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Vulpes macrotis

Citation:

Notes on ecology and food of the Kit fox in Central Utah

Author(s)
Smith, Dwight G.
Pages
96 - 98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition black-tailed hare (61.4%), cottontail rabbit (7.7%); also Ord's kangaroo rat, deer mouse, pocket mouse, horned lark, unident. passerine, beetle proportion of total prey items identified in stomach contents Both Male and Female Adult 18 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Size and spatial organization of home ranges of kit foxes in Arizona

Author(s)
Zoellick, Bruce W. and Norman S. Smith
Pages
83-88
Year
Issue
1
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 9.8 home range as calculated with the grid-cell method 0.1.4 SE km2 Female Adult 7.5 km NW Tonopah 3 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 12.3 home range as calculated with the grid-cell method 1.0 SE km2 Male Adult 7.5 km NW Tonopah 4 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Water economy of two desert canids: Coyote and kit fox

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
51-58
Year
Issue
1
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 115 estimated daily food intake based on a desert kangaroo diet (7.38 kJ/g wet wt) and calculated daily energy requirements (see Golightly, 1981) g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 101 estimated daily food intake based on a desert kangaroo diet (7.38 kJ/g wet wt) and calculated daily energy requirements (see Golightly, 1981) g/d Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica

Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density denning density 1 den/28 ha - 1 den/37 ha Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves 1010 dens Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density adult density 2-2.8 #/260 ha Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves 361 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 22 mo Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying December time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition early February Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.1 mean litter size pups Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction and spacing patterns of kit foxes relative to changing prey availability

Author(s)
White, Patrick J. and Katherine Ralls
Pages
861-867
Year
Issue
4
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density minimum densities of foxes in study area over three years 1 fox /4.1 km2 - 1 fox / 6.5 km2 Both Male and Female Adult Carrizo Plain Natural Area 15-22 foxes/year Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 1-3 pups Female Adult Carrizo Plain Natural Area 4 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 11.6 individual home range size 0.9 SE km2 Both Male and Female Adult Carrizo Plain Natural Area 21 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Functional and numerical responses of kit foxes to a short-term decline in mammalian prey

Author(s)
White, Patrick J., Callie A. Vanderbilt White and Katherine Ralls
Pages
370-376
Year
Issue
2
Volume
77
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition deer mice (10.8%), kangaroo rats (8.4%), pocket gophers (2.9%), pocket mice (20.0%), woodrats (0.6%), ground squirrels (6.4%), birds (7.5%), insects (33.5%), leporids (4.7%), reptiles (2.0%), percentage occurrence of prey types in feces % Both Male and Female Adult Carrizo Plain Natural Area 834 feces Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Distribution and habitat requirements of the San Joaquin kit fox in the northern extreme of their range

Author(s)
Orloff, Susan, Frank Hall and Linda Spiegel
Pages
60-70
Year
Volume
22
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (27%), unident. birds (2%), rabbits (3%), California ground squirrel (35%), pocket mice (2%), western harvest mice (17%), Peromyscus sp. (13%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported Bethany Reservoir 10 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (1%), unident. reptiles (1%), unident. birds (1%), rabbits (5%), California ground squirrel (62%), pocket mice (5%), western harvest mice (10%), Peromyscus sp. (11%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported Bethany Reservoir 10 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Jerusalem crickets (20%), unident. insects (4%), unident. birds (10%), desert cottontail (1%), rabbits (5%), California ground squirrel (27%), pocket mice (13%), western harvest mice (9%), Peromyscus sp. (9%), unident. cricetid rodents (5%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported Bethany Reservoir 10 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition unident. vegetation (4%), California ground squirrel (83%), California pocket mice (2%), Peromyscus sp. (5%), unident. cricetid rodents (5%) percent volume of total prey items in scat % Both Male and Female Not Reported Bethany Reservoir 10 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 80 % Both Male and Female Juvenile Bethany Reservoir 5 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 67 % Both Male and Female Adult Bethany Reservoir 3 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Prey abundance and food habits of San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes velox macrotis) at Camp Roberts Army National Guard Training Site, California

Author(s)
Logan, Christopher G., William H. Berry, William G. Standley and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
21
Publisher
EG and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Operations Report No. 10617-2158
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Spermophilus beecheyi (35%), soluble material (16.6%), grasshoppers/crickets (12.9%), lagomorphs (12.2%), kangaroo rats (9.1%), miscellaneous (10.2%), deer mice/wood rats (7.7%), birds (5.2%), beetles/weevils (3.5%), vegetation (2.8%), snakes (2.0%), pocket mice (0.8%), pocket gophers (0.5%), lizards (0.2%) frequency of occurrence of prey items found in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Camp Roberts 649 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diet of the San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on Naval Petroleum Reserve #1, Kern County, California, 1980-1984

Author(s)
Scrivner, Jerry H., Thomas P. O'Farrell and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
26
Publisher
EG&G Energy Measurements, EGG 10282-2168
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition lagomorphs (73.3%), kangaroo rats (13.1%), San Joaquin antelope ground squirrel (2.9%), San Joaquin kit fox (2.8%), Cricetidinae (1.3%), Heteromyidae (0.8%), San Joaquin pocket mouse (0.7%), California ground squirrel (0.6%), southern grasshopper mouse (0.5%), sheep (0.5%), Botta pocket gopher (0.3%), birds (1.4%), snakes (1.2%), lizards (0.1%), grasshoppers and crickets (6.2%), beetles (1.0%), arthropods (0.2%), grass (1.7%), soluble material (5.2%), other (9.1%) frequency of occurrence of food items found in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Naval Petroleum Reserve #1 1430 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Competetive interactions between coyotes and San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Kenneth A. Spencer
Pages
204-214
Year
Issue
1
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition see figure bar graph showing use of leporids, rodents, insects and other food items over 6 years Not Reported Not Reported Naval Petroleum Reserves in California 449 scat samples Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 61.0 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years 5.2 SE 30.0-84.0 % Not Reported Adult Naval Petroleum Reserves in California 306 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 79.8 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years 4.5 SE 50.0-100 % Not Reported Juvenile Naval Petroleum Reserves in California 177 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Patterns of den use by San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Koopman, Marni E., Jerry H. Scrivner and Thomas T. Kato
Pages
373-379
Year
Volume
62
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 4.3 average home range km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Naval Petroleum Reserves in California, Bakersfield Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Factors regulating kit fox populations

Author(s)
White, P.J. and Robert A. Garrott
Pages
1982-1988
Year
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Population Density review #/km2 Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality review Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 200 denning range (area enclosing occupied den sites) ha Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 16 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying January based on reproductive condition of adults at time of capture Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 10.2 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location 0.8 SE 8-14 mo Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 6 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 2.4 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location 0.7 SE mo Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 13 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2034 78 SE g Male Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 15 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1936 64 SE g Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 13 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis

Citation:

Population dynamics of the kit fox in western Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
122-127
Year
Issue
3
Volume
74
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Migration or Dispersal late summer time of juvenile dispersal from natal territory Both Male and Female Juvenile western Utah Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 5+ average maximum age attained 4-7 yr Both Male and Female Adult western Utah Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology and life history of the kit fox in Tooele County, Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
481-497
Year
Issue
3
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 4.2 average body weight 3.6-4.6 lbs Female Adult Tooele County, west. UT 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 175 average daily consumption in captivity 108-348 (male); 56-292 (female) g/day Both Male and Female Adult Tooele County, west. UT Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4-5 pups/litter Female Adult Tooele County, west. UT 11 litters Exposure Factor Datasets
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