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Canis latrans

Citation:

Behavioral ecology of coyotes on the National Elk Refuge, Jackson, Wyoming

Author(s)
Camenzind, Franz J.
Pages
267-296
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density 0.77 0.33 SD #/km2 Not Reported Pup National Elk Refuge, Jackson Hole Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 1.37 post-whelping population density 0.33 SD #/km2 Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles National Elk Refuge, Jackson Hole Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density peak density 0.57 - 0.98 #/km2 Not Reported Adult National Elk Refuge, Jackson Hole Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Relationships among coyote food habits, prey populations, and habitat use

Author(s)
Reichel, James D.
Pages
133-137
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition voles (79.4%); deer mice (4.7%); other rodents (7.9%); deer (9.8%); pronghorn (1.6%); other ungulates (5.4%); lagomorphs (1.6%); other mammals (1.9%); birds and eggs (6.6%); seeds and fruit (1.0%); insects (2.2%); unknown (3.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) 315 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition voles (88.8%); deer mice (2.8%); other rodents (10.0%); deer (6.2%); other ungulates (11.0%); other mammals (0.8%); birds and eggs (7.6%); seeds and fruit (0.4%); insects (0.8%); unknown (4.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) 250 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition voles (74.9%); deer mice (0.5%); other rodents (11.8%); deer (18.3%); pronghorn (10.9%); other ungulates (10.0%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (0.4%); birds and eggs (12.4%); reptiles and amphibians (4.3%); seeds and fruit (0.5%); insects (7.1%); unknown (1.9%) % frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) 211 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition voles (40.8%); deer mice (2.4%); other rodents (14.1%); deer (24.4%); pronghorn (1.8%); other ungulates (7.3%); lagomorphs (2.4%); other mammals (7.4%); birds and eggs (19.5%); reptiles and amphibians (6.1%); seeds and fruit (30.5%); insects (30.5%); unknown (1.8%) % frequency of occurrence in scats % Not Reported Not Reported National Bison Range (elev., 696-1361 m) 164 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food and energy use by captive coyotes

Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and William W. Mautz
Pages
56-61
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate range of daily dry matter intake per unit metabolic weight (g food/body weight^0.75) for deer, hare or mice diets 26.3 - 36.4 g/kg/d Both Male and Female Juvenile captured in Aroostook County, ME 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus auduboni) population in central California

Author(s)
Fitch, Henry S.
Pages
159 - 184
Year
Volume
33
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition cottontail (45.4%); ground squirrel (31.2%); gopher snake (6.0%); woodrat (4.9%); pocket gopher (3.5%); kangaroo rat (3.3%); other (5.7%) computed % by weight of total recorded prey; based on scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported San Joaquin Experimental Range 1173 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Physical development in coyotes (Canis latrans), with a comparison to other canids

Author(s)
Bekoff, Marc and Robert Jamieson
Pages
685-692
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 274 255 - 284 g Both Male and Female Neonate 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 461 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 657 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 867 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1859 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2724 g Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate 0.31 kg/wk Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 30 d Both Male and Female Juvenile 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat use of coyotes in a farm region of Vermont

Author(s)
Person, David K. and David H. Hirth
Pages
433-441
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 18.7 4.6 SE km2 Male Adult Champlain Valley 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 17.1 3.2 SE km2 Female Adult Champlain Valley 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits of coyotes in Arkansas

Author(s)
Gipson, Philip S.
Pages
848-853
Year
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition poultry (34%); persimmons (23%); insects (11%); rodents (9%); songbirds (8%); cattle (7%); rabbits (7%); deer (5%); woodchucks (4%); goats (4%); watermelons (4%) % occurrence of 11 most common items in stomach contents % Not Reported Both Adults and Juveniles Ozarks, Ouachitas, Coastal Plain and Delta 168 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Estimating coyote food intake from undigested residues in scats

Author(s)
Johnson, Mark K. and Richard M. Hansen
Pages
363-367
Year
Volume
102
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Sylvilagus spp. (39.7); Microtus montanus (15.9); Perognathus spp. (8.0); Spermophilus townsendii (6.5); Peromyscus maniculatus (5.7); Dipodomys ordii (6.6); Antilocapra americana (5.1); Eutamias minimus (3.6); Lepus californicus (3.4); Thomomys talpoides (3.0); reptiles (1.6); Centrocercus urophasianus (1.5); small birds (2.4) relative dry weight ingested, estimated from scats % Not Reported Not Reported Idaho National Engineering Lab 979 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population dynamics of coyotes in central Alberta, 1964-1968

Author(s)
Nellis, Carl H. and Lloyd B. Keith
Pages
389-399
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range of minimum and maximum densities over 3 yrs 4 - 60 #/100 km2 Not Reported Not Reported Rochester, Alberta Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal Oct. dispersal Both Male and Female Juvenile Rochester, Alberta Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.3 1 - 8 pups/litter Female Adult Rochester, Alberta 26 Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity oldest female and male 11.5 - 13.5 yrs Both Male and Female Adult Rochester, Alberta Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 71 mortality rate % Both Male and Female Juvenile Rochester, Alberta Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality mortality rate 36 - 42 % Not Reported Adult Rochester, Alberta Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition large mammals (44%); mice (22%); snowshoe hare (3%); birds (11%); vegetation (7%); misc. (3%) % volume, determined from stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported Rochester, Alberta 344 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 14.6 mean distance moved by coyotes marked in 1964-1968 and relocated by 1976 4.2 SE km Both Male and Female Pup Rochester, Alberta 28 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 29.3 mean distance moved by coyotes marked in 1964-1968 and relocated by 1976 8.9 SE km Both Male and Female Juvenile Rochester, Alberta 22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 6.0 mean distance moved by coyotes marked in 1964-1968 and relocated by 1976 1.6 SE km Both Male and Female Adult Rochester, Alberta 18 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Some observations on the behavioral and morphological development of coyote pups

Author(s)
Snow, Carol J.
Pages
353-355
Year
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 4 - 5 wks Both Male and Female Juvenile 4 Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. nevadensis

Citation:

Ecology and life history of the kit fox in Tooele County, Utah

Author(s)
Egoscue, Harold J.
Pages
481-497
Year
Issue
3
Volume
43
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 4.2 average body weight 3.6-4.6 lbs Female Adult Tooele County, west. UT 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 175 average daily consumption in captivity 108-348 (male); 56-292 (female) g/day Both Male and Female Adult Tooele County, west. UT Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4-5 pups/litter Female Adult Tooele County, west. UT 11 litters Exposure Factor Datasets

Enhydra lutris

Citation:

Enhydra lutris

Author(s)
Estes, James A.
Pages
1-8
Year
Volume
133
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying review Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Mustela frenata

Citation:

Mustela frenata

Author(s)
Sheffield, Steven R. and Howard H. Thomas
Pages
1-9
Year
Volume
570
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Growth Rate review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range review Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
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