CRUDE OILS
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 2-15 ul/egg | percent mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 100 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | days 2-18 of incubation | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 2-15 ul/egg | incidence of survivors with abnormalities versus controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 100 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | days 2-18 of incubation | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 15 ul/egg | red blood cell and liver ALAD activity and hemoglobin concentration, compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 100 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | days 2-16 of incubation | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 5, 15 ul/egg | red blood cell and liver ALAD activity, hemoglobin concentration, plasma uric acid, and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 100 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | days 2-16 of incubation | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 1% and 3% | hepatic microsomal naphthalene metabolism (nmol/min/mg protein), compared to control, in adult females and in neonatal ducklings hatched from eggs laid by females (1% Prudhoe Bay dose level was not significantly different for neonates). | Female | Adult | 6 adults/dose; 5-20 neonates/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | no effect | onset of laying, egg production, egg fertility, compared to controls | Female | Adult | 20 hens/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease | egg hatchability (# eggs hatching/# fertile eggs), compared to controls | Female | Adult | 20 hens/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 3% | plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control | Male | Juvenile | 24/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 wks | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 3% | body weight | Male | Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 wks | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 1 and 3% | daily food intake rate | Male | Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 wks | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 0.5, 1, 3% | plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control | Male | Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 wks | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 0.5% | plasma corticosterone concentration, compared to control | Male | Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 wks | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 0.5, 1, 3% | hepatic microsomal naphthalene metabolism (nmol/min/mg protein) | Male | Juvenile | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 wks | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decreased @ 5 uL/egg | embryonic weight (females) and crown rump length (both sexes) | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 65 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 days | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decreased to 65% @ 1 uL/egg); 9% @ 5 uL/egg | embryo survival to 18 days | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 65 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 days | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decreased @ 1, 5 uL/egg | bill length of both sexes | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 65 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 days | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decrease | egg weight, length and breadth, compared to control | Female | Adult | 25/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 5% | growth rate, estimated as change in body weight, compared to control | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 50/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-8 wks post-hatch | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 0.25 - 5% | distance retreated from a frightening stimulus; impaired avoidance behavior | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-6 d post-hatch | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 2.5 - 5% | incidence of liver hypertrophy and splenic atropy | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-8 wks post-hatch | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 2.5 - 5% | hematocrit, compared to control | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-8 wks post-hatch | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 0.25 - 5.0% | plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, from liver | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-8 wks post-hatch | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 0.025 - 5% | pathological release of ornithine carbamyltransferase from kidney | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-8 wks post-hatch | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 5% | incidence of degeneration of kidney tubules | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 0-8 wks post-hatch | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | increase | length of reproductive cycle; due to prolonged phase of gonadal maturation | Female | Adult | 17 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 mo | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | no effect | clutch size | Female | Adult | 17 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 mo | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease | % hatchability (53% @ 3ml/100g vs 71% in controls) | Female | Adult | 17 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 mo | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease | plasma prolactin levels during oviposition, early incubation and post-natal care | Female | Adult | 5-12/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 mo | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | no effect | % mortality, compared to controls | Male | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | no effect | body weight, gross lesions or signs of clinical illness, compared to controls | Male | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 4.0 ml/kg | susceptibility to Pasturella multocida estimated as % mortality 2-wks post-exposure to Pasturella multocida which was given on day 28 | Male | Adult | 10-32/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS, FUEL OILS | no effect | antibody-mediated immunity estimated by direct spleen plaque-forming cell assays (PFCs/g spleen); mallards inoculated with sheep red blood cells on day 24 | Male | Adult | 9/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decrease | % fertile eggs and # of ducklings; when male, female or both male and female exposed to oil, compared to control | Female | Adult | 3 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 5.5 mo at initiation | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | no effect | body weight | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 4 d | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase | plasma triglyceride and sodium concentrations, compared to control (based on treatment means at 3, 6, 9 wks) | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 4 d | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decrease | hematocrit and plasma cholesterol concentration, compared to control (based on treatment means at 3, 6, 9 wks) | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 4 d | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | increase | metabolic heat production (watts/kg), compared to pre-contamination levels | Not Reported | Adult | 3/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | 53% increase | plasma triiodothryonine concentration | Not Reported | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | 56% increase | hepatic cytochrome P450 content | Not Reported | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | no effect | body weight | Not Reported | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | increased with light, moderate and heavy oiling | thermal conductance of feathers and body heat loss versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 birds/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | no effect | body weight; body and skin temperature at 16C; mean heat production and thermal conductance at 16C | Not Reported | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase | body temperature at an ambient temperature of -17C, compared to control | Not Reported | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decrease @ 1, 5, 10 ul | 18-d % survival, mean embryonic weight, crown-rump length (5ul) and bill length | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 50/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1d of development | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increase @ 1, 5 ul | % abnormal survivors, compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 50/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1d of development | Laboratory |
Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRUDE OILS | decreased @ 3.0% | body weight | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 16/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | increased @ 3.0% | food consumption | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 16/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | decreased @ 3.0% | hemoglobin | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 16/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
CRUDE OILS | no effect | various hematological measurements (packed cell volume, erythrocyte counts, plasma uric acid, plasma alanine aminotransferase) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 16/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |