Sterna antillarum ssp. browni
California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum ssp. browni)
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 0.50 (first wave), 0.58 (second wave) | mean number of fledglings produced per nesting pair | fledglings/pair | Not Reported | Fledgling | 10 nests (first wave), 33 nests (second wave) | NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Hatching Success | 100% (first wave), 82% (second wave) | proportions of eggs hatched of eggs laid | Not Reported | Hatchling | 54 eggs (second wave) | NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | |
Clutch or Litter Size | 2.33 (first wave), 1.70 (second wave) | average clutch sizes for early and late nesters | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 10 nests (first wave), 33 nests (second wave) | NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Age at Sexual Maturity | 2 | age of birds nesting for the first time | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 10 pairs | NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Time of Mating/ Laying | May-early Jul (first wave), late May-Aug (second wave) | nesting periods of early (first wave) and late (second wave) birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8-10 pairs (first wave), 29 pairs (second wave) | NASA Island, Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival/ Mortality | 17/32 to 33/33 | range of numbers of clutches lost of total numbers of clutches in a colony | Not Reported | Chick, Embryo | 7 colonies, 8 years | coast | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles, Orange |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | average number of fledglings produced per pair, over 13 years | fledglings/pair | Not Reported | Fledgling | 35-165 pairs/year | Venice (beach) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles | ||
Fledging or Weaning Rate | average number of fledglings produced per pair, over 13 years | fledglings/pair | Not Reported | Fledgling | 775-1,264 pairs/year | statewide | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||
Age at Sexual Maturity | 2 | earliest age at which adults were known to breed for the first time | yr | Not Reported | Adult | 186 birds | Venice (beach) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles | |
Longevity | 13 | age of oldest banded breeding birds | yr | Not Reported | Adult | 40-105 birds/year | Venice (beach) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles | |
Survival/ Mortality | 0.88 | overall survival rate for adults that have returned to breed once | Not Reported | Adult | 82-165 breeding pairs/year | Venice (beach) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles | ||
Survival/ Mortality | 0.16 | rate at which chicks survived to breed at least once | Not Reported | Chick | 84-285 chicks/year | Venice (beach) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles | ||
Longevity | 9.63 | expected number of breeding years per adult bird | yr | Not Reported | Adult | 372 birds | Venice (beach) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles | 6.55-14.48 95% CI |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | range of fledging rates, 2 years | fledglings/nests | Not Reported | Fledgling | 16-58 nests/year | Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | |
Hatching Success | range of egg hatching rates, 2 years | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | 16-58 nests/year | Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | |
Time of Mating/ Laying | May to Aug | beginning to end of nesting period | Both Male and Female | Adult | 1 colony | Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | |
Population Density | 40 | density of nests at one colony | nests/1400 m^2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 1 colony | Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Clutch or Litter Size | range of average clutch sizes, 2 years | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 16-58 nests/year | Cuixmala Beach [19 deg, 22'14"N, 104 deg 59'31"W] | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Migration or Dispersal | late Apr | time of arrival at breeding grounds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 2 colonies | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | ||
Clutches or Litters per year | 1 | normal number of broods per year | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach; Santa Margarita Lagoon | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | ||
Time of Mating/ Laying | May-Jul | period of egg laying, 2 years | Female | Adult | 2 colonies | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | ||
Clutch or Litter Size | 2 | most frequent clutch size, 2 years | Female | Adult | 96 nests | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | ||
Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 22 | most frequent incubation period, 2 years | d | Not Reported | Embryo | 41 clutches | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | |
Hatching Success | range of hatching success, 2 years | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | 53-157 eggs/year | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | ||
Body Weight - Mean | 5.93 | mean body weight of day 0 chicks | g | Not Reported | Hatchling | 77 birds | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | 0.09 2SE |
Body Weight - Mean | 39.62 | asymptotic body weight of juveniles at 15 days of age | g | Not Reported | Fledgling | 8 birds | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | 0.73 2SE |
Time of Migration or Dispersal | first two wks Apr | timing of dispersal from breeding areas | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 1 colony | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | ||
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 20 | approximate age of fledging (first flight) | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 2 birds | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | |
Survival/ Mortality | proportion of hatched birds that survived during post-fledging period, 2 years | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | 42-140 hatched birds/year | Sunset Aquatic Park, Huntington Beach | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fledging or Weaning Rate | 0.69 | statewide average annual fledging rate, 13 years | fledglings/pair | Not Reported | Fledgling | 832-1708 nesting pairs/year | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Territory Size | 40 | radius of nesting territory | cm | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Huntington Beach State Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Clutch or Litter Size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 12 clutches | Huntington Beach State Park | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foraging Distance | foraging distance from nesting sites | mi | Not Reported | Adult | 10-11 surveys/site | Venice Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Margarita River | Exposure Factor Datasets | Los Angeles, Orange | |
Time of Migration or Dispersal | late Jul | timing of post-fledging dispersal | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | Santa Margarita River | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |
Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of Migration or Dispersal | late Aug-Sep | timing of departure from breeding areas | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 4 nesting areas, 2 years | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | |
Clutch or Litter Size | range of average clutch sizes over 2 years | eggs/clutch | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 230-336 nests | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | |
Hatching Success | proportion of eggs hatched of total eggs laid over 2 years | % | Not Reported | Hatchling | 419-734 eggs | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange | |
Survival/ Mortality | estimated annual mortality rate for two years based on juvenile censuses | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 92-195 birds counted | Santa Margarita River at Camp Pendleton | Exposure Factor Datasets | Orange |