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Canis latrans

Citation:

Relationship between coyote group size and diet in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
647-653
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition see citation figure of seasonal changes in diet based on scat analysis; mean % volume of food items % Not Reported Not Reported Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310 - 1740 m) 3270 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range and habitat use of coyotes in southeastern Colorado

Author(s)
Gese, Eric M., Orrin J. Rongstad and William R. Mytton
Pages
640-646
Year
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 11.3 mean annual home range of resident coyotes 5.8 SD 2.8 - 32.0 km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310-1740 m) 56 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 106.5 mean annual home range of transient coyotes 27.7 SD 60.9 - 185.3 km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County (elev., 1310-1740 m) 16 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: Coyotes and kit foxes

Author(s)
Golightly, Richard T. and Robert D. Ohmart
Pages
624 - 635
Year
Volume
64
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 10 0.04 SE kg Both Male and Female Not Reported captured in Maricopa County, AZ 18 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 0.0015 basal metabolic rate at 22-26C estimated via oxygen consumption watts/g Both Male and Female Not Reported captured in Maricopa County, AZ 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Foods of adult Maine coyotes and their known-aged pups

Author(s)
Harrison, Daniel J. and Joyce A. Harrison
Pages
922-926
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition blueberries (68%); white-tailed deer (43%); snowshoe hare (30%); small mammals (21%); birds (2%) % occurrence of food items in scats % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 452 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote movements in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
154-161
Year
Volume
57
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 24.25 18.0 - 27.5 lbs Male Adult Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) 28 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 21.5 17.0 - 26.5 lbs Female Adult Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) 26 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 7 - 22 lbs Both Male and Female Juvenile Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee (elev., 5000-6300 ft) 47 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote food habits in Sagehen Creek basin, northeastern California

Author(s)
Hawthorne, Vernon M.
Pages
4-12
Year
Volume
58
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition mule deer (35.2%); cattle (11.5%); sheep (3.7%); coyote (2.9%); Microtus sp. (47.7%); Thomomys sp. (6.8%); Lepus americanus (4.4%); Marmota flaviventris (3.9%); Citellus lateralis (3.9%); Erethizon dorsatum (3.7%); song birds (3.7%); other insects (4.7%); pine and fir needles (19%); grass (17.6%); other vegetable matter (8.7%) % of scats containing food item % Both Male and Female Adult Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee 384 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mule deer (8.7%); cattle (4.4%); sheep (17.4%); coyote (8.7%); Microtus sp. (56.5%); Eutamias (13%); Thomomys sp. (8.7%); Marmota flaviventris (4.4%); Citellus beldingi (4.4%); Erethizon dorsatum (8.7%); song birds (21.7%); grasshoppers (13.0%); other insects (34.8%); pine and fir needles (30.4%); grass (56.5%); other vegetable matter (13.2%) % of scats containing food item % Both Male and Female Juvenile Sagehen Creek Field Station, Truckee 23 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range, movements, and habitat use of coyotes in southcentral Georgia

Author(s)
Holzman, Stephen, Michael J. Conroy and John Pickering
Pages
139-146
Year
Volume
56
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 10.1 overall home range estimated by minimum convex method (95% probability) 6.9 (95% CI) km2 Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles McRae and Irwin Counties 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Winter foraging patterns and consumption rates of northern Wisconsin coyotes

Author(s)
Huegel, Craig N. and Orrin J. Rongstad
Pages
203-207
Year
Volume
113
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate % body weight/d based on a deer and snowshoe hare diet 5.2 - 13.1 %/d Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Chequamegon National Forest 3 animals/ 1-2 time periods Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Average litter size of the coyote in Tennessee

Author(s)
Kennedy, Michael L., Jeffrey G. Babb, Robert M. Lee and Charles Lydeard
Pages
61-62
Year
Volume
65
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.0 estimated by placental scars 1 - 12 young/litter Female Adult 59 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Home range size of coyotes: A critical review

Author(s)
Laundre, John W. and Barry L. Keller
Pages
127-139
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Home Range review Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer and fall food habits of coyotes in southwestern North Dakota

Author(s)
Lewis, Thomas L., William F. Jensen, Kay A. Keehr and Robert W. Seabloom
Pages
287-292
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition mammals (80%; deer 45.4%, rabbits 23.7%); birds (2.0%); reptiles (0.7%); insects (10.5%); vegetation (46.7%) % of scats containing food item % Not Reported Not Reported Billings County 152 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote movements, habitat use, and food habits in southwestern Oklahoma

Author(s)
Litvaitis, John A. and James H. Shaw
Pages
62-68
Year
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 68.7 minimum area home range 89.1 SD 4.9 - 233.0 km2 Female Adult Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge 6 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 31.3 minimum area home range 42.5 SD 4.0 - 106.2 km2 Male Adult Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 39.9 minimum area home range 27.6 SD 12.3 - 76.2 km2 Female Juvenile Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 1.0 minimum area home range 0.7 SD 0.5 - 2.0 km2 Both Male and Female Juvenile Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition rodents (53%); fruits and seeds (32%); deer (20%); insects (19%); avian (19%); lagomorphs (11%); armadillo (9%); cattle (6%); reptile (4%) overall % occurrence in scats % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge 361 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote foods in a southern California suburb

Author(s)
MacCracken, James G.
Pages
280-281
Year
Volume
10
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition mammals (28.9%; cottontail rabbit, 12.1%, Botta's pocket gopher, 6.8%); birds (15.9%); vegetation (21.7%); misc. (16.7%) % frequency of occurrence of items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported El Cajon, near San Diego 97 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote foods in southwestern Colorado

Author(s)
MacCracken, James G.
Pages
317-318
Year
Volume
26
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition Mammals: Sylvilagus sp. (50.6 - 73.1%); Lepus sp. (0 - 5.0%); Neotoma (0 - 5.5%); Microtus (0-11.1%); Cricetid mice (1.2-8.9%); Bos taurus (1.9 - 7.9%); Odocoileus hemionus (3.6 - 15.5%) range of % relative dry weight of major food items (>5%) measured at 3 sites, based on scat analysis % Not Reported Not Reported Montezuma, La Plata and Saguache Counties 42 - 48/ site Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Longevity of the coyote

Author(s)
Manville, Richard H.
Pages
390
Year
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Longevity 15 maximum lifespan yrs Male Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Diets of coyotes near the boundary of Saguaro National Monument and Tucson, Arizona

Author(s)
McClure, Mark F., Norman S. Smith and William W. Shaw
Pages
101-125
Year
Volume
40
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition mesquite pods (29%); prickly pear fruit (16%); other plants(24%); rodent (28%); lagomorph (22%); mule deer (3%); other mammals (3%); dog food or human-related (35%); misc. (14%) annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats % Not Reported Not Reported suburban area near Saguaro National Monument 667 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition mesquite pods (39%); prickly pear fruit (21%); other plants(35%); rodent (27%); lagomorph (20%); mule deer (9%); other mammals (4%); dog food or human-related (trace); misc. (16%) annual % occurrence of prey items identified in scats % Not Reported Not Reported rural area near Saguaro National Monument 449 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Food habits and average weights of a fall-winter sample of eastern coyotes, Canis latrans

Author(s)
Moore, Gary C. and John S. Millar
Pages
105-106
Year
Volume
100
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition snowshoe hare (31.7%); white-tailed deer (24.5%); plants (20.4%); small mammals (14.3%); non-edibles (13.2%); large birds (6.0%); porcupine (4.9%); Canis spp. (2.6%); carrion (1.9%); small birds (1.9%); apple (1.9%); human garbage (1.5%); moose (1.5%); feces (1.1); sheep (1.1%); cattle (0.8%) % frequency of occurrence of items identified from stomach contents % Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 265 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 13.32 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Male Juvenile New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 89 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 16.64 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Male Adult New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 11.42 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Juvenile New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 80 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 15.24 unskinned weight estimated from skinned weight kg Female Adult New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 23 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Coyote food habits in southeastern Arizona

Author(s)
Ortega, Joseph C.
Pages
152-155
Year
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition leporids (68.5%); Sigmodon spp. (31.8%); aves (5.9%); grass (16.3%); Juniperus deppeana (7.2%); other vegetation (20.0%); other materials (9.6%) overall % occurrence of major food items (>5%) in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Appleton-Whittel Research Ranch, Santa Cruz County (elev., 1500 m) 759 scats Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Energy requirements of eastern coyotes

Author(s)
Pekins, Peter J. and William W. Mautz
Pages
656-659
Year
Volume
68
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate 10.6 yearly mean basal metabolic rate; range of seasonal means 9.8 - 11.6 L O2/kg/d Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 163.5 field metabolic rate estimated as 3 times basal metabolic rate kcal/kg Both Male and Female Adult 4 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Social distribution and population estimates of coyotes in north-central Montana

Author(s)
Pyrah, Duane
Pages
670-690
Year
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Home Range 7.8 mean den area; land area around a den or rendezvous used by group 7.0 - 9.3 km2 Female Adult Missouri River Breaks 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 9.7 mean den area; land area around a den or rendezvous used by group 0.3 - 15.5 km2 Male Adult Missouri River Breaks 12 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Summer foods of coyotes at Rocky Flats, Colorado

Author(s)
Ribic, Christine A.
Pages
152-153
Year
Volume
23
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition grass species (78%); meadow vole (73%); northern pocket gopher (43%); insects (40%); passerines (30%); lagomorphs (24%); cricetid mice (19%); mule deer (13%) % occurrence of food items in scats % Not Reported Not Reported Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant, Denver 54 Exposure Factor Datasets

Vulpes macrotis ssp. mutica

Citation:

Competetive interactions between coyotes and San Joaquin kit foxes

Author(s)
Cypher, Brian L. and Kenneth A. Spencer
Pages
204-214
Year
Issue
1
Volume
79
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition see figure bar graph showing use of leporids, rodents, insects and other food items over 6 years Not Reported Not Reported Naval Petroleum Reserves in California 449 scat samples Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 61.0 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years 5.2 SE 30.0-84.0 % Not Reported Adult Naval Petroleum Reserves in California 306 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 79.8 mean annual mortality rate over 13 years 4.5 SE 50.0-100 % Not Reported Juvenile Naval Petroleum Reserves in California 177 foxes Exposure Factor Datasets
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