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Canis latrans

Citation:

Food habits of the coyote in California

Author(s)
Ferrel, Carol M., Howard R. Leach and Daniel F. Tillotson
Pages
301-341
Year
Volume
39
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition rodent (19.2%); deer (5.0%); other stock (12.4%); rabbit (41.5%); misc. (12.4%); sheep (6.6%); bird (2.1%); vegetation (0.8%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported eastern region 94 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodent (24.4%); deer (9.2%); other stock (7.6%); rabbit (26.4%); misc. (10.3%); sheep (5.3%); bird (8.2%); vegetation (8.6%) overall % volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported southern region 297 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Evaluation of several indices for assessment of coyote (Canis latrans) body composition

Author(s)
Huot, Jean, Marie-Lazarine Poulle and Michel Crete
Pages
1620-1624
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Fat (total or %) 12.08 body fat content 7.36 SD 1.70 - 26.72 % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Quebec 22 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Densities of coyotes at the interface of Saguaro National Monument and Tucson, Arizona

Author(s)
McClure, Mark F., Norman S. Smith and William W. Shaw
Pages
83-86
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range over 6 counting periods 3.2 - 4.6 #/km2 Both Male and Female Not Reported Saguaro National Monument 28-40/period Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Age distribution and weights of coyotes in northwestern Texas

Author(s)
Meinzer, Wyman P. and Fred S. Guthery
Pages
275-278
Year
Volume
25
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 7.9 (0.5yr); 9.8 (1.5 yr); 11.0 (2.5 yr); 11.5(3.5 yr); 10.8 (4.5 yr); 11.6 (5.5 yr); 10.4 (6.5 yr); 10.9 (>7.5 yr) average body weights at various ages kg Female Both Adults and Juveniles King and Knox counties 3 - 121/age Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 8.2 (0.5yr); 10.4 (1.5 yr); 12.8 (2.5 yr); 13.2 (3.5 yr); 13.7 (4.5 yr); 12.5 (5.5 yr); 12.1 (6.5 yr); 12.6 (>7.5 yr) average body weights at various ages kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles King and Knox counties 8 - 76/age Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Seasonal variation in body mass and composition of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Poulle, Marie Lazarine, Michel Crete and Jean Huot
Pages
1625 - 1633
Year
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Fat (total or %) 9.5 1.3 3.4 - 25.2 % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Quebec 36 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) 16.8 1.8 5.3 - 34.8 % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Quebec Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in Iowa

Author(s)
Andrews, Ronald D. and Edward K. Boggess
Pages
249-265
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying Jan. - Apr. breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size range of 5 yearly averages 5.12 - 6.90 pups/litter Female Adult 5 yrs Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 60.9 mean survival rate estimated from population age structure data % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rabbits (51.0%); mice (12.3%); other mammals (8.0%); birds (2.7%); plants (0.3%); misc. (0.2%) % volume of food items in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 222 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Ecology of coyotes in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Berg, William E. and Robert A. Chesness
Pages
229-247
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition deer (41.8%); livestock (23.3%); mice (3.6%); porcupine (4.0%); snowshoe hare (12.8%); striped skunk (2.0%); red squirrel (0.7%); muskrat (1.8%); beaver (0.6%); racoon (0.2%); ruffed grouse (1.0%); bird (0.1%); poultry (1.4%); unknown (2.0%) % weight of item in stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported Aitkin and Itasca counties 1204 Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity oldest age; less than 1% of population 9 - 12 yrs Not Reported Adult Aitkin and Itasca counties 960 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights 12 - 13 kg Male Adult Aitkin and Itasca counties Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights 11 - 12 kg Female Adult Aitkin and Itasca counties Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of average weights 10 - 11 kg Both Male and Female Juvenile Aitkin and Itasca counties Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Migration or Dispersal Oct. - Nov. Both Male and Female Juvenile Aitkin and Itasca counties Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 68 km2 Male Adult Aitkin and Itasca counties 25 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 16 km2 Female Adult Aitkin and Itasca counties 25 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range prior to dispersal 5 - 8 km2 Both Male and Female Juvenile Aitkin and Itasca counties 50 Exposure Factor Datasets

Mustela frenata

Citation:

The sexual cycle of the male long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata)

Author(s)
Wright, Philip L.
Pages
343-352
Year
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 287 g Male Adult 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutches or Litters per year 1 litter/yr Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition Apr. Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Zalophus californianus

Citation:

The pinnipeds of the California current

Author(s)
Antonelis, George A. and Clifford H. Fiscus
Pages
68-78
Year
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying May - June breeding Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets

Mephitis mephitis

Citation:

Age-related Reproduction in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in the upper Midwest

Author(s)
Greenwood, Raymond J. and Alan B. Sargeant
Pages
657-662
Year
Issue
3
Volume
75
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 7.2 live embryo counts 0.4 SE pups/litter Female Adult east-central North Dakota; west -central Minnesota 178 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction in captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis)

Author(s)
Wade-Smith, Julia and Milo E. Richmond
Pages
452-455
Year
Issue
2
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Time of Mating/ Laying mid-February-mid April Both Male and Female Adult 25-200 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 59-77 days Both Male and Female Embryo 59 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-early June Both Male and Female Neonate 118 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 4.28 1-10 pups/litter Female Adult 118 litters Exposure Factor Datasets
Duration of Incubation or Gestation 61.5 second estrus 59-65 d Both Male and Female Embryo 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying second half of May second estrus Both Male and Female Adult 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition second half of July second estrus Both Male and Female 4 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Population characteristics and movements of striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) in central Alberta

Author(s)
Bjorge, Ronald R., John R. Gunson and William M. Samuel
Pages
149-155
Year
Issue
2
Volume
95
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size range of mean litter sizes for two years 2.5 (0.4SE) - 5.2 (0.8 SE) pups/litter Female Adult Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta 15 litters Exposure Factor Datasets
Population Density 0.7-1.2 animals/km2 Not Reported Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 2556 home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures 231SE 1200-4050 m Male Adult Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta 17 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 1970 home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures 170 SE 700-4200 m Female Adult Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta 30 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 3310 home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures 410 SE 850-10100 m Male Juvenile Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta 29 juveniles Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 4150 home range, as indexed by greatest distance between captures 1191 SE 650-21750 m Female Juvenile Tofield 15 deg.N,112 deg. W east central Alberta 19 juveniles Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Parameters of population and seasonal activity of striped skunks, Mephitis mephitis, in Alberta and Saskatchewan

Author(s)
Schowalter, David B. and John R. Gunson
Pages
409-420
Year
Issue
4
Volume
96
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 0.07 0.1 SD kg Female Juvenile Saskatchewan; Alberta 6 juveniles Exposure Factor Datasets
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