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Microtus californicus

Citation:

Condition and diet of cycling populations of the California Vole, Microtus californicus

Author(s)
Batzli, George O. and Frank A Pitelka
Pages
141-163
Year
Issue
1
Volume
52
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition grass heads (1.3%); grass leaves (78.9%); grass stems (9.2%); grass roots (0.3%); Forb leaves (9.3%); Forb stems (0.4%); Forb roots (0.1%); Vole hair (0.4%) composition of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported Richmond Field Station 750 items/15 voles Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition grass heads (72.6%); grass leaves (4.2%); grass stems (2.0%); grass roots (0.4%); Forb leaves (15.4%); Forb stems (2.6%); Forb roots (2.0%); vole hair (0.8%) composition of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported Richmond Field Station 500 items/10 voles Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Territoriality and mating system of California voles

Author(s)
Ostfeld, Richard S.
Pages
691-706
Year
Volume
55
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Population Density range in mean density for 2 yr 45 - 374 #/ha Both Male and Female Adult Richmond Field Station Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range range in home range (minimum area probability, 0.95) over 2 yrs 85 - 116 m2 Female Adult Richmond Field Station 7/yr Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range range in home range (minimum area probability, 0.95) over 2 yrs 128 - 231 m2 Male Adult Richmond Field Station 4-7/yr Exposure Factor Datasets
Home Range 87.5 estimated by minimum area probability (0.95) method 1.5 SE m2 Male Adult Richmond Field Station 2 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Analysis of two freely-growing enclosed populations of the California vole

Author(s)
Lidicker, William Z.
Pages
447-466
Year
Issue
3
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 2-9 pups/litter Female Adult 35 females Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of means measured in voles in enclosures in different seasons 32.4 - 78.7 g Male Adult 5-35/sample Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean range of means measured in voles in enclosures in different seasons 35.3 - 75.8 g Female Adult 5-45/sample Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Nutritional ecology of microtine rodents: digestibility of forage

Author(s)
Batzli, G. O., and F. Russell Cole
Pages
740-750
Year
Issue
4
Volume
60
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Error Units Sex Sample Size Type
Food Ingestion Rate 897 ingested energy; fed rabbit pellets for 21 d 28 SE cal/g/d Not Reported 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 1115 ingested energy; fed bromegrass for 21 d 35 SE cal/g/d Not Reported 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Food Ingestion Rate 693 ingested energy; fed ryegrass seeds for 21 d 22 SE cal/g/d Not Reported 8 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 450 metabolizable energy; equivalent to average daily metabolic rate 16 SE cal/g/d Not Reported 5 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 504 metabolizable energy; equivalent to average daily metabolic rate 28 SE cal/g/d Not Reported 7 Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 485 metabolizable energy; equivalent to average daily metabolic rate 16 SE cal/g/d Not Reported 8 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Intraspecific litter size variation in Microtus californicus II. variation between populations

Author(s)
Krohne, David T.
Pages
1174-1182
Year
Issue
6
Volume
34
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 25.8 median weight at sexual maturity g Male Adult Sea Ranch 33 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 24.4 median weight at sexual maturity g Female Adult Sea Ranch 30 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 20.4 median weight at sexual maturity g Female Adult Orinda, Layfayette, Russell Reservation 69 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 30.4 median weight at sexual maturity g Male Adult Orinda, Layfayette, Russell Reservation 56 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater

Author(s)
Clark Jr., Donald R.
Pages
147-168
Year
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 4.2 2 - 5 pups/litter Female Adult Volta 12 Exposure Factor Datasets

Enhydra lutris

Citation:

Heat production and body surface area in seals and sea otters

Author(s)
Iverson, J.A. and J. Krog
Pages
51-54
Year
Issue
1
Volume
21
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Metabolic Rate see Figure 1 oxygen consumption measured at 15-20 C Not Reported Not Reported 2 Exposure Factor Datasets
Surface Area see Figure 3 estimated surface area Not Reported Not Reported 2 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Sea otter foraging behavior and hydrocarbon levels in prey

Author(s)
Doroff, Angela M. and James L. Bodkin
Pages
193-208
Publisher
Academic Press, Inc.
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition clams (34-61%), mussels (7-20%), crabs (2-11%), other invertebrates (4-5%), unknown prey (12-33%) relative occurences of prey items in diet, based on observation (range crosses three locations) Not Reported Adult Prince William Sound 752-833 foraging dives/site Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproduction, survival and tag loss in California sea otters

Author(s)
Siniff, Donald B., and Katherine Ralls
Pages
211-229
Year
Issue
3
Volume
7
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Clutches or Litters per year 0.9 annual reproductive rate based on number of pups born during monitoring period pups/year Female Adult 13 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Survival/ Mortality 0.58 pup survival rate to weaning Not Reported Juvenile 19 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning <80 or >120 estimate time period that pups spent with mothers d Not Reported Juvenile 24 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Longevity 11 oldest animal captured in study yr Female Adult 1 animal Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Water pollution and otter distribution: A review

Author(s)
Mason, C.F.
Pages
97-131
Year
Issue
2
Volume
32
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sample Size Type
Survival/ Mortality review Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Activity and prey selection in the sea otter: Influence of population status on community structure

Author(s)
Estes, James A., Ronald J. Jameson, and Elaine B. Rhodes
Pages
242-258
Year
Issue
2
Volume
120
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition sea urchins (47.8-70.2%), mussels (0.4-3.1%), sea stars (0.5-0.8%), crabs (1.4-5.2%), clams (0.4-1.8%), octopus (0.0-0.9%), anemone (0.0-0.2%), algal holdfasts (0.0-2.6%), fish (0.0-12.3%), fish eggs (0.0-0.9%), chitons (0.2-0.8%), coralline algae (0.0-0.2%), unknown (14.6-26.7%), unsuccessful (3.4-7.1%) percentage (ranges) of total dives that resulted in capture of different prey items at three locations Not Reported Not Reported Amchitka and Attu (Aleutian Islands), and Blanco Reef, OR 425-584 dives/location Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Temporal and spatial patterns in sea otter, Enhydra lutris, range expansion and in the loss of pismo clam fisheries

Author(s)
Wendell, Frederick E., Robert A. Hardy, Jack A. Ames and Richard T. Bruce
Pages
197-212
Year
Issue
4
Volume
72
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Dietary Composition pismo clams (559), unidentified bivalves (1), rock crabs (1), market crabs (1), unidentified crabs (1), unidentied food items (15) number of prey retreived, based on observations from shore Not Reported Not Reported Pismo Beach 578 observed retrievals Exposure Factor Datasets

Mephitis mephitis

Citation:

Population characteristics of striped skunks in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Fuller, Todd K. and David W. Kuehn
Pages
813-815
Year
Issue
4
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Type
Clutch or Litter Size 5.6 0.38 SE 3-7 fetuses Female Both Adults and Juveniles 10 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 8.0 1.0 SE 7-9 fetuses Female Both Adults and Juveniles 4 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 6.5 0.65 SE 5-8 placental scars Female Both Adults and Juveniles 5 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size 5.8 0.66 SE 3-10 placental scars Female Both Adults and Juveniles 13 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:

Physical characteristics of striped skunks in northern Minnesota

Author(s)
Fuller, Todd K., David W. Kuehn, Pamela L. Coy and Randy K. Markl
Pages
371-374
Year
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Error Range Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Sample Size Type
Body Weight - Mean 2.19 0.17 SE 1.18-2.85 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles Bearville study area; Itasca county 11 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1.65 0.07 SE 1.30-1.90 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles Bearville study area; Itasca county 10 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2.48 0.30 SE 1.75-3.65 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles Bearville study area; Itasca county 6 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 1.74 0.10 SE 1.35-2.15 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles Bearville study area; Itasca county 10 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 3.84 0.19 SE 2.45-5.20 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles Bearville study area; Itasca county 15 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean 2.81 0.14 SE 1.83-3.50 kg Male Both Adults and Juveniles Bearville study area; Itasca county 16 animals Exposure Factor Datasets
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OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment