Falco peregrinus
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY (elemental) | brood size = 0.848 - 0.635(log DDE) - 0.271(log Hg) | linear regression of brood size vs mercury and DDE concentrations in eggs | Female | Adult | 60 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | UNITED KINGDOM | ||
| DDE (4,4'-) | productivity = 1.412 - 0.724(log DDE) | linear regression of productivity (mean number of young raised per pair) vs. log DDE concentration in eggs | Both Male and Female | Adult | 14 pairs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | UNITED KINGDOM | ||
| DDE (4,4'-) | eggshell thickness index = 1.799 - 0.243(log DDE) | linear regression of eggshell thickness index vs. log DDE concentration in eggs | Female | Adult | 295 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | eggs were addled and/or deserted | UNITED KINGDOM | |
| DDE (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | 15 ppm DDE, 0.7 ppm heptachlor epoxide | concentrations in eggs associated with population recovery | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 550 eggs from 469 clutches | Toxicity Factor Datasets | UNITED KINGDOM |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 16% | percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 13 eggs | South Australia | Toxicity Factor Datasets | AUSTRALIA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY (elemental) | 2.80 - 10.60 ppm, dry wt (females) 3.70 - 8.95 ppm, dry wt (males) |
range of concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 sample periods; 1-9 birds/sample period | Southern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 6.90-29.50 ppm, dry wt (females) 12.10 ppm, dry wt (males) |
concentrations measured in primary and rectrix feathers | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 females, 1 male | Northern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 8.31(2.59) ppm, dry wt | mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers | Not Reported | Juvenile | 3 nests | Northern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| MERCURY (elemental) | 2.79 (3.10) ppm, dry wt | mean (SD) concentration measured in feathers | Not Reported | Juvenile | 3 nests | Southern Sweden | Toxicity Factor Datasets | SWEDEN |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | review | data correlating eggshell thinning and DDE concentrations in eggs | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | GLOBAL |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | eggshell thickness index = 1.888 - 0.281(log DDE) | linear regression of eggshell thickness index and DDE content of eggs | Female | Adult | 137 eggs | Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia | Toxicity Factor Datasets | AUSTRALIA |
| DDE (4,4'-) | productivity = 1.79 - 0.04(DDE) | linear regression of productivity (number of young fledged per site) and DDE concentrations in eggs | Both Male and Female | Adult | 9 eggs | Tasmania | Toxicity Factor Datasets | AUSTRALIA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 11.4% | percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-DDT reference eggs | Female | Adult | 8 nests | Kola Peninsula | Toxicity Factor Datasets | RUSSIA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 21:0.09 | ratio of average concentration of DDE in eggs to average concentration of DDE in prey items | Female | Adult | 12 prey species, pooled samples of 7-10 individuals | Toxicity Factor Datasets | |
| HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | negative correlation | correlation of heptachlor epoxide concentration in eggs and eggshell thickness | Female | Adult | 38 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no relation | linear regression of eggshell thickness and DDE concentration in eggs | Female | Adult | 35 eggs | Victoria | Toxicity Factor Datasets | AUSTRALIA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 2 eggs, 1 nest | Toxicity Factor Datasets | ECUADOR |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 14.2% | percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 26 breeding attempts | Toxicity Factor Datasets | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 6.4-33 ppm, dry wt | range of concentrations in whole addled eggs | Female | Adult | 5 eggs from 3 clutches | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) | review | concentrations of chemicals in eggs and diet associated with mortality and eggshell thinning (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | review | concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced productivity (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | review | concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | review | concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| OXYCHLORDANE | review | concentrations in brain associated with mortality (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| HEXACHLOROBENZENE | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various raptor species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| MERCURY COMPOUNDS | review | concentrations in brain and liver associated with mortality (various avian species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| MERCURY COMPOUNDS | review | concentrations in eggs associated with reduced reproduction (various avian species) | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 12.7 +/- 8.7 ppm (wet wt), 253 +/- 160 ppm (lipid wt) | mean (+/-SE) DDE concentration in eggs | Female | Adult | 10 eggs | Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 21% decrease | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1940 museum specimens | Female | Adult | 21 eggs from 12 clutches | Ungava region, Quebec; islands of Northwest Territories | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 12.1% | percent eggshell thinning (as indicated by Ratcliffe Index) compared to pre-1947 eggs | Not Reported | Embryo | 39 eggs | Mid-Atlantic coastal and urban breeding sites | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 11% decrease | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 112 eggs | eastern U.S. coast | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1248, AROCLOR 1254, AROCLOR 1260, DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS | no effect | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 9 eggs | urban nest sites | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 13.1% and 13.6% decreases in tundrius and anatum ssp. | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 21 and 34 eggs for tundrius and anatum ssp. | Toxicity Factor Datasets | |||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.39 | mean clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 18 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | ||
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.78 | mean number of fledglings per nest | fledglings/nest | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 18 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | review | eggshell thickness compared to that of pre-1945 eggs | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | GLOBAL |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | review | mortality in conjunction with pesticide use and residues in birds | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA, UNITED KINGDOM, USA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 7.4-8.3% | percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 3-7 eggs/year | Amchitka | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 16.8-24.9% | percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 3-11 eggs/year | Colville, Yukon, Tanana Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 2.4-25.0 (DDE); 0.5-10.6 (PCBs); 0.2-4.2 (Hg) | residues in eggs (ppm, wet wt) | Female | Adult | 5 eggs (from 5 nests) | Gulf of California | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | +2 to 16% | percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 5 eggs (from 5 nests) | Gulf of California | Toxicity Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 8.31 (1.67-45.63; PCBs); 4.45 (0.76-28.05; DDE); 0.36 (0.05-1.80; dieldrin) | geometric mean (range) residues in eggs, ppm, wet wt | Female | Adult | 20 eggs | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 15% | percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-DDT reference eggs | Female | Adult | 20 eggs | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 0.12 (0-2.59; PCBs); 0.06 (0-2.70; DDE); ND (0-0.06; dieldrin) | geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of nestlings | Not Reported | Juvenile | 79 nestlings | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | males: 0.15 (0-3.27; PCBs); 0.31 (0.05-1.95; DDE); 0.03 (0-0.30; dieldrin) females: 0.87 (0-6.82; PCBs); 0.63 (0-4.23; DDE); 0.04 (0-0.37; dieldrin) |
geometric mean residues (range) in plasma, ppm, wet wt of adult birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 26 males, 34 females | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | liver: 1.58-59.45, PCBs; 0.99-18.84, DDE; 0.06-0.79, dieldrin breast: 0.35-57.30, PCBs; 0.30-16.95, DDE; 0-0.19, dieldrin |
range of residues in liver and breast muscle (ppm, wet wt) of 22-31 day old nestlings found dead | Not Reported | Juvenile | 7 birds | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | no effect | number of viable eggs or young versus "normal" nest success | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 nests | Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | 0.9-7.2 (DDT); 10.4-41.8 (DDE); 0.9-3.4 (DDD); 0.3-2.0 (dieldrin); 0.2-1.2 (heptachlor epoxide) | range of concentrations in eggs (ppm, wet wt) | Female | Adult | 7 eggs | Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA | |
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE | 37.3 (DDT), 284 (DDE), 39.5 (DDD), 3.3 (dieldrin), 4.4 (heptachlor epoxide) | mean residue concentrations in fat (ppm, wet wt) | Female | Adult | 9 birds | Peace, Slave, and Mackenzie Rivers | Toxicity Factor Datasets | nesting | CANADA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 15.8% | mean eggshell thinning compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs | Female | Adult | 78 eggs | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | log DDE in eggs = 0.9723 + 0.8506(log DDE in plasma); r = 0.66 | log-log relationship between DDE in plasma of female birds and DDE in eggs | Female | Adult | 10 females | Rankin Inlet | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 1.89 (1.27-2.43) -6.96 (3.28-13.37) ppm, wet wt | annual mean (range) concentrations in eggs | Female | Adult | 3-6 eggs/year | Amchitka Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 7.5% decrease | eggshell thickness compared to "pre-pesticide" reference eggs | Female | Adult | 3-6 eggs/year | Amchitka Island | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 21.7% decrease (tundra population); 16.8% decrease (taiga population); 7.5% decrease (Aleutian population) | eggshell thickness compared to pre-1947 reference eggs | Female | Adult | 23 eggs (tundra pop.); 14 eggs (taiga pop.); 11 eggs (Aleutian pop.) | Colville River (tundra); Yukon River (taiga); Amchitka Island (Aleutian) | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN | 48.0 (DDE), 3.35 (DDD), 1.02 (DDT), 1.45 (dieldrin) | mean concentrations of pesticides in eggs (ppm, dry weight) | Female | Adult | 2 eggs | Yukon River | Toxicity Factor Datasets | |||
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN | 622.0 (DDE), 25.4 (DDD), 25.3 (DDT), 6.20 (dieldrin) | mean concentrations of pesticides in fat (ppm, dry weight) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 birds | Yukon River | Toxicity Factor Datasets | breeding | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.09 | average number of eggs or downy chicks per pair | eggs or downy chicks/nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | 11 pairs | Yukon River | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.80 | average number of fledged or nearly fledged young per occupied cliff | fledglings/nest | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12 pairs | Yukon River | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | Mar. - June | time when eggs were laid to time when all young abandoned nests | Female | Adult | 3 breeding pairs | Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | Feb. - Mar. | time of laying | Female | Adult | 3 breeding pairs | Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | |
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | May - June | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 3 breeding pairs | Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO | ||
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.3 | average clutch size | eggs/nest | Female | Adult | 3 breeding pairs | Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 2.6 | average fledging rate | fledglings/active nest | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 3 breeding pairs | Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Baja California | Exposure Factor Datasets | MEXICO |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | Holboell's grebe (2.4%); green-winged teal (9.7%); buffle-head (2.7%); sparrow hawk (2.4%); spruce grouse (2.4%); ruffed grouse (2.4%); lesser yellow-legs (9.7%); gulls (19.6%); hawk owl (2.4%); northern flicker (2.4%); Alaska jay (12.5%); Hudsonian chickadee (2.4%); gray-cheeked thrush (2.4%); rusty blackbird (2.4%); pine grosbeak (2.4%); robin (4.9%); unidentified passerines (17.0%) | estimated from prey item remains lying about the bluffs in study area | % total prey | Not Reported | Not Reported | 52 prey items | Tanana River, Chena | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | review | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | review | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Survival/ Mortality | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | range for two sites over two yrs | eggs/nest | Female | Adult | 4 | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 41.7 | mean egg weight | g | Not Reported | Embryo | 13 | Thelon River, Northwest Territories | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.3 | mean clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 29 | Thelon River, Northwest Territories | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | May - June | time of laying | Female | Adult | 19 | Thelon River, Northwest Territories | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 43 | percent of adults lost before next breeding season; adults produced brood sizes of 3-4 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 44 | Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Survival/ Mortality | 23 | percent of adults lost before next breeding season; adults produced brood sizes of 0-2 | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 60 | Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Body Weight - Mean | see citation | figure of nestling weights at various ages | g | Both Male and Female | Nestling | Not Reported | Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (lat., 54^oN; long., 113^oW) | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 25 | mortality rate | % | Not Reported | Adult | 81 birds banded as nestlings | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA | ||
| Survival/ Mortality | 68 | mortality rate | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 27 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-1 year | CANADA, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 16 | average maximum loss rate; estimated by number of individuals returning to nest in 2 successive yrs | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 23 - 34 cases | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.70 | average clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 77 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | range of annual mortality rates over 3 years, corrected for known movements | % | Female | Adult | 7-11 recaptured birds/yr | Colville, Sagavanirktok, Yukon, and Tanana Rivers | Exposure Factor Datasets | |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | 2.8 (female); 2.6 (male) | mean age when first captured as a breeding adult | yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 females; 5 males | Colville, Sagavanirktok, Yukon, and Tanana Rivers | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | mortality rate in Germany and Finland of ringed birds | % | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 209 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | 1-14 years | FINLAND, GERMANY | |
| Survival/ Mortality | mortality rate of ringed young birds | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 134 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0-1 year | FINLAND, GERMANY |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.91 | representative number of fledglings per nest attempt in a "normal year" | fledglings/nest | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 101 pairs | Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding | |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.62 | mean number of eggs laid per nest attempt | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 84 nest attempts | Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding | 0.59 SD |
| Hatching Success | 87% | ratio of total eggs hatched to total eggs produced | % | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 101 pairs | Rankin Inlet, Hudson Bay (62 deg49'N, 92 deg05'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | review | review of factors controlling population density | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | review | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |
| Dietary Composition | review | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | review | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | review | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |
| Population Density | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |
| Time of Mating/ Laying | review | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |
| Age at Sexual Maturity | review | Not Reported | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 89.7-94.7 | range of home range sizes | square km | Female | Adult | 2 | Cape Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH AFRICA |
| Foraging Distance | 9.2 | maximum distance travelled from nest cliff | km | Female | Adult | 2 | Cape Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH AFRICA |
| Foraging Distance | 11.1-16.4 | maximum distance travelled from nest cliff | km | Male | Adult | 2 | Cape Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH AFRICA |
| Home Range | 115.2-192.1 | range of home range sizes | square km | Male | Adult | 2 | Cape Peninsula | Exposure Factor Datasets | SOUTH AFRICA |
