Phalacrocorax auritus (Double-crested Cormorant)

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Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Table 1 Adults/sq km Adults/sq km NR Adult North Channel, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Population Density See citation Table 1 Adults/sq km Adults/sq km NR Adult Georgian Bay, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Author(s)
Seamans, M.E., Ludwig, J.P., Stromborg, K., Ludwig II, F.E. and Ludwig, F.E.
Issue
sp1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 4 Second-year birds Adult Great Lakes region Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality See citation Figure 5 Hatch-year birds Juvenile Great Lakes region Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Stromborg, K.L., Ivan, J.S., Netto, J.K. and Courtney, C.R.
Issue
sp1
Volume
35
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality 0.696 Survival, modeled average (Adult, at least 2 y) Percent Adult Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.305 Survival, modeled average (first year) Percent Juvenile Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.774 Survival, modeled average (Second/third year) Percent Juvenile Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality 0.633 Survival, modeled average (Adult, at least 4 y) Percent Adult Lake Michigan Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Striped mullet: 25.5, gulf menhaden: 17.6, hardhead catfish: 11.8, Sciaendiae: 15.7, unidentifiable fish: 5.9 Frequency % Not Reported 51 Lavaca bay Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Striped mullet: 28.5, hardhead catfish: 2.5, gulf toadfish: 46.4 Sciaendiae: 0, unidentifiable fish: 3.6 Frequency % Not Reported 28 Laguna Madre Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Adkins, J.Y., Roby, D.D., Lyons, D.E., Courtot, K.N., Collis, K., Carter, H.R., Shuford, W.D. and Capitolo, P.J.
Issue
7
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Location Type Countries
Population Density See citation Breeding pairs/location Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition 2006: >93% alewife, 2007: 86.5%; balance made up of round goby, rainbow smelt, pumpkinseed Chick diet % by mass B Adult Tommy Thompson Park, Lake Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Clutch or Litter Size 2008: 1.79 ± 0.03, 2009: 1.96 ± 0.02 Brood size Number of hatchlings NR Hatchling 2008: 493 nests, 2009: 559 nests Northeast SD Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Time of Hatching or Parturition 2008: June 4, 2009: May 29 Earliest hatch date Hatchling 2008: 493 nests, 2009: 559 nests Northeast SD Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Hatching Success 2008: 49.5% [45.9-52.9 (95% CI)], 2009: 59.4% [55.8-63.1 (95% CI)] Fledge success Hatchling 2008: 28, 2009: 25 Northeast SD Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Clark, C.P. and Leary, R.E.
Issue
2
Volume
76
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Life Cycle Stage Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density See citation Figure 2 Active nests/11,000 ha Adult Estero Bay Aquatic Preserve Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Collis, K., Roby, D.D., Craig, D.P., Adamany, S., Adkins, J.Y. and Lyons, D.E.
Issue
3
Volume
131
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Herring, shad: 0.6, Peamouth/Pikeminnow: 24.0, Sucker: 5.8, Smelt: 0.3, Salmonid: 45.5, Stickleback: 5.0, Sculpin: 8.0, Surfperch: 0.3, Flounder: 8.5, Other: 1.8 Percent by mass from adult foregut and chick regurgitation samples % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 206 Rice Island/Channel Markers Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Herring, shad: 27.8, Peamouth/Pikeminnow: 0.7, Sucker: 4.7, Smelt: 7.6, Salmonid: 15.9, Stickleback: 2.1, Sculpin: 9.2, Surfperch: 7.3, Flounder: Pacific sand lance: 1.8, Flounder: 9.8 Other: 1.3 Percent by mass from adult foregut and chick regurgitation samples % NR Both Adults and Juveniles 128 East Sand Island Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Author(s)
DeBruyne, R.L., DeVault, T.L., Duerr, A.E., Capen, D.E., Pogmore, F.E., Jackson, J.R. and Rudstam, L.G.
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Cyprinid, Lepomis spp., rainbow smelt, rock bass, white perch, yellow perch Percent by number before alewife eastablishment % Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Alewife ,cyprinid, Lepomis spp., rainbow smelt, rock bass, white perch, yellow perch Percent by number after alewife eastablishment % Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Author(s)
DeBruyne, R.L., Coleman, J.T., Jackson, J.R., Rudstam, L.G. and VanDeValk, A.J.
Issue
2
Volume
142
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Percent by number % Lake Oneida Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition See citation Percent by number % Lake Oneida Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Age-Specific Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Percent composition and biomass B Adult Exposure Factor Datasets Leech Lake USA
Dietary Composition See citation Percent composition and biomass B Chick Exposure Factor Datasets Leech Lake USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Johnson, J.H., Farquhar, J.F., Klindt, R.M., Mazzocchi, I. and Mathers, A.
Issue
1
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Pre-goby: 14.4, Transition 14.3, Post-goby: 20.1 Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods Numerb of fish NR Adult Pre-goby: 3100, Transition 2206, Post-goby: 1028 Griswold Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Pre-goby: 11.9, Transition 12.7, Post-goby: 16.7 Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods Numerb of fish NR Adult Pre-goby: 923, Transition 1631, Post-goby: 2035 McNair Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition Pre-goby: 13.2, Transition 12.8, Post-goby: 17.0 Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods Numerb of fish NR Adult Pre-goby: 1187, Transition 518, Post-goby: 1404 Strachan Island Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 4 Percent species by number by different periods % NR Not Reported See citation Three sites along St. Lawrence River Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Author(s)
Johnson, J.H., McCullough, R.D., Farquhar, J.F. and Mazzocchi, I.
Issue
2
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Pre-goby: 10.15, Transition 10.25, Post-goby: 14.81 Number of fish eaten per pellet by different periods Numerb of fish NR Not Reported Pre-goby: 17,681, Transition 1800, Post-goby: 4662 Lilttle Galloo Island, Lake Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Dietary Composition See citation Table 4 Percent species by number by different periods % NR Not Reported Pre-goby: 17,681, Transition 1800, Post-goby: 4662 Lilttle Galloo Island, Lake Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Home Range 17490 sq km sq km B Adult 37 Mississipi Alluvial Valley (AR, MS, LA) & Upper Coastal Plain (AL, MS) Exposure Factor Datasets Over-wintering populations USA 1986
Citation:
Author(s)
Ridgway, M.S., Pollard, J.B. and Weseloh, D.C.
Issue
10
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Location Type Condition Countries
Population Density 1990: 3985, 1994: 9854, 1997: 8217, 2000: 12821, 2003: 11470 Number of nests Number of nests Georgian Bay, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA
Population Density 1990: 4310, 1994: 7281, 1997: 8494, 2000: 12441, 2003: 11527 Number of nests Number of nests North Channel, Lake Huron Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding CANADA

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
CEFTIOFUR CRYSTALLINE FREE ACID (EXCEDE) 60.8 hg Terminal half-life B Not Reported 12 The Marine Mammal Center Toxicity Factor Datasets Marin USA
PCB 6831 ng/g lw Late-term fetus concentration B Embryo 11 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 14560 ng/g lw Premature fetus concentration B Embryo 9 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 4951 ng/g lw Late-term fetus concentration B Embryo 11 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CEFTIOFUR CRYSTALLINE FREE ACID (EXCEDE) 24.0 hr Time to peak conc. B Not Reported 12 The Marine Mammal Center Toxicity Factor Datasets Marin USA
PCB 1492 ng/g ww Late-term fetus concentration B Embryo 11 Coastal sites Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS B850 site: 8.7, WOP vale site: 6.0 Liver concentration M Yearling 7 Altamont hills Toxicity Factor Datasets San Joaquin USA
VANADIUM (elemental) San Pedro: 7.8, Roosevelt: 2.1, Alamo: 4.2 µg/g dw Eggshell concentration San Pedro: 2, Roosevelt: 2, Alamo: 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS San Pedro: 3.8, Roosevelt: 3.1, Alamo: 6.1 µg/g dw Eggshell concentration San Pedro: 2, Roosevelt: 2, Alamo: 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets
CIPROFLAXACIN 1.67 mL/hr/kg Total body clearance as function of bioavailability NR Not Reported 20 The Marine Mammal Center Toxicity Factor Datasets Marin USA
SELENIUM (elemental) San Pedro: <0.5, Roosevelt: 1.8, Alamo: 0.95 µg/g dw Eggshell concentration San Pedro: 2, Roosevelt: 2, Alamo: 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets
NICKEL (elemental) San Pedro: 1.4, Roosevelt: 8.4, Alamo: 12.8 µg/g dw Eggshell concentration San Pedro: 2, Roosevelt: 2, Alamo: 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets
COPPER (elemental) San Pedro: 3.1, Roosevelt: 1.6, Alamo: 5.7 µg/g dw Eggshell concentration San Pedro: 2, Roosevelt: 2, Alamo: 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) San Pedro: <0.5, Roosevelt: 1.5, Alamo: <0.5 µg/g dw Eggshell concentration San Pedro: 2, Roosevelt: 2, Alamo: 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets
CIPROFLAXACIN 7.4 L/kg Vol. distribution as function of bioavailability NR Not Reported 20 The Marine Mammal Center Toxicity Factor Datasets Marin USA
ZINC (elemental) San Pedro: 43.2, Roosevelt: 43.3, Alamo: 57.9 µg/g dw Eggshell concentration San Pedro: 2, Roosevelt: 2, Alamo: 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets
STRONTIUM San Pedro: 459, Roosevelt: 188, Alamo: 201.3 µg/g dw Eggshell concentration San Pedro: 2, Roosevelt: 2, Alamo: 1 Toxicity Factor Datasets
CIPROFLAXACIN 1.01 hr Time to peak conc. NR Not Reported 20 The Marine Mammal Center Toxicity Factor Datasets Marin USA
CIPROFLAXACIN 0.54 hr Lag time NR Not Reported 20 The Marine Mammal Center Toxicity Factor Datasets Marin USA
CIPROFLAXACIN 0.22 1/hr Elimination rate constant NR Not Reported 20 The Marine Mammal Center Toxicity Factor Datasets Marin USA
CIPROFLAXACIN 7.80 1/hr Nonintravenous absorption rate NR Not Reported 20 The Marine Mammal Center Toxicity Factor Datasets Marin USA
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 213 ng/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 8 Yellow River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
PBDE MIXTURE 54 ng/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 8 Yellow River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
PCB 181 ng/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 8 Yellow River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHANE (DBDPE) 0.4 ng/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 8 Yellow River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER (DBDPE) 8.2 ng/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 12 Great Lakes Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
PBDE MIXTURE Aquatic: 1600, terrestrial: 430 ng/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 13 Central and coastal areas Toxicity Factor Datasets SPAIN
BIS(2,4,6-TRIBROMOPHENOXY)ETHANE (BTBPE) 13 ng/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 12 Great Lakes Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CIS-NONACHLOR 0.026 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 0.0035 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ZINC (elemental) 5.83 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
SELENIUM (elemental) 0.26 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
MERCURY (elemental) 0.22 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDD (4,4'-) 0.024 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 4.26 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (2,4'-) 0.010 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDT (4,4'-) 0.0079 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PBDE MIXTURE 15.38 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 35 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
HYDROXYLATED PCB (OH-PCB) 8.77 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 36 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
PENTACHLOROPHENOL 3.16 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 37 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDE (4,4'-) 2.70 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 38 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
CHLORDANE 1.37 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 39 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
HYDROXYLATED PBDE (OH-PBDE) 1.07 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 40 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDT (4,4'-) 1.16 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 41 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
MIREX 0.77 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 42 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.95 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 43 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
PHOTOMIREX 0.96 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 44 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
HEXACHLOROBENZENE 0.13 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 45 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
METHYLSULFONYL-PCB 0.20 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 46 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDE (4,4'-) 1982-1986: 0.76, 1990-1998: 0.27, 2004-2006: 0.12 mg/kg Plasma concentration NR Adult 1982-1986: 75, 1990-1998: 97, 2004-2006: 25 Rankin Inlet, Nunavut Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
PCB 1982-1986: 0.64, 1990-1998: 0.11, 2004-2006: 0.32 mg/kg Plasma concentration NR Adult 1982-1986: 70, 1990-1998: 97, 2004-2006: 25 Rankin Inlet, Nunavut Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DIELDRIN 1982-1986: 0.07, 1990-1998: not detected, 2004-2006: not detected mg/kg Plasma concentration B Adult 1982-1986: 72, 1990-1998: 97, 2004-2006: 25 Rankin Inlet, Nunavut Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DIELDRIN 1982-1986: 0.07, 1990-1998: 0.01, 2004-2006: 0.01 mg/kg Plasma concentration F Adult 1982-1986: 54, 1990-1998: 66, 2004-2006: 16 Rankin Inlet, Nunavut Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
PBDE MIXTURE 7.85 µg/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 95 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEPTA-BROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER (HEPTA-BDE) 0.95 µg/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 95 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
HEXA-BROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER (HEXA-BDE) 1.95 µg/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 95 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PENTA-BROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER (PENTA-BDE) 1.90 µg/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 95 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
TETRA-BROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER (TETRA-BDE) 0.54 µg/g lw Egg concentration Embryo 95 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
PERFLUORONONANOIC ACID (PFNA) 1.6 ng/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
PERFLUORODECANE SULFONATE (PFDS) 3.1 ng/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
PERFLUOROUNDECANOIC ACID (PFUnA) 4.2 ng/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
PERFLUORODODECANOIC ACID (PFDoA) 3.2 ng/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
PERFLUOROPENTADECANOIC ACID (PFPeA) 0.57 ng/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
PERFLUOROHEXASULFONATE (PFHxS) 0.80 ng/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID (PFSA) 83 ng/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
PERFLUORODECANE SULFONATE (PFDS) 0.66 ng/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 10 Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
BROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER MIXTURE (BDE) See citation Table 2 for congenger values Egg concentration Embryo Captive: 8, south: 19, north: 17 Toxicity Factor Datasets SWEDEN
OEHHA California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment