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Canis latrans

Citation:

Food habits and average weights of a fall-winter sample of eastern coyotes, Canis latrans

Author(s)
Moore, Gary C. and John S. Millar
Pages
105-106
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 11.42 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Juvenile New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 80 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 15.24 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Adult New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 23 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote food habits in southeastern Arizona

Author(s)
Ortega, Joseph C.
Pages
152-155
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition leporids (68.5%); Sigmodon spp. (31.8%); aves (5.9%); grass (16.3%); Juniperus deppeana (7.2%); other vegetation (20.0%); other materials (9.6%) overall % occurrence of major food items (>5%) in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Appleton-Whittel Research Ranch, Santa Cruz County (elev., 1500 m) 759 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy requirements of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Pekins, Peter J. and William W. Mautz
Pages
656-659
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 10.6 yearly mean basal metabolic rate; range of seasonal means 9.8 - 11.6 L O2/kg/d Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 163.5 field metabolic rate estimated as 3 times basal metabolic rate kcal/kg Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Social distribution and population estimates of coyotes in north-central Montana

Author(s)
Pyrah, Duane
Pages
670-690
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 7.8 mean den area; land area around a den or rendezvous used by group 7.0 - 9.3 km2 Female Adult Missouri River Breaks 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 9.7 mean den area; land area around a den or rendezvous used by group 0.3 - 15.5 km2 Male Adult Missouri River Breaks 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer foods of coyotes at Rocky Flats, Colorado

Author(s)
Ribic, Christine A.
Pages
152-153
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition grass species (78%); meadow vole (73%); northern pocket gopher (43%); insects (40%); passerines (30%); lagomorphs (24%); cricetid mice (19%); mule deer (13%) % occurrence of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant, Denver 54 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote diets associated with seasonal mule deer activities in California

Author(s)
Smith, James R.
Pages
78-82
Year
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition mule deer (7%); small mammals (67%); reptiles (11%); insects (8%); fruits (5%); other (21%) % frequency of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Sierra National Forest (elev. 300 -3900 m) 60 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mule deer (3%); small mammals (30%); birds (6%); reptiles (6%); insects (8%); fruits (64%); other (4%) % frequency of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Sierra National Forest (elev. 300 -3900 m) 216 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mule deer (3%); small mammals (18%); birds (2%); reptiles (2%); insects (2%); fruits (82%); other (1%) % frequency of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Sierra National Forest (elev. 300 -3900 m) 199 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer food habits of coyotes in central Wyoming

Author(s)
Springer, Joseph Tucker and J. Steven Smith
Pages
449-456
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition pronghorn antelope (55%); mule deer (5%), other native ungulate (3%); sciurids (21%); microtines (13%); cricetines (3%); unidentified cricetines (7%); western jumping mouse (1%); plant material (42%); coyote (22%); arthropods (18%) % frequency in scats % Not Reported Not Reported 404 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote foods in a coniferous forest in Oregon

Author(s)
Toweill, Dale E. and Robert G. Anthony
Pages
507-512
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition rodents (36%); ungulates (26%); lagomorphs (23%); insectivores (2%); other mammals (1%); unidentified mammals (13%); birds (8%); reptiles (2%); insects (3%); fruit (38%); grass (13%); human refuse (1%) annual % frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Willamette National Forest, Lane County (elev., 500-1500 m) 844 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote diets, five years later, at Cuyamaca Rancho State Park

Author(s)
Weintraub, Joel D.
Pages
152-157
Year
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Scapanus latimanus (3%); Spermophilus beechyi (24%); Thomomys bottae (64%); Reithrodontomys megalotis (4%); Peromyscus sp. (19%); Neotoma spp. (4%); Microtus californicus (32%); Odocoileus hemionus (41%); birds (6%); reptiles (12%); arthropods (47%); vegetation (33%) % occurrence of major food items (>1%) in scats % Not Reported Not Reported East Mesa, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park (elev., 1525 m) 223 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population characteristics of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the northern Chihuahuan desert of New Mexico

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Steven M. Ebbert and Brian T. Kelly
Pages
197-207
Year
Volume
138
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 12.6 85% harmonic mean estimate of home range for "territorial" class 1.8 SE km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 25.9 85% harmonic mean estimate of home range for "transient" class 6.5 SE km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 11.6 1.4 SE kg Male Adult Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) 21 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 9.5 1.0 SE kg Female Adult Jornada Experimental Range, Dona Ana County (elev., 1320-1390 m) 13 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Body size and condition of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., Richard M. Engeman and Jeffrey F. Bromaghin
Pages
47 - 52
Year
Volume
27
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 7.6 0.2 SE kg Male Juvenile Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] 38 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 6.5 0.2 SE kg Female Juvenile Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] 40 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 9.1 0.2 SE kg Male Juvenile Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] 32 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 8.0 0.1 SE kg Female Juvenile Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of means for two yearling age groups 10.0 - 10.8 kg Male Juvenile Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] 19-35 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of means for two yearling age groups 8.6 - 8.9 kg Female Juvenile Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] 22 - 32 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of means for two adult age groups 10.6 - 11.4 kg Male Adult Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] 69 - 76 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of means for two adult age groups; excluding those in latter half of gestation 9.1 - 9.6 kg Female Adult Webb County [lat., 27^o20'-28^o00N; long., 99^o00'-99^o40'W] 43-66 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Winter diets of coyotes in relation to prey abundance in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A. and Carl D. Mitchell
Pages
439-447
Year
Volume
71
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition lagomorphs (27 - 54%); woodrat (5-21%); cotton rat (0-40%); small rodents (4-12%); deer (4-19%); other prey (8 - 22%) range of percent distribution of prey items over 8 yrs % Not Reported Not Reported Webb County 2335 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Survival of coyotes in southern Texas

Author(s)
Windberg, Lamar A., H. Leroy Anderson and Richard M. Engeman
Pages
301-307
Year
Volume
49
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality 0.70 overall annual survival rate (autumn-autumn), estimated over 4 yr periods 0.58 - 0.82 (95% CL) Both Male and Female Adult Webb County 88 Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.42 overall annual survival rate (autumn-autumn), estimated over 3 yr periods 0.24 - 0.60 (95% CL) Both Male and Female Juvenile Webb County 38 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Dispersal, daily activity, and home range of coyotes in southeastern Idaho

Author(s)
Woodruff, Roger A. and Barry L. Keller
Pages
199-207
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 29.3 estimated by modified minimum area method 2.4 SE km2 Female Adult Idaho National Engineering Laboratory 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Use of food items by sex and age classes of coyotes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L., Kenneth A. Spencer and Jerry H. Scrivner
Pages
42-47
Year
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition leporid (76.4%); rodent (18.0%); livestock (13.5%); bird (13.5%); insect (4.5%); other (14.6%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Adult Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] 89 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition leporid (57.6%); rodent (27.1%); livestock (27.1%); bird (20.3%); insect (11.9%); other (25.4%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] 59 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition leporid (62.7%); rodent (19.4%); livestock (17.9%); bird (14.9%); insect (41.8%); other (26.9%) % frequency of occurrence in stomach contents % Both Male and Female Juvenile Naval Petroleum Reserves (elev., 88-473m) [lat., 35^oN; long., 119^oN] 59 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer food habits of coyotes in Idaho's River of No Return Wilderness Area

Author(s)
Elliott, Charles E. and Richard Guetig
Pages
63 - 65
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Columbian ground squirrel (56.85); mule deer (27.4%); deer mouse (15.6%); moose (13.7%); northern pocket gopher (11.7%); montane vole (11.7%); golden-mantled ground squirrel (5.8%); Audubon's cottontail (3.9%); horse (3.9%); unknown mammals (5.8%); reptiles (3.9%); arthropods (39.2%); birds (27.4%); plants (21.5%) % occurrence of major (>1.9%) food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Big Creek Ranger District 51 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of the coyote in California

Author(s)
Ferrel, Carol M., Howard R. Leach and Daniel F. Tillotson
Pages
301-341
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition rodent (33.2%); deer (17.0%); other stock (14.8%); rabbit (13.2%); misc. (10.0%); sheep (4.6%); bird (3.8%); vegetation (3.4%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported coastal region 407 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (27.0%); deer (18.3%); other stock (9.4%); rabbit (22.2%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (6.7%); bird (5.0%); vegetation (0.9%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported northeast region 611 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (24.5%); deer (11.4%); other stock (12.1%); rabbit (22.9%); misc. (10.5%); sheep (9.7%); bird (3.4%); vegetation (5.5%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported inland Sierra region 813 Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica

Citation:

Competetive interactions between coyotes and San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Kenneth A. Spencer
Pages
204-214
Year
Issue
1
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition see figure bar graph showing use of leporids, rodents, insects and other food items over 6 years Not Reported Not Reported Naval Petroleum Reserves in California 449 scat samples Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 61.0 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years 5.2 SE 30.0-84.0 % Not Reported Adult Naval Petroleum Reserves in California 306 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 79.8 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years 4.5 SE 50.0-100 % Not Reported Juvenile Naval Petroleum Reserves in California 177 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
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