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Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica

Citation:

Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox

Author(s)
Morrell, Stephen
Pages
162-174
Year
Issue
3
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) 3.8-5.5 lbs Male Adult Buena Vista Valley 1-4 foxes/month Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of monthly averages (Jan.-Dec.) 4.4-5.6 lbs Female Adult Buena Vista Valley 1-5 foxes/month Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate growth rate observed in repeatedly trapped pups 0.75-1 lb/month Both Male and Female Pup Buena Vista Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 3-5 pups Female Adult Buena Vista Valley 5 litters Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition February-March Female Adult Buena Vista Valley Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Kangaroo rats (80.7%), rabbits (46.2%), squirrels (9.6%), cottontails (5.8%), pocket mouse (1.9%), unident. insects (59.6%), scorpions (17.3%), Jerusalem crickets (13.5%), insect larvae (11.5%), ants (9.6%), grasshoppers (5.8%), beetles (3.8%), spiders (1.9%) frequency of occurrence in scat analyses % Both Male and Female Not Reported 52 scat groups Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selenium accumulation and ecology of the San Joaquin kit fox in the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge Area

Author(s)
Paveglio, Fred L and Steven D. Clifton
Publisher
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, San Luis Wildlife Refuge
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition insects (1.3%), Hermann's kangaroo rat (19.6%), California vole (31.5%), deer mouse (14.4%), California ground squirrel (24.4%), Audubon's cottontail (12.0%), unident. plant material (0.7%) relative composition of prey remains in scat % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge 25 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Assessment of abundance of San Joaquin kit foxes by spotlight surveys

Author(s)
Ralls, Katherine and L. Lee Eberhardt
Pages
65-73
Year
Issue
1
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Population Density see citation figures showing seasonal abundance and density counts Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 1,239 surveys (dry season); 883 surveys (wet season) Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range characteristics of the San Joaquin kit fox in western Kern County, California

Author(s)
Spiegel, Linda K. and Michael Bradbury
Pages
83-92
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 1.61 denning range, based on observations of marked individuals at dens 0.20 SE km2 Both Male and Female Adult south San Joaquin Valley 26 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 5.82 nocturnal range, based on noctural locations of marked individuals 0.45 SE km2 Both Male and Female Adult south San Joaquin Valley 26 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 6.13 based on all observations of marked individuals 0.45 SE 1.69-11.18 km2 Both Male and Female Adult Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Conservation of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox, Vulpes macrotis mutica, on the Naval Petroleum Reserves, California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, T.P.
Pages
207-208
Year
Volume
172
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density denning density 1 den/28 ha - 1 den/37 ha Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves 1010 dens Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density adult density 2-2.8 #/260 ha Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves 361 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Sexual Maturity 22 mo Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying December time of breeding Both Male and Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition early February Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.1 mean litter size pups Female Adult Elk Hills Naval and Buena Vista Petroleum Reserves Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis

Citation:

Notes on ecology and food of the Kit fox in Central Utah

Author(s)
Smith, Dwight G.
Pages
96 - 98
Year
Issue
2
Volume
3
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Population Density 4 mean number of pairs on study area 1-5 pairs/207 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1 mean animal density in study area adult/12.9 km^2 Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 2.5 mean litter size 2-4 pups Female Adult 8 litters Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition black-tailed hare (61.4%), cottontail rabbit (7.7%); also Ord's kangaroo rat, deer mouse, pocket mouse, horned lark, unident. passerine, beetle proportion of total prey items identified in stomach contents Both Male and Female Adult 18 stomachs Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. arsipus

Citation:

Ecology of the desert kit fox, Vulpes macrotis arsipus, in the Mojave Desert of southern California

Author(s)
O'Farrell, Thomas P. and Larry Gilbertson
Pages
1-15
Year
Issue
1
Volume
85
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 200 denning range (area enclosing occupied den sites) ha Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 16 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying January based on reproductive condition of adults at time of capture Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 10.2 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location 0.8 SE 8-14 mo Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 6 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 2.4 measured from time of capture to time of last capture or radio-telemetry location 0.7 SE mo Both Male and Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 13 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2034 78 SE g Male Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 15 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1936 64 SE g Female Adult Rand Open Area and Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area 13 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets

Zalophus californianus

Citation:

Breeding biology of the California Sea lion, Zalophus californianus

Author(s)
Odell, D. K.
Pages
374-378
Year
Volume
169
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May - Aug. breeding season; pupping and mating Female Adult San Nicolas Island Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Territory Size 130 territory size during breeding 15 - 291 m2 Male Adult San Nicolas Island 20 territories Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

California sea lion mortality: Natural or artifact

Author(s)
Brownell, R. L. and B.J. LeBoeuf
Pages
287-305
Publisher
Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-late June pupping season Female Adult San Miguel Island Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 1 pup/litter Female Adult San Miguel Island Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

The effect of El Nino on pup development in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) II: Milk intake

Author(s)
Iverson, S. J., O.T. Oftedal and D.J. Boness
Pages
180-184
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 9.09 0.112 SE kg Male Pup San Nicolas Island 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 7.59 0.289 SE kg Female Pup San Nicolas Island 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 10.32 0.715 SE kg Male Pup San Nicolas Island 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 144.1 daily weight gain during 1st mo of life 16.13 SE g/d Male Pup San Nicolas Island 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 120.0 daily weight gain during 1st mo of life 8.16 SE g/d Female Pup San Nicolas Island 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 109.2 daily weight gain during the 2nd mo of life 41.62 SE g/d Male Pup San Nicolas Island 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 75.8 daily weight gain during the 2nd mo of life 62.56 SE g/d Female Pup San Nicolas Island 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 8.00 daily milk intake as % of pup body weight 0.260 SE %/d Male Pup San Nicolas Island 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 7.37 daily milk intake as % of pup body weight 0.242 SE %/d Female Pup San Nicolas Island 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
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