reported | Not Reported | Arcata Bottoms; pasture | 24 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalation Rate | 35.4 | mean resting respiratory rate | 3.21 SD | #/min | Not Reported | Adult | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 4 | wintering population size | individuals/43 sq mi | Not Reported | Not Reported | agricultural lands | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Population Density | 0.58 | breeding population density | birds/mi2 | Not Reported | Not Reported | agricultural lands | 25 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | 1.5 | mean maximum diameter of winter home ranges | mi | Not Reported | Not Reported | agricultural lands | 3 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Home Range | 1.4 | mean maximum diameter of breeding home ranges | mi | Not Reported | Not Reported | agricultural lands | 4 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Range | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 8 - 12 | eggs | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Clutches or Litters per year | 1 | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Time of Mating/ Laying | March 25 (begin) - May 20 (end) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | late August/early September (begin), September (peak) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||||
| Dietary Composition | beechnuts, acorns, and slugs, snails, frogs or lizards (occasionally) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Central Valley | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | 80 | resting heat production | kcal/kg/day | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 birds/treatment | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Metabolic Rate | increased to 110 kcal/kg/day | resting heat production of oiled birds (crude oil) versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 birds/treatment | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | April 15 (begin) - May 20 (end) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Chippewa National Forest, east of Bemidji Minnesota | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Molt | August 8 (begin) - September 2 (end) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Chippewa National Forest, east of Bemidji, Minnesota | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Error | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Location | Sample Size | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foraging Distance | 3.8 | foraging distance in grazed corn stubble; for foraging distance over other types of terrain, see table 3, p. 1050 | 0.4 SE | km | Not Reported | Not Reported | Platte River between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska | 66 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Dietary Composition | corn (51.7%), milo (2.6%), other plant (16.5%), mollusca (snails, clams; 2.9%), insecta (0.3%) | food item occurrence in esophageal contents, expressed as aggregate percent dry weight | Not Reported | Not Reported | along Platte River, between Lexington and Gibbon, Nebraska | 68 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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