DDT (4,4'-)

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Birds, Terrestrial birds, Passeriformes, American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type
DDT (4,4'-) Kettle Creek (1993): 0.3; VBNWA (1993): 1.5; ANWA LH (1997): 0.1; UBC (1997): 0.1; EC Park (1997): 0.2; ANWA (1998): 0.1; TY Park (1998): 0.08; UBC (1998): 0.1; ST Park (1998): 0.05 mg/kg Egg concentration Kettle Creek (1993): 4; VBNWA (1993): 2; ANWA LH (1997): 6; UBC (1997): 9; EC Park (1997): 1; ANWA (1998): 1; TY Park (1998): 2; UBC (1998): 5; ST Park (1998): 2 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

An assessment of DDT and other chlorinated compounds and the reproductive success of American robins (Turdus migratorius) breeding in fruit orchards.

Author(s)
Gill, H., Wilson, L.K., Cheng, K.M. and Elliott, J.E.
Issue
1
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDT (4,4'-) Penticton (1993): 6.5; Kelowna (1994): 3.4; Penticton (1994): 11.2; Penticton (1995): 3.4, Naramata (1997): 11.5; Penticton (1997): 5.9; Naramata (1998): 3.4 mg/kg Egg concentration B Embryo Penticton (1993): 23; Kelowna (1994): 1; Penticton (1994): 2; Penticton (1995): 13, Naramata (1997): 19; Penticton (1997): 12; Naramata (1998): 22 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The effects of environmental exposure to DDT on the brain of a songbird: changes in structures associated with mating and song.

Author(s)
Iwaniuk, A.N., Koperski, D.T., Cheng, K.M., Elliott, J.E., Smith, L.K., Wilson, L.K. and Wylie, D.R.
Issue
1
Volume
173
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDT (4,4'-) 11.530 ug/g ww Egg concentration B Embryo 18 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDT (4,4'-) Decreased Brain size B Adult See citation Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDT (4,4'-) Decreased Brain RA and HVC size B Adult See citation Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDT (4,4'-) Decreased Brain nucleus intercollicularis size B Adult See citation Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Organochlorines and reproductive success of birds in orchard and non-orchard areas of central British Columbia, Canada, 1990–91.

Author(s)
Elliott, J.E., Martin, P.A., Arnold, T.W. and Sinclair, P.H.
Issue
4
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDT (4,4'-) Naramata: 26.3; Cawston: 10.6; Vaseaux: 0.08 mg/kg ww Egg concentration B Embryo Naramata: 5; Cawston:5; Vaseaux: 2 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Recovery of an American Robin Turdue-Migratorius population after earlier DDT use.

Author(s)
Beaver, D.L.
Issue
3
Volume
51
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDT (4,4'-) No effect Clutch size See citation See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

Fish, Estuarine and saltwater fish (Gobiiformes), Longjaw mudsucker (Gillichthys mirabilis)

Citation:

Likely population-level effects of contaminants on a resident estuarine fish species: comparing Gillichthys mirabilis population static measurements and vital rates in San Francisco and Tomales Bays.

Author(s)
McGourty, C.R., Hobbs, J.A., Bennett, W.A., Green, P.G., Hwang, H.M., Ikemiyagi, N., Lewis, L. and Cope, J.M.
Issue
6
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
DDT (4,4'-) <2 ppb Tissue concentration NR Not Reported NR Stege Marsh Toxicity Factor Datasets Contra Costa USA

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Lab
DDT (4,4'-) 0.84 µg/g ww Feather concentration NR Both Adults and Juveniles 45 Rio Negro Province; rural site: Bariloche; ag site: Valle Toxicity Factor Datasets ARGENTINA
DDT (4,4'-) 0.001-0.26 ng/mL Plasma concentration B Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) Alaska: 84, California: 1300 ng/g lw Blood concentration B Pup Alaska: 3, California: 5 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) Alaska: 210, California: 2950 ng/g lw Blood concentration B Juvenile Alaska: 14, California: 6 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) 770 ng/g lw Blubber concentration B Pup 11 Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 1400 ng/g lw Blubber concentration B Pup 11 Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 14560 ng/g lw Premature fetus concentration B Embryo 9 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 4951 ng/g lw Late-term fetus concentration B Embryo 11 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 1900 ng/g ww Blubber concentration M Adult 11 Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 3400 ng/g lw Blubber concentration M Adult 11 Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 5.47 µg/g Egg concentration NR Embryo 5 Green Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) See citation Table 1 Egg concentration Embryo 7 Toxicity Factor Datasets SPAIN
DDT (4,4'-) 947 ng/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 8 Yellow River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
DDT (4,4'-) 0.07 µg/g lw Blubber concentration B Not Reported 18 Todos Santos Bay, Ensenada, Baja California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 7222 ng/g ww Maternal blubber concentration F Adult 20 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 18567 ng/g lw Maternal blubber concentration F Adult 20 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 2006 ng/g ww Premature fetus concentration B Embryo 9 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 22738 ng/g lw Late-term fetus concentration B Embryo 11 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 1100 ng/g lw Blubber concentration F Adult 11 Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) Not detected Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material NR Embryo 10 Texas Tech University, Lubbock Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 2100 ng/g lw Blubber concentration F Adult 11 Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) Not detected Accumulation in eggs from spiked nest material NR Embryo 10 Texas Tech University, Lubbock Toxicity Factor Datasets Lab USA Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) Alaska: 59, California: 1080 ng/g lw Blood concentration F Adult Alaska: 38, California: 18 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) 132 ng/g ww (53.8-466) Egg concentration 18 Crab Bank Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) Alaska: 145, California: 8000 ng/g lw Blood concentration M Adult Alaska: 16, California: 11 Alaksa: 3 sites in eastern AK, California: 3 sites between Santa Cruz and Monterey Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) 119 ng/g ww (38.8-541) Egg concentration 10 Marsh Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 1.80 ng/g ww Fat concentration NR 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (4,4'-) 486 ng/g ww (223-1210) Egg concentration 33 Marsh Island Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) Review Fat concentration NR 7 Baja California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 16.51 ng/g ww ± 13.5 Egg concentration Embryo 8 Colorado River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 0.001-3.98 ng/mL Plasma concentration B Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 0.0079 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) MS-90: 0.0122, BI-89: 0.0282, BI-90: 0.0506, WM-89: 0.0185, WM-90: 0.0236, SW-91: 0.0572 µg/g ww Egg concentration NR Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 1.16 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 41 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDT (4,4'-) Review Fat concentration Not Reported 7 Baja California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 0.001-0.26 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 0.001-3.98 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 1.80 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDT (4,4'-) MS-90: 0.0122, BI-89: 0.0282, BI-90: 0.0506, WM-89: 0.0185, WM-90: 0.0236, SW-91: 0.0572 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo BI-82: 10, others: 5 MS: Mallard Slough, Bair Island, WM: West Marin Island, SW: South Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern California coast

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph R. Jehl, Jr., Robert W. Risebrough, Leon A. Woods, Jr., Lawrence R. Deweese, and William G. Edgecomb
Pages
806-808
Year
Volume
190
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) non-detectable DDT plus TDE, 96.6 ppm DDE, lipid wet basis concentration in egg contents Female Adult 39 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) significantly decreased compared to pre-1943 samples eggshell thickness (of intact or broken eggshells) Female Adult 86 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increased compared to positive control (1969 data) mean number of fledglings produced per nest in 1974 Both Male and Female Fledgling 1286 nests Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Effect of asulam in wildlife species: Acute toxicity to birds and fish

Author(s)
Ingham, Brian and Michael A. Gallo
Pages
194-199
Year
Issue
2
Volume
13
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDT (4,4'-) decreased @ all doses body weight gain by 8 days compared with controls Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 1550 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Both Male and Female Juvenile 10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 7 d Laboratory
Citation:

The effects of DDT, DDE and their sulfonated derivatives on eggshell formation in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J.
Pages
697-701
Year
Volume
17
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see citation figure of eggshell thickness over 30 d period (significant differences noted at various times) Female Adult 20/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effects of DDT on eggshell quality and calcium adenosine triphosphatase

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
699-704
Year
Volume
3
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell thickness versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell weight versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell quality (R-value) versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect calcium concentration in eggshell versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect total Ca/eggshell Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect Ca - ATPase activity in eggshell glands versus controls Female Adult 5 hens; 19 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Histopathologic alterations in shell gland accompanying DDT-induced thinning of eggshell

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
225-231
Year
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) 13.8% decrease eggshell thickness, compared to controls Female Adult 3/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDT-induced reduction in eggshell thickness, weight and calcium is accompanied by calcium ATPase inhibition

Author(s)
Kolaja, Gerald J. and David E. Hinton
Pages
309-318
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) decreased eggshell weight and thickness, total eggshell calcium and shell gland epithelial microsomal Ca-ATPase activity, compared to controls Female Adult 5 hens/dose; 19 eggs/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dieldrin and DDT effects on reproduction and some hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the mallard duck

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
302-314
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) no effect fertility, hatchability and duckling weight Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) no effect hepatic microsomal enzyme activity (aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase) Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) DDT <0.1, DDE 0.2 - 1.2 ug/g dry wt @ 0 ppm; DDT 0.6 - 2.4, DDE 1.2 - 10.1 @ 2 ppm; DDT 2.2 - 29.2, DDE 15.7 - 153.5 @ 20 ppm; DDT 14.9 - 102.0, DDE 45.0 - 187.0 @ 200 ppm DDT and DDE concentrations in egg dry matter ranging from 0-14 d to 330 - 343 d sampling periods at 4 dietary doses Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDT thins shells of eggs from mallard ducks maintained on ad libitum or controlled-feeding regimes

Author(s)
Davison, K.L. and J.L. Sell
Pages
222-232
Year
Volume
2
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) decrease @ 20 - 200 ppm eggshell thickness, weight and calcium concentration Female Adult 18/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Dieldrin and p,p'-DDT effects on some microsomal enzymes of livers of chickens and mallard ducks

Author(s)
Davison, Kenneth L. and Jerry L. Sell
Pages
1198-1205
Year
Volume
20
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDT (4,4'-) no effect body weight at end of experiment Female Adult 4/dose/sampling time Toxicity Factor Datasets 80 d at initiation Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) increase @ 100-200 ug/g estradiol metabolism and cytochrome P450 concentration Female Adult 4/dose/sampling time Toxicity Factor Datasets 80 d at initiation Laboratory

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Double-crested cormorants of the Great Lakes: egg-laying parameters, reproductive failure, and contaminant residues in eggs, Lake Huron 1972-1973.

Author(s)
Weseloh, D. Vaughn, Stanley M. Teeple, and Michael Gilbertson
Pages
427-436
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4% mean hatching success in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 331 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.06-0.11 (1972); 0.3 (1973) fledging success (young/nest) in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 42 (1973)-66 (1972) nests Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 95% percent of eggs lost or broken before hatching in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 235 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues to breeding pelicans and cormorants

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph J. Hickey, Robert W. Risebrough, Donald F. Hughes, and Robert E. Christensen
Pages
91-112
Year
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 10.4 ppm DDE, 8 ppm est. PCBs, <0.1 ppm DDD, 0.2 ppm DDT residues measured in live and dead eggs Female Adult 11 colonies Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS negative correlation correlation of egg concentration of DDE and est. PCB's and shell thickness and weight Female Adult 35 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS decreased 8.3% compared with pre-1940 reference measurements eggshell thickness Female Adult 35 eggs Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Reproductive failures of double-crested cormorants in southern California and Baja California

Author(s)
Gress, Franklin, Robert W. Risebrough, Daniel W. Anderson, Lloyd F. Kiff and Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Pages
197-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 28.8% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 17 eggs Anacapa Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 38.3% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 23 eggs Los Coronados Island Toxicity Factor Datasets

Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)

Citation:

Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the diet and eggs of the Florida brown pelican

Author(s)
Thompson, Neal P., Patrick W. Rankin, Patricia E. Cowan, Lovett E. Williams, Jr. and Stephen A. Nesbitt
Pages
331-339
Year
Issue
3
Volume
18
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 0.896 ppm DDE, 0.256 ppm DDD, 0.166 ppm DDT, 0.208 dieldrin, 2.241 ppm PCB 1254 mean residues in eggs Female Adult 29 eggs east coast Toxicity Factor Datasets

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDT (4,4'-) 1.8 ppm; range, 0.6-3.8 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Organochlorine chemical residues in white pelicans and western grebes from the Klamath Basin, California

Author(s)
Boellstorff, D.E., H.M. Ohlendorf, D.W. Anderson, E.J. O'Neill, J.O. Keith and R.M.Prouty
Pages
485-493
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 measurements Not Reported Embryo 29 eggs Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

Citation:

Effects of DDT spray on eggs and nestlings of birds

Author(s)
Mitchell, R.T.
Pages
192-194
Year
Issue
3
Volume
10
Chemical Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDT (4,4'-) no effect Not Reported Embryo 2 eggs Patuxent Research Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Trace element and organochlorine concentrations in California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) eggs

Author(s)
Lonzarich, David G., Thomas E. Harvey and Jean E. Takekawa
Pages
147-153
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CHLORDANE, DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SELENIUM (elemental) no effect eggshell thickness compared to those of museum eggs from 1907 and 1936 Female Adult 29 eggs North and South San Francisco Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1946 museum speciments Female Adult 3 eggs south-central Montana Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Organochlorine pesticide-related mortalities of raptors and other birds in New York, 1982-1986.

Author(s)
Stone, Ward B. and Joseph C. Okoniewski
Pages
429-438
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, MIREX, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increased mortality due to pesticide exposure based on history, ante-mortem signs, and gross pathology Not Reported Not Reported 8 owls Toxicity Factor Datasets

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Environmental contaminants in Canadian peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus: a toxicological assessment

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., David G. Noble, John E. Elliot, James D. Somers, and Gary Erickson
Pages
244-254
Year
Issue
2
Volume
104
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) review concentrations of chemicals in eggs and diet associated with mortality and eggshell thinning (various raptor species) Not Reported Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE residues and eggshell characteristics of reestablished peregrines in the eastern United States

Author(s)
Gilroy, Martin J., and John H. Barclay
Pages
403-411
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 12.1% percent eggshell thinning (as indicated by Ratcliffe Index) compared to pre-1947 eggs Not Reported Embryo 39 eggs Mid-Atlantic coastal and urban breeding sites Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Eggshell thickness and contaminant analysis of reintroduced, urban nesting peregrine falcons in Wisconsin

Author(s)
Septon, Greg A., and Jim B. Marks
Pages
25-30
Publisher
Academic Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1248, AROCLOR 1254, AROCLOR 1260, DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 9 eggs urban nest sites Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in peregrines and their prey species from northern Canada

Author(s)
Enderson, James H. and Daniel D. Berger
Pages
149-153
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect number of viable eggs or young versus "normal" nest success Not Reported Juvenile 15 nests Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.9-7.2 (DDT); 10.4-41.8 (DDE); 0.9-3.4 (DDD); 0.3-2.0 (dieldrin); 0.2-1.2 (heptachlor epoxide) range of concentrations in eggs (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult 7 eggs Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 37.3 (DDT), 284 (DDE), 39.5 (DDD), 3.3 (dieldrin), 4.4 (heptachlor epoxide) mean residue concentrations in fat (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult 9 birds Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets nesting CANADA
Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 48.0 (DDE), 3.35 (DDD), 1.02 (DDT), 1.45 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in eggs (ppm, dry weight) Female Adult 2 eggs Yukon River Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 622.0 (DDE), 25.4 (DDD), 25.3 (DDT), 6.20 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in fat (ppm, dry weight) Both Male and Female Adult 4 birds Yukon River Toxicity Factor Datasets breeding

Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)

Citation:

The toxicity of p,p'-DDT to the clapper rail

Author(s)
Van Velzen, Aldeen and J.F. Kreitzer
Pages
305-309
Year
Issue
2
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDT (4,4'-) 1612 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDT (4,4'-) 1896 ppm 5 day dietary LC50 Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 13.3 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that survived Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 19.0 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that survived Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 42.9 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that died Male Juvenile 7 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDD (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 44.6 ppm mean residue concentration in brains of birds that died Female Juvenile 4 birds Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)

Citation:

Trophic accumulation of DDT in a terrestrial food web

Author(s)
Rudd, R.L., R.B. Craig and W.S. Williams
Pages
219-228
Year
Volume
25
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) 293.43-820.93 ppm, lipid weight concentrations of DDT, DDE, DDD (combined) in skin and brains, 2 years post-application Not Reported Not Reported 2 birds 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) see figure figure showing concentration of DDT and metabolites in skin and brains before and after application Not Reported Not Reported 27 birds (3-4/sampling time) 3.2 km NE of Davis Toxicity Factor Datasets Yolo

Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris ssp. nereis)

Citation:

Accumulation pattern of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found stranded along coastal California, USA

Author(s)
Nakata, H., K. Kannan, L. Jing, N. Thomas, S. Tanabe and J.P. Giesy
Pages
45-53
Year
Volume
103
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) increase otters that died from infectious diseases contained higher liver DDTs concentrations that those that died of trauma Both Male and Female Adult 4-8 Toxicity Factor Datasets
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