DDE (4,4'-)

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Birds, Terrestrial birds, Passeriformes, American Robin (Turdus migratorius)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) Kettle Creek (1993): 4.9; VBNWA (1993): 46.7; ANWA LH (1997): 0.9; UBC (1997): 1.5; EC Park (1997): 3.2; ANWA (1998): 0.6; TY Park (1998): 1.9; UBC (1998): 0.6; ST Park (1998): 0.3 mg/kg Egg concentration Kettle Creek (1993): 4; VBNWA (1993): 2; ANWA LH (1997): 6; UBC (1997): 9; EC Park (1997): 1; ANWA (1998): 1; TY Park (1998): 2; UBC (1998): 5; ST Park (1998): 2 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

An assessment of DDT and other chlorinated compounds and the reproductive success of American robins (Turdus migratorius) breeding in fruit orchards.

Author(s)
Gill, H., Wilson, L.K., Cheng, K.M. and Elliott, J.E.
Issue
1
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) Penticton (1993): 55.8; Kelowna (1994): 17.4; Penticton (1994): 62.0; Penticton (1995): 60.3, Naramata (1997): 46.1; Penticton (1997): 26.7; Naramata (1998): 22.7 mg/kg Egg concentration B Embryo Penticton (1993): 23; Kelowna (1994): 1; Penticton (1994): 2; Penticton (1995): 13, Naramata (1997): 19; Penticton (1997): 12; Naramata (1998): 22 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

The effects of environmental exposure to DDT on the brain of a songbird: changes in structures associated with mating and song.

Author(s)
Iwaniuk, A.N., Koperski, D.T., Cheng, K.M., Elliott, J.E., Smith, L.K., Wilson, L.K. and Wylie, D.R.
Issue
1
Volume
173
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 55.775 ug/g ww Egg concentration B Embryo 18 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:

Organochlorines and reproductive success of birds in orchard and non-orchard areas of central British Columbia, Canada, 1990–91.

Author(s)
Elliott, J.E., Martin, P.A., Arnold, T.W. and Sinclair, P.H.
Issue
4
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) Naramata: 103; Cawston: 67.7; Vaseaux: 1.53 mg/kg ww Egg concentration B Embryo Naramata: 5; Cawston:5; Vaseaux: 2 Okanagan Valley Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA

Fish, Estuarine and saltwater fish (Gobiiformes), Longjaw mudsucker (Gillichthys mirabilis)

Citation:

Tidal salt marsh sediment in California, USA: Part 3. Current and historic toxicity potential of contaminants and their bioaccumulation.

Author(s)
Hwang, H.M., Green, P.G. and Young, T.M.
Issue
11
Volume
71
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
DDE (4,4'-) B: 76.3, D: 69.0, G: 63.4, O: 133, Q: 61.4, R: 78.7 Tissue concentration NR Not Reported NR Stege Marsh Toxicity Factor Datasets Contra Costa USA

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 0.39 µg/g ww Feather concentration NR Both Adults and Juveniles 45 Rio Negro Province; rural site: Bariloche; ag site: Valle Toxicity Factor Datasets ARGENTINA
DDE (4,4'-) Breeding: 14 ppm, non-breeding: 2.9 Unspecified tissue concentration M Not Reported Breeding: 1, non-breeding: 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) Breeding: 2.4 ppm, non-breeding: 0.99 Unspecified tissue concentration F Not Reported Breeding: 5, non-breeding: 5 Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration B Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-) 1613.5 µg/g Egg concentration NR Embryo 5 Green Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) See citation Egg concentration NR Embryo Varied by site Multiple sites in Straight of Georgia Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDE (4,4'-) 7.76 ug/kg ww Egg concentrations Embryo 14 Fern Ridge Reservoir Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.10 µg/g (0.09-0.30) Egg concentration Embryo 4 Carrizo Plain Toxicity Factor Datasets San Luis Obispo USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 1982-1986: 0.76, 1990-1998: 0.27, 2004-2006: 0.12 mg/kg Plasma concentration NR Adult 1982-1986: 75, 1990-1998: 97, 2004-2006: 25 Rankin Inlet, Nunavut Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.06 µg/g ww Brain concentration NR Nestling 2 Central Everglades Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 1.19 µg/g (0.70-2.82) Egg concentration Embryo 5 Pixley Toxicity Factor Datasets Tulare USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 2,810 ng/g ww Egg concentration Embryo 11 MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.05 µg/g ww Brain concentration NR Nestling 10 Mangrove estuary, west coast of Everglades National Park Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 2.60 µg/g (0.90-10.11) Egg concentration Embryo 21 Lemoore Toxicity Factor Datasets Fresno USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) Review Egg concentration Embryo See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets GERMANY
DDE (4,4'-) 0.74 µg/g (0.06-3.11) Egg concentration Embryo 26 Lemoore Toxicity Factor Datasets Fresno USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) Review Egg concentration Embryo See citation North Rhine-Westphalia / Rhineland Palatinate Toxicity Factor Datasets GERMANY
DDE (4,4'-) 1.00 µg/g (0.20-25.56) Egg concentration Embryo 20 Lemoore Toxicity Factor Datasets Fresno USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 3.33 µg/g lw Blubber concentration B Not Reported 18 Todos Santos Bay, Ensenada, Baja California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-) 1.14 µg/g (0.61-3.71) Egg concentration Embryo 16 Lemoore Toxicity Factor Datasets Fresno USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 1.68 ng/g ww Fat concentration NR 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 0.62 µg/g (0.10-3.01) Egg concentration Embryo 7 Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets Imperial USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) Review Fat concentration NR Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 0.11 Egg concentration Embryo 22 South San Francisco Bay marshes Toxicity Factor Datasets USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration B Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-) 0.32 µg/g ww ± 0.15 Liver concentration NR Hatchling 4 Hamilton Harbour, Western Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 4.5 ± 4.32 ng/g ww Fat concentration NR Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
DDE (4,4'-) 0.45 µg/g ww ± 0.56 Liver concentration NR Hatchling 4 Snake and Pigeon Islands, Eastern Lake Ontario Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 3.1 ± 2.65 ng/g ww Liver concentration NR Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
DDE (4,4'-) 0.230 µg/g fw Egg concentration Embryo 4 Naval Air Base Coronado Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.925 µg/g ww Egg concentration NR Embryo 5 Mallard Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.562 µg/g fw Egg concentration Embryo 4 Sweetwater Marsh Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
DDE (4,4'-) 1982: 2.04, 1989: 1.71, 1990: 1.88 µg/g ww Egg concentration NR Embryo 1982: 10, 1989: 5, 1990: 5 Bair Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.470 µg/g fw Egg concentration Embryo 5 Tijuana Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets San Diego USA
DDE (4,4'-) 1989: 1.86, 1990: 0.824, 1991: 1.17 µg/g ww Egg concentration NR Embryo 5 W. Marin Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 22.33 ng/g ww ± 12.2 Egg concentration Embryo 8 Colorado River Delta Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 0.347 mm ± 0.017 Eggshell thickness B Embryo 24 Yellowstone National Park Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 3.01 µg/g ww Egg concentration NR Embryo 5 S. Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 7.52 µg/g (1.50-33.00) Egg concentration Embryo 9 Lemoore Toxicity Factor Datasets Fresno USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 4.26 mg/kg Egg concentration Embryo 60 NJ, PA, DE, MD, VA Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.249 µg/g ww Egg concentration B Embryo 4 Lower Laguna Madre Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.62 µg/g (0.20-3.40) Egg concentration Embryo 7 Salton Sea Toxicity Factor Datasets Imperial USA Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 2.70 ng/g ww Plasma concentration, geometric mean NR Nestling 38 nests Great Lake Basin Toxicity Factor Datasets CANADA
DDE (4,4'-) 0.95 µg/g ww Brain concentration NR Nestling 4 Lake Okeechobee Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 1.68 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) Review Fat concentration Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-) 4.5 ± 4.32 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
DDE (4,4'-) 3.1 ± 2.65 ng/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 0.925 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 Mallard Slough Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 1982: 2.04, 1989: 1.71, 1990: 1.88 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 1982: 10, 1989: 5, 1990: 5 Bair Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 1989: 1.86, 1990: 0.824, 1991: 1.17 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 W. Marin Island Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
DDE (4,4'-) 3.01 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 5 S. Wilbur Flood Area Toxicity Factor Datasets USA

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Citation:

Kestrel predatory behavior under chronic low-level exposure to DDE

Author(s)
Rudolph, Seri G., Daniel W. Anderson and Robert W. Risebrough
Pages
121-136
Year
Volume
32
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 1.37 (0.10 SE) mg/kg mean DDE concentration in blood (wet wt) Not Reported Adult 6 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE thins eggshells of captive American kestrels

Author(s)
Wiemeyer, Stanley N., and Richard D. Porter
Pages
737-738
Year
Volume
227
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) decrease at 10 ppm mean eggshell thickness Female Adult 8-10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 0.71 (0.05 SE) ppm at 0 ppm,
32.4 (2.78 SE) ppm at 10 ppm 		mean residues in eggs Female Embryo 9-10 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Enzymatic changes in the oviduct associated with DDE-induced eggshell thinning in the kestrel, Falco sparverius

Author(s)
Bird, David M., David B. Peakall and David S. Miller
Pages
22-24
Year
Volume
31
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) decrease eggshell thickness Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) decrease Calcium ATPase activity of shell gland Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) decrease carbonic anhydrase activity of shell gland Female Adult 8/group Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

A suggestion of sysnergistic effects of DDE and Aroclor 1254 on Reproduction of the American Kestrel Falco sparverius

Author(s)
Lincer, Jeffrey L.
Pages
761-765
Publisher
The Pica Press
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) decrease at 3 ppm mean eggshell thickness Female Adult 18 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

DDE at Low Dietary Levels Kills Captive American Kestrels

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D. and Stanley N. Wiemeyer
Pages
193-199
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 984.1-1438.6 ppm (dry wt) brain residues in birds that died Male Adult 2 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

Citation:

Organochlorine residues and shell thinning in Oregon seabird eggs

Author(s)
Henny, Charles J., Lawrence J. Blus and Richard M. Prouty
Pages
15-21
Year
Volume
63
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect shell thickness Female Adult 10 eggs from 10 nests OR coast Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Double-crested cormorants of the Great Lakes: egg-laying parameters, reproductive failure, and contaminant residues in eggs, Lake Huron 1972-1973.

Author(s)
Weseloh, D. Vaughn, Stanley M. Teeple, and Michael Gilbertson
Pages
427-436
Year
Volume
61
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 95% percent of eggs lost or broken before hatching in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 235 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 23.9% thinner eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 eggshells in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 18 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4% mean hatching success in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 331 eggs Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, HEXACHLOROBENZENE, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 0.06-0.11 (1972); 0.3 (1973) fledging success (young/nest) in contaminated colonies Not Reported Embryo 42 (1973)-66 (1972) nests Lake Huron Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Reproductive failures of double-crested cormorants in southern California and Baja California

Author(s)
Gress, Franklin, Robert W. Risebrough, Daniel W. Anderson, Lloyd F. Kiff and Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
Pages
197-208
Year
Issue
2
Volume
85
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 28.8% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 17 eggs Anacapa Island Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 38.3% decrease mean thickness of eggshells collected in 1969 compared with pre-1946 museum specimens Female Adult 23 eggs Los Coronados Island Toxicity Factor Datasets

Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

Citation:

Organochlorine chemical residues in white pelicans and western grebes from the Klamath Basin, California

Author(s)
Boellstorff, D.E., H.M. Ohlendorf, D.W. Anderson, E.J. O'Neill, J.O. Keith and R.M.Prouty
Pages
485-493
Year
Volume
14
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS no effect eggshell thickness compared with pre-1947 measurements Not Reported Embryo 29 eggs Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Toxicity Factor Datasets

Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Citation:

Effects of dicofol on mallard eggshell quality

Author(s)
Bennett, Jewel K., Stephen E. Dominguez and William L. Griffis
Pages
907-912
Year
Volume
19
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) no effect body weight at end of study Female Adult 5-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 2 - 17% decrease @ 3-100 ug/g eggshell thickness, compared to controls Female Adult 5-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 10.3 (0.9 SE) ug/g wet wt. @ 3 ug/g diet; 91.5 (1.5 SE) @ 30 ug/g diet; 332.0 (26.0 SE) @ 100 ug/g diet mean egg yolk concentrations after 37-42 d on DDE diet Female Adult 5-10/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) ST = 0.986 - 0.060C regression equation relating shell thickness (mm) to log10 yolk concentration (C, ug/g); r2=0.54 Female Adult 63 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Some effects of DDE and PCB on mallards and their eggs

Author(s)
Risebrough, Robert W. and Daniel W. Anderson
Pages
508-513
Year
Volume
39
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 373 (95% CL; 152-574) ppm lipid basis @ 40 ppm diet DDE residue concentrations in eggs Female Adult 12 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) 344 (95% CL; 156-686) ppm DDE lipid basis and 346 (95%CL; 133-686) ppm PCB lipid basis @ 40 ppm DDE + 40 ppm PCB diet mean DDE and PCB residue levels in eggs Female Adult 13 Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of DDE on the Ca metabolism of the duck eggshell gland and its subcellular fractions; Relations to the functional stage

Author(s)
Lundholm, C.E.
Pages
5-12
Year
Volume
78
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) no effect plasma calcium concentration Female Adult Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 25% decrease @ 40 mg/kg calcium content of secreted fluid in the shell gland, compared to control Female Adult 5/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

Effect of p-p'-DDE administered in vivo and in vitro on Ca2+ binding and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity in egg shell gland mucosa of ducks

Author(s)
Lundholm, C.E.
Pages
121-129
Year
Volume
50
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific Lab
DDE (4,4'-) 18% decrease @ 40 mg/kg eggshell index (shell weight/length x breadth), compared to control Female Adult 18 Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
DDE (4,4'-) 38 ug/g wet weight egg (yolk + white), 1.20 ug/g wet weight egg shell gland mucosa @ 40 mg/kg mean DDE concentrations Female Adult 7-9 Toxicity Factor Datasets 1 yr Laboratory
Citation:

South Louisiana crude oil or DDE in the diet of mallard hens: effects on egg quality

Author(s)
Vangilder, Larry D. and Tony J. Peterle
Pages
328-336
Year
Volume
26
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
DDE (4,4'-) no effect egg weight, length or breadth, compared to control Female Adult 21-25/dose Toxicity Factor Datasets Laboratory

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)

Citation:

Organochlorine residues in Alaskan peregrines

Author(s)
Peakall, David B., Tom J. Cade, Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
255-260
Year
Issue
4
Volume
8
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 16.8-24.9% percent eggshell thinning compared with pre-1946 reference eggs Female Adult 3-11 eggs/year Colville, Yukon, Tanana Rivers Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Peregrines and pesticides in Alaska

Author(s)
Cade, Tom J., Clayton M. White, and John R. Haugh
Pages
170-178
Year
Issue
2
Volume
70
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 48.0 (DDE), 3.35 (DDD), 1.02 (DDT), 1.45 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in eggs (ppm, dry weight) Female Adult 2 eggs Yukon River Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN 622.0 (DDE), 25.4 (DDD), 25.3 (DDT), 6.20 (dieldrin) mean concentrations of pesticides in fat (ppm, dry weight) Both Male and Female Adult 4 birds Yukon River Toxicity Factor Datasets breeding
Citation:

Pollutants and eggshell thinning in peregrines and their prey in the Baja California region

Author(s)
Porter, Richard D., and M. Alan Jenkins
Pages
413-421
Publisher
The Peregrine Fund, Inc.
Year
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 2.4-25.0 (DDE); 0.5-10.6 (PCBs); 0.2-4.2 (Hg) residues in eggs (ppm, wet wt) Female Adult 5 eggs (from 5 nests) Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (4,4'-), MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS +2 to 16% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 5 eggs (from 5 nests) Gulf of California Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:

Pesticide residues in Arizona peregrine falcon eggs and prey

Author(s)
Ellis, D.H., L.R. Deweese, T.G. Grubb, L.F. Kiff, D.G. Smith, W. M. Jarman, and D.B. Peakall
Pages
57-64
Year
Volume
42
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) 6.4-33 ppm, dry wt range of concentrations in whole addled eggs Female Adult 5 eggs from 3 clutches Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDE (4,4'-) 14.2% percent eggshell thinning compared to pre-1947 reference eggs Female Adult 26 breeding attempts Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Long term trends and sources of organochlorine contamination in Canadian tundra peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus tundrius

Author(s)
Johnstone, Robin M., Gordon S. Court, Adrian C. Fesser, D. Mark Bradley, Lynn W. Oliphant, and James D. MacNeil
Pages
109-120
Year
Issue
2
Volume
93
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 8.31 (1.67-45.63; PCBs); 4.45 (0.76-28.05; DDE); 0.36 (0.05-1.80; dieldrin) geometric mean (range) residues in eggs, ppm, wet wt Female Adult 20 eggs Rankin Inlet Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris ssp. obsoletus)

Citation:

Trace element and organochlorine concentrations in California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) eggs

Author(s)
Lonzarich, David G., Thomas E. Harvey and Jean E. Takekawa
Pages
147-153
Year
Volume
23
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
CHLORDANE, DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR, MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SELENIUM (elemental) no effect eggshell thickness compared to those of museum eggs from 1907 and 1936 Female Adult 29 eggs North and South San Francisco Bay Toxicity Factor Datasets

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Citation:

The nesting, reproductive performance, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the red-tailed hawk and great horned owl in south-central Montana

Author(s)
Seidensticker, John C. and Harry V. Reynolds
Pages
408-418
Year
Issue
4
Volume
83
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE no effect eggshell thickness compared to pre-1946 museum speciments Female Adult 3 eggs south-central Montana Toxicity Factor Datasets
Citation:

Pesticide levels, egg and eggshell parameters of great horned owls

Author(s)
Springer, Mark A.
Pages
184-187
Year
Issue
4
Volume
80
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-), DIELDRIN, HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE, OXYCHLORDANE 5% decrease eggshell thickness index compared with reference eggs Female Adult 18 eggs, 15 clutches Butler, Delaware, Hamilton Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

Citation:

Premature parturition in the Califonia sea lion

Author(s)
Gilmartin, W. G., R. L. DeLong, A. W. Smith, J. C. Sweeney, B. W. De Lappe, R. W. Risebrough, L. A. Griner, M. D. Dailey and D. B. Peakall
Pages
104-115
Year
Issue
1
Volume
12
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific
DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS increase incidence of premature parturition associated with elevated DDT and PCB levels, compared to full term parturient group Female Adult 10/group San Miguel Island Toxicity Factor Datasets 6 - 14 yrs

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)

Citation:

Organochlorine residues in nesting killdeer, Charadrius vociferus, and their eggs in North Dakota

Author(s)
Fair, Jeanne M., Lowell C. McEwen and Patricia L. Kennedy
Pages
328-331
Year
Issue
3
Volume
108
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDE (4,4'-) no correlation with DDE residues in eggs eggshell thickness Female Adult 12 eggs McHenry and Billings Counties Toxicity Factor Datasets

California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis ssp. californicus)

Citation:

Brown pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern California coast

Author(s)
Anderson, Daniel W., Joseph R. Jehl, Jr., Robert W. Risebrough, Leon A. Woods, Jr., Lawrence R. Deweese, and William G. Edgecomb
Pages
806-808
Year
Volume
190
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-) significantly decreased compared to pre-1943 samples eggshell thickness (of intact or broken eggshells) Female Adult 86 eggs Anacapa Island and Isla Coronado Norte Toxicity Factor Datasets
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